Ukuzithoba kungukuthi ... Umqondo wokugudluzwa ngaphansi komshuwalense

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zomshuwalense yisikhungo okuthiwa yi-subrogation. Ngokumangazayo, naphezu kokuthi ukuxoshwa okuncane akuyona into entsha eyaziwa ngomthetho wamaRoma, emphakathini wanamuhla, noma kunjalo, akuwona wonke umuntu oqonda futhi angachaza ukuthi ukhona. Kwabaningi, lokhu kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo ngemuva kwezikhiye eziyisikhombisa. Ukungazi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukungafuni ukujwayelana negama eliyisisekelo, ukuvinjelwa kwe-banal kungabangela umphumela wokuthi umshuwalense onikezwe inkontileka, wenqaba ukukhokhela umonakalo obangelwa impahla yomshuwalense umuntu wesithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amacala avamile lapho, ngenxa yokungafundi kahle ngokomthetho, umzuzi wemfanelo uphoqeleka ukuba akhokhele umonakalo ngokwakhe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uzivikele ezinkingeni ezinjalo, udinga ukwazi okuyisisekelo somshuwalense futhi ukwazi ukuvikela amalungelo akho kunoma yisiphi isimo.

Institute subrogatsii: ukuchazwa komqondo kanye nesisekelo somthetho

Igama elithi "ukuxoshwa" kuqala lavela eRoma lasendulo futhi livela eLatinini. Amagama angu-subrogare / subrogatio, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ukubuyisela, ukugcwalisa". Ngokusho kwemithombo yasendulo, lokhu kuyinkinga yokwabiwa kwamalungelo (okusho, ukuthengiselana okusho ukuthi omunye weqembu uhanjiswe omunye ilungelo lokufuna iqembu elithile lesithathu ukuba lifeze izibopho ezithile). Kamuva, umbono we-subrogation ukhokhelwe yizinhlelo zikazwelonke zaseFrance, eNgilandi, eJalimane, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe. Ubaba womthetho womshuwalense ungumNgisi uMansfield, ophikisa ukuthi ukuxoshwa komthetho kuyindlela eyenza kube nzima ukucebisa abanikazi besikhwama ngokukhokhela izinkokhelo ezimbili: okokuqala ngendleko ngenxa yomshuwalense, futhi ngemuva - sibonga kumuntu obangela ukulimala kwempahla.

E-United States, ilungelo elinjalo laqashelwa kusukela ezikhathini zobuqolonti futhi alisho lutho ngaphandle kokufaka esikhundleni somzuzi wenkampani yomshuwalense ezenzweni eziqondiswe kumuntu wesithathu.

E-Russian Federation subrogation ilawulwa yi-Article 965 ye-Civil Code, kanye ne-Article 281 ye-MWC.

Ukuzithoba kungukuthi ...

Ukusebenzisa amagama asetshenziswa ngokomthetho, umuntu obhekene nakho kunzima ukuqonda okushiwo yilezi zenzakalo. Kuyinto elula ukuchaza ngezibonelo ezithile.

Ake sithi uphelile futhi uphuzile emsebenzini. Ukuxhuma embhede, ugqoke, uthathe okhiye bemoto kusuka etafuleni lombhede futhi waphuma endlini. Ukuzulazula kwithrekhi ngesikhathi sehora sokuphumula phakathi kwamakhulu ezinye izimoto, usengozini. Ngenhlanhla, unomshwalense we-CASCO, futhi zonke izindleko zokulungisa zenziwa yinkampani yomshuwalense. Kodwa ngemuva kokwenza ukuhlaziywa kwengozi yomgwaqo kwakhiwe ukuthi awunayo yonke into ebhekene nayo, kodwa umshayeli wemoto yesibili ehilelekile kulesi sigameko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbangela yangempela yengozi inomshwalense wayo. Kule nkinga, inkampani yakho yomshuwalense inelungelo lokuyifuna kusuka enkampanini emele izithakazelo zecala ukuba libuyisele ngokugcwele zonke izindleko.

Ngakho-ke, ukuchithwa kwesigwebo kungumthetho lapho inkampani yomshuwalense ingadinga khona kumuntu obhekene nengozi ukubuyisela izindleko ezenziwa ngaphansi kwemigomo yesivumelwano esiphethwe neklayenti. Umthetho oyinhloko wukuthi lapho nje umshwalense egcwalise izibopho zalo zomsebenzi kuwe, unelungelo elizwakalayo nelinembile lokufuna kusuka enkampanini yomshuwalense umphumela wengozi noma uqobo lwakhe ukubuyisela konke ukulahlekelwa.

Kuthiwani uma ungumphumela wengozi?

Uma ubangele ingozi, kodwa emonakalweni komunye umuntu ungowokusola, uzodingeka uphendule kuphela umonakalo owutholiwe yimoto ngephutha lakho. Umshuwalense wesisulu cishe ngeke aphuthelwe ithuba lokusebenzisa ilungelo lokuxoshwa futhi ukuqoqa kuwe noma inkampani yakho yomshuwalense zonke izindleko ezithathwe nguye. Uma imoto yakho ingaqinisekisiwe, kungaba kuhle ukucela usizo kummeli.

Kusho ukuthini ukuxoshwa?

Ngenhla sazama ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukukhishwa kwe-subrogation. Ngomshuwalense kukhona into enjengokuthi "ilungelo lokuxoshwa". Kusho ukuthini? Leli lungelo (ukuxhaswa kwe-insurer) kuvela ngemuva kokuba inkampani ikhokhele isinxephezelo somshuwalense. Kuze kube mzuzu, akanalo ilungelo elinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenani elingaphezu kwenani lokukhokha elenziwe, umshwalense akakwazi ukufaka isicelo. Kusadingeka ukhumbule ukuthi inkampani yomshuwalense idlula ilungelo lokufuna lokho okushiwo isisulu (inshuwalense) ngesikhathi somonakalo kuye. Ngamanye amazwi, ukwehliswa kwempahla kuthathwa ngokucabangela. Isibonelo, uma iminyaka yemoto ineminyaka engu-10 ubudala futhi ngesikhathi sokulungisa izidakamizwa ezindala ezithathelisiwe zithathelwe indawo ezintsha, khona-ke kusukela kumphumela wengozi kungenzeka ukuba ufune isinxephezelo sezindleko hhayi izindleko ezigcwele zokulungiswa, kodwa kuphela izindleko zezingxenye ezisele ezingasetshenziswa futhi kufanele zithathwe esikhundleni ngenxa yalokho okwenzekile Ingozi. Ngakho-ke, umshuwalense, kanye nomuntu omele, angadinga isinxephezelo sezindleko ngokucatshangelwa ukwehla kwenani le-insured.

Ingabe ikhona umehluko onelungelo lokumiswa ngaphansi kwesokudla ukuya kwesigatshana?

Ngempela, imibono ye "ilungelo lokumiswa" kanye "nelungelo lokuncishiswa" alifani. Zihlukana komunye nomunye ngendlela efanayo nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomshuwalense.

Iphuzu liwukuthi inqubo yokusebenzisa ilungelo lokuxoshwa iqukethe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esigabeni sokuqala, umshuwalense uthatha izinyathelo ezizoholela ekukhuleni kwamalungelo okuxoshwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, inkampani yomshuwalense idinga kuphela ukuhlinzeka into efanelekile enkonzweni.

Esigabeni sesibili kukhona ukuqonda okusebenzayo kwelungelo lokunciphisa, okuvela kuphela ngemva kokukhokha isinxephezelo kumzuzi. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, leli lungelo linge-insured. Ngakho-ke, ilungelo lokuxoshwa, okuvela ngesikhathi sokusayina ngumshwalense kanye nomzuzi wenkontileka, kusukela kwesokudla kuya kwesigatshana, okuvela ngemuva kokukhokhwa kwemali ephelele yesinxephezelo sokulahlekelwa, kufanele kuvezwe ngokucacile.

Ukuzithoba kanye nelungelo lezenzo zokulawula

Emthethweni waseRashiya, ngaphezu kombono wokugodla, kunomunye ukwakhiwa komthetho ofanayo, owaziwa njengelilungelo lokumangalelwa okuphindaphindiwe, okushiwo ku-Article 14 ye-OSAGO Law. Ukufana kwalezi zici ezimbili kulandela lokhu:

• Okokuqala, ukuxoshwa komthetho kuyilungelo eligcwalisa umsebenzi wezemfundo, okuwukuthi ukubeka icala lomuntu kumuntu obangele ukulimala kwempahla. Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana nemfuneko yokuthola umshwalense.
• Okwesibili, kokubili ukukhishwa kwesigatshana nokuhlukunyezwa kubandakanye amaqembu amathathu - isisulu (inshuwalense), lowo obangela ingozi, kanye neqembu elibuyisela umonakalo (umshwalense).

Kodwa-ke, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-subrogation nokuvuselela, okuqukethe ukuthi ngaphansi kwe-subrogation isibopho esisha asivuki, futhi uma ukuhlukunyezwa - ngokuphambene nalokho.

Ingabe kukhona ukukhawulelwa kokususwa kwe-subrogation?

Yiqiniso, futhi sekuyiminyaka emithathu, ukuqala ngokushesha kusukela esikhathini lapho umonakalo owenziwe khona. Ngenxa yokungazi umthetho, abantu abaningi bathola esimweni esicindezelekile futhi bakhokhela kabili umonakalo. Isibonelo, ngokushesha ngemuva kwengozi owacasulayo, uyavumelana neqembu elimele ukulibuyisela umonakalo endaweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akuzange kwenzeke kuwe ukufuna iresidi mayelana nokudluliswa kwemali. Noma kunjalo, kubonakala kuncane isisulu esingenalutho salokhu. Uphendukela enkampanini yakhe yomshuwalense, uhlala ethule mayelana nelungiselelo lakho, futhi uthola inkokhelo yomshuwalense. Ngokwemvelo, emva kwalokhu, lo mshwalense uyakunxusa. Uma enkantolo awukwazi ukwethula irisidi, inkantolo iyobusa ngokuvumelana nenkampani yomshuwalense.

Kodwa labo banshuwalense ngokwabo abenzi njalo ngokwethembeka nangokomthetho. Ukwazi ngesimiso sokulinganiselwa, bangakwazi ukuzama ukusola ngethemba lokuthi awunazi mayelana nesenzo seminyaka emithathu yalesi sikweletu. Futhi ngempela, uma ungazi ngalokhu, inkantolo ingase ikulahleke.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomshuwalense ongakhulunywa ngazo, okusho ukuguqulwa kwamagama?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ilungelo lokuxoshwa livela kuphela ngesisekelo senkontileka yomshuwalense wendawo. Kumshuwalense womuntu siqu (impilo, impilo yomuntu) ayisebenzi.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya indaba yocansi, kuyadingeka ukuqaphela izinhlobo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko zomshuwalense: OSAGO, CASCO, DSAGO.

Qaphela! Yazi amalungelo akho futhi unganqikazi ukuwavikela!