Ukugonywa uvendle: engemihle. Lapho ukwenza zigonyelwe uvendle?

Ukugonywa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba abazali imibuzo eminingi, izimpikiswano nakho. Ukugonywa uvendle, imiphumela emibi ezingasetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi kubangele izinkinga ingane, ihamba uhlu imigomo edingekayo kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Ngemva isifo esiyingozi kuthinta Izinzwa, okubangela ukukhubazeka kanye nezinye izinguquko eziyingozi emzimbeni.

Kuyini uvendle

Uvendle kuyinto ukukhubazeka umgogodla ezinganeni. Uma igciwane emzimbeni kanye nemiphumela yayo mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokusiza kwenzeka grey endabeni emgogodleni ngenxa ukukhubazeka elikhulayo imisipha, izinzwa ezingaphezu ngaphansi kwethonya igciwane. Vimbela leli sifo kuphela zigonyelwe uvendle. Lapho ukwenza lokugoma, ingane kumele ngingekho, yisiphi isifo zokuphefumula kanye exacerbation izifo ezingamahlalakhona.

Lesi sifo kungavuka the kusulwe noma covertly (ngaphandle izimpawu), ngakho ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ngempela ukukhomba. uvendle Iningi kuvamile ezinganeni ezineminyaka ezingu-6 kuya eminyakeni emi-5. Ngalesi ubudala, umntwana usuke kumatima, ngakho ingozi yesifo luyanda kakhulu. Futhi uma ucabangela ukuthi uvendle wadluliselwa amaconsi sisemoyeni, singaphetha ngokuthini: bangakwazi sabanjwa endaweni ezingalindelekile neze.

Yingakho-ke ngokugoma kudingekile uvendle. Ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo yokugoma iye njalo asekelwe eziningi abazali. Thola ngezici ezinhle nezimbi yokugoma kungenzeka kulesi sihloko.

Uvendle igciwane oluyingozi oqine amathonya zangaphandle. Kungaba abaphikelela imikhiqizo yobisi, amanzi kanye sezinyawo sikhatsi lesingaba tinyanga letisitfupha. Yingakho ngo-zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, lesi sifo isibe umqedazwe.

igciwane lwegciwane

I-ejenti causative of poliomyelitis libhekisela amagciwane womndeni picornaviruses futhi enteroviruses iqembu (amagciwane lapho lande esiswini). Kukhona ngesimo nesigqi ezimele ezintathu. Zonke lezi zamagciwane ngokuvamile iqukethe imithi yokugomela uvendle. nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni ngeke ukulimaza impilo yengane.

Igciwane kuyinto RNA owodwa balahleke encapsulated endaweni igobolondo amaprotheni ne iinthombe lipids. Alithintwa okuthonywa nayizimo zendawo, amelana umnkantsha, kodwa uma abilisiwe ngokushesha uyafa. Ngemuva kokungena liphindaphindeke umzimba e amalaka, amathumbu bese ushaya grey endabeni emgogodleni, okubangela ukubhujiswa Izinzwa futhi yoma ijwabu kwemisipha.

izimpawu uvendle

Isikhathi ukunquma ukuthi ingane kungase ngezimpawu isifo esigabeni sokuqala. Ngokuvamile, kuba:

• umkhuhlane;
• izinkinga zesisu;
• izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla;
• ukukhathala umzimba;
• okuvela nokuquleka.

Uma ingane engakaze zigonywe, esigabeni sokuqala ngokushesha sihamba kwelesibili, futhi kukhona ukukhubazeka kanye paresis, isebenze imisipha izitho zomzimba nemisipha deltoid. Ngaphansi ngokuvamile singenzeka ukukhubazeka unyakazise imisipha yobuso, entanyeni esifubeni. Gwema kungenzeka ukungcoliswa uvumele yokugoma uvendle. Izibuyekezo zomuthi ingasetshenziswa ngempela ukukufunda ngokuningiliziwe kwi-inthanethi.

Ukuvikela ingane yakho isifo esiyingozi kanjalo, kungcono ukuba bagome kusengaphambili yibo bonke amagciwane ezintathu ezibangela uvendle. Uma kungenjalo, uma imisipha diaphragm ukukhubazeka mhlawumbe ebulalayo.

Uyini umgomo uvendle

Vaccine kusho uqobo esasikhipha ukuze ngokuqinile attenuated noma abafa igciwane, kanjalo ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba nesifo. Ngokuzalanisa igciwane eyoqala ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba egazini, futhi emva kwesikhathi esithile ukuletha ngokuphelele emzimbeni, kulokhu izingane ziyoba okuthiwa "yokwenziwa" ukugoma.

Isenzo zigonyelwe uvendle kuncike ngqo endaweni yethula. Hlukanisa emkhatsini yetemlomo futhi inactivated komjovo. umuthi wokugoma ophuzwayo is aconsa ngqo umlomo wengane, ngakho-ke kungcono, kodwa kunganikeza kanye nezinkinga.

Njengoba igciwane zemvelo esandisa e ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, umuthi wokugoma ophuzwayo ngokwazisa bayoba nesandla ekwakheni amasosha omzimba enamandla uvendle.

wokugoma Inactivated iqondiswa ngomjovo futhi lingaphansi eyingozi umzimba wengane. Bobabili izidakamizwa aqukethe nesigqi ezintathu ezaziwayo igciwane, ngakho lokugoma ivikela ngokugcwele ingane kusukela kungenzeka yokuthola uvendle.

lapho lokugoma

Endabeni yokunakekela impilo isinyathelo uhlelo oluthile yokugoma kwezingane:

• 3 izinyanga olwenziwa ekuphathweni lokuqala wokugoma inactivated (IPV);
• izinyanga 4.5 - i-IPV wesibili kwetfulwa;
• izinyanga 6 - IPV lwesithathu;
• izinyanga ezingu-18 olwenziwa okuphindaphindiwe booster ekuphathweni ne umuthi wokugoma ophuzwayo (OPV);
• ngezinyanga ezingu-20 - yesibili booster umthamo OPV;
• yilona lokugoma zokugcina uvendle eminyakeni 14.

Lapho senza konke komjovo ngokwesimiso sansuku, ingane ekhiqizwa ubufakazi amasosha omzimba impilo yonke yilesi sifo. Ezimweni lapho isheduli yokugoma iphuliwe, udinga banakekele ukulawula ngabanye kanye nokwethulwa ngesikhathi esifanele izidakamizwa ukuze kuvikelwe ingane yakho ezifweni eziyingozi. Ukuqhuba lokugoma efanele iyoba ingane amasosha omzimba ukuphila kwethu konke.

Bangaki uvendle imigomo okufanele kwenziwe, ungafunda ngokuqondile udokotela noma bayihlole le ndaba ngosizo izincwadi ezikhethekile.

Lapho iqondiswa wokugoma uvendle

Ukwethulwa umgomo uvendle has izici zayo siqu. Umgomo bukhoma iqondiswa ngomlomo - uketshezi Pinkish kufanele iconsa izingane kule lymphoid we pharynx, wokugoma izingane ezindala uyekiswe ku amalaka LasePalatine. Lokhu kungenxa ukuvimbela nokugxaza amathe, kusukela ekutholeni ukuthi umgomo esiswini iwukudambisa wesenzo (ngaphansi kwethonya juice esiswini libhujiswa).

Nakani! Uma ingane amathe phezulu, umuthi wokugoma inqubo umjovo kumele okuphindaphindiwe.

yokugoma Inactivated iphathwa intramuscularly ku izingane endaweni senyonga noma phansi kwesikhumba endaweni ehlombe. Izingane ezindadlana umgomo iqondiswa ujove esicutshini endaweni ehlombe.

Ukugonywa uvendle: i ngokumelene lihambisana wokugoma DTP

DTP Kwenziwa ukuvikela ingane ngokumelene ukukhwehlela whooping, idiphtheria nomhlathi-ngqi. Ezikhungweni zethu zokwelapha ngokuvamile DTaP futhi IPV eniyenzayo ndawonye. Umgomo kungenzeka iphathwe izidakamizwa ezimbili ezihlukene noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, izidakamizwa ezifana "Infariks Gösta" futhi "Pentaxim".

Ungakhathazeki ukuthi inhlanganisela IPV ne DTP kuzokwenza yezinkinga ngaphezu yokugoma uvendle. Imiphumela engemihle lokhu inhlanganisela yemithi akuyona iyakhula futhi ngokuvamile engekho ngokuphelele.

Immunology okuye kungase kutholakale ukuthi co-nokuphathwa wokugoma ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa a amasosha omzimba ingane nemithi ngokushesha zonke izifo. Kodwa naye lowo muntu engcono bonana nodokotela wakho ngalolu daba, kusukela DPT Kulukhuni umzimba, futhi kwezinye izimo, umgomo kungcono hhayi sihlanganise. Lapho yokugoma ingane enempilo azikho izinkinga.

Yini imithi asetshenziselwa yokugoma

izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi noma monovalent ingasetshenziswa ukuba bagome ingane. Phakathi monovalent inactivated yokugoma ezweni ethu adumile:

• "Polioriks" - ekhiqizwa eFrance. Ngo ngezithako zawo it has zonke nesigqi ezintathu igciwane, umphumela omnene emzimbeni wengane, okubangela ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba kanye kumiswa ezinzile amasosha omzimba. Ingasetshenziselwa izinsana attenuated, ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ezacile, futhi kuhlangene nezinye imigomo.
• "Imovaks uvendle" - ezenziwe eBelgium. Umuthi fanekiso ngokuphelele "Polioriksu" kokubili ukwakheka kanye lo mshini imiphumela emzimbeni.

Ukuze uthole umntwana lo zingalulonda kuphela ngokumelene isifo ngokugoma ngokumelene poliomyelitis. Izibuyekezo abazali odokotela ngakho ingxenye enkulu ubuhle bodwa kuyo. Ukutshela iqiniso, kungaba ngokuthi inqubo esindisa impilo. A wezingane kuhambisana izincomo imiphumela emibi okuncane kanye ephephile ezempilo womntwana.

Ukuze yokugoma eziyinkimbinkimbi asetshenziswa:

• "Pentaxim" - ekhiqizwa eFrance. Kuthathwa okungcono yokugoma Kuye kwakhiqizwa ukuzihlambulula okuyisiko okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ivikela ezifweni ezinhlanu (DPT, Hib, uvendle).
• "Tetrakok" - ekhiqizwa eFrance. Inikeza DTP oluphelele wabulala pertussis igciwane. Umuthi kuphephile umzimba wengane, ngoba iqukethe ukuqukatha uyakulondoloza - thimerosal.
• "Infanrix Gest" - ezenziwe eBelgium. Ingabe i Analogue of "Pentaksima", umehluko kuphela ukuthi umgomo pertussis imelelwa amagciwane ezimbili kuphela (e "Pentaksime" bobathathu), ngakho umthelela umgomo emzimbeni nzima.

Umgomo bukhoma, iqondiswa ngomlomo, alisetshenziswa, futhi ngenxa yalokho akubona eYurophu. wokugoma Phila ekhiqizwa eRussia, yakhiwa isimame (magnesium chloride), kanye nesigqi ezintathu ezaziwayo igciwane. Ukugonywa uvendle, imiphumela emibi okungase kuholele ekubeni uthunyelelwe ukuthuthukiswa uvendle wokugoma-ezihambisana kudinga umthwalo phezu ingxenye udokotela nabazali ngesikhathi imigomo womntwana.

Indlela ukulungiselela ingane yakho yokugoma

Ngaphambi ukwethulwa igciwane bukhoma, ingane kufanele lihlolwe isazi sezifo zezingane lapho ukuthi kuyonqunywa kungaba ngokuqondile ngalesi sikhathi ukuze agonywe. Akuvunyelwe ukuba bagome ingane ohlala endlini okufanayo okhulelweyo, uma ongakayeki zigonywe.

Okubalulekile! Ukugonywa uvendle ezinganeni ethola izidakamizwa immunosuppressive noma ngubani abe azalwa naso wokugaya ukudla ukuthuthukiswa pheshana, akuvunyelwe nakancane.

Futhi banake imiphumela imigomo odlule - abangu yini imiphumela emibi futhi kanjani ageleze posleprivivochny isikhathi.

Ngemva ukwethulwa umuthi wokugoma ophuzwayo kungakapheli amahora ingane akufanele inikezwe ukuphuza noma adle, kulesi simo, umgomo uyobhujiswa futhi ngeke abe nomthelela ekwakhekeni amasosha omzimba engane okwakha uvendle.

Ukugonywa uvendle: side effects kanye eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni

Phakathi esifike ngesikhathi futhi efanele lokugoma side effects zenzeka kuyaqabukela futhi onganakiwe. Kungaba:

• ubuthakathaka jikelele zomzimba;
• ukukhuphuka okuncane nje kwamazinga okushisa umzimba;
• ububomvu nokuvuvukala okuncane endaweni inoculation.

Izimpawu emva yokugoma uvendle avele, ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kudlule ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukwethulwa wokugoma bukhoma, ingane ingase ukuthuthukisa poliomyelitis wokugoma-okuhlobene. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi imiphumela enjalo esuka yokugoma kwenzeke kuphela uma immunodeficiency wengane azalwa naso, noma kombungu ka ipheshana yesisu ebukhoneni AIDS womuntu. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo yokugoma uvendle iphephile.

Izimo yokugoma ngokumelene poliomyelitis

Ukwethulwa bukhoma yokugoma temlomo avinjelwa ngokuqinile ku:

• khona kwesikhala sezinhlamvu
• iziyaluyalu zezinzwa (ikakhulukazi kubangelwa lokugoma odlule);
• exacerbation izifo ezingelapheki noma khona isifo oyingozi;
• immunodeficiencies (AIDS, i-HIV).

Ukugonywa kuyadingeka kuzo zonke ingane, kodwa ngenxa izici zayo ezithile. Ngesikhathi ibele noma abesifazane abakhulelwe zingagonywa uvendle, uma kukhona isidingo esinjalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukwenza lokugoma uvendle enganeni yakho, njalo umzali enquma ngokuzimela. Kodwa kungcono kanjani ukunqoba ukwesaba zabo futhi uvikele ingane yakho kusukela lesi sifo esiyingozi ngokugoma ngesikhathi esifanele.