Wokugoma Phila: incazelo, izinhlobo, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa

Dala amasosha omzimba asebenzayo ezifweni ezithile sina kusiza ngokugoma. Okwamanje, le ndlela yaziwa njengenye ephumelela kunazo ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa pathologies ezehlukene ukutheleleka esindayo, amagciwane kanye nemvelo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Umgomo bukhoma kusiza ukwakha ukungatheleleki obuhlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ifomu amalungiselelo yokugoma anezinye ngebuhle nebubi ngawo ngamunye kumele nabo.

Yiziphi wokugoma bukhoma?

Ukwakha yokugoma bukhoma isicelo zamagciwane attenuated eziphilayo pathogenic okuyinto ukuqala ukwanda endaweni umjovo. Izindlela ezinjalo ukugcina ngokugcwele izakhiwo zabo immunogenic. ukubonakaliswa Clinical we yokugoma isifo nge yokugoma bukhoma akuyona (ezimweni eziningi). Lesifo wokugoma kuholela ekwakhekeni azinzile izivikeli mzimba: i humoral, amaselula kanye secretory.

Thola buthaka (attenuated) zamagciwane kungenzeka kubangelwa inactivation ka isakhi obangela virulence we silwanyana. Ukuze inactivation usebenzisa imiphumela zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba. yokugoma abaningi bukhoma akhiqizwa ifomu eyomile. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yabo eshalofini. Omisiwe yokugoma bukhoma zingagcinwa izinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-12 ezingeni lokushisa okunikeziwe (2-8 ° C). Ngezinye izikhathi kwanele ukwethula isidakamizwa esisodwa ukwakha ukungatheleleki eziphikelelayo.

A ezihlukahlukene yokugoma bukhoma wokugoma etshiyeneyo. Ngo womshini zabo besebenzisa nezilwanyana ezincane okuyinto zihlobene kakhulu ukutheleleka Amagciwane, kodwa hhayi abangela izifo. Isibonelo wokugoma ezinjalo - BCG, it is etholwe kusuka sezinkomo sofuba mycobacteria.

izinzuzo

Kuqhathaniswa yokugoma non-eziphilayo, izidakamizwa kanye namagciwane ayingozi zamagciwane attenuated kunezimo eziningana ezisivunayo:

• Umthamo ubuncane zomuthi.
• ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha amasosha omzimba.
• Ukuba nezindlela ezahlukene ethula ku umzimba.
• Ubuningi immunogenicity zemvelo.
• ukusebenza kahle High (uma isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele).
• eziphansi.
• Awekho amalungu nezivimbelakuvunda.
• Ukwenza kusebenze zonke izinhlobo amasosha omzimba.

I yokuntula yokugoma bukhoma

Ochwepheshe bezifo attenuated zakulezi nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic ukuthi zisetshenziselwa ukwakha yokugoma ukuthi kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo (akuvamile kwenzeka). Lokhu kuthiwa kubangelwa khona e isiguli kahle amasosha omzimba.

Umgomo bukhoma kakhulu sensitive okushisa. Ngakho-ke, ekusabeleni okungekuhle umzimba cishe ngenakugwemeka uma ukunganaki senziwe isitoreji ilungile futhi zokuthutha zomuthi. Futhi spoilt ngakho umgomo ungalahlekelwa ngokuphelele ikhono lazo azibangelwa nhlobo ukuphendula umzimba.

Odokotela batusa ukuba ugweme ngokuhlanganisa wokugoma bukhoma neminye imithi ukuze ngokuxhunyelelwa. Uma kungenjalo, ungase ukuthuthukisa ukusabela ezingezinhle umzimba noma i-ejenti uzolahlekelwa ekulenzeni libe namandla.

Umgomo bukhoma uvendle

Sinzima lezifo ezithathelwanayo uvendle, othinta asebuchosheni nomgogodla. I zokugula kuholela ukulimala kwenzwa nokukhubazeka. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, wokugoma bukhoma (OPV) yasungulwa ososayensi, bakwazi ukuvikela isintu yilesi sifo esesabekayo.

Izindlela etholakalayo ewuketshezi futhi senzelwe abaphathi ngomlomo. It has a ukunambitheka okumunyu-okunosawoti, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi landfill belulekwa ukuba zigweme ukuthintana izidakamizwa olimini. Umuthi kumele aye amygdala (azikho okuzwa ukudla), oqala kumiswa ezinzile amasosha omzimba. Zigonywe nge wokugoma bukhoma Kunconywa emva usebenzisa inactivated.

Ngokusho Izibuyekezo immunologists wokugoma iqukethe zonke izinhlobo ezintathu uvendle, esiza ukuvikela umzimba ekulweni zonke ukuhlukahluka eyaziwa yalesi sifo. Izinkinga imithi kuyinto evamile. Nokho, abazali abaningi zama ukugwema ukugoma ingane nale wokugoma.

Isebenza kanjani?

Sabin wokugoma (OPV) emva engena emzimbeni egcinwe unomphela emathunjini bese kubangela ukwakheka amasosha omzimba, njengalena angathathwa esavela ngemva isifo. Wokugoma wokuqala wenziwa eneminyaka engu-6 izinyanga. Oku-izingane zigonywe nge umjovo inactivated kabili - ezinyangeni ezingu-3 kanye 4.5. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele uqale akhiqiza amasosha omzimba ayakwazi ngokuqaphela ukuvikela umzimba ekulweni pathogen. Phila wokugoma uvendle ezizokhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana interferon, nakho kuye kwaba nomphumela omuhle esimisweni sokuzivikela.

Izibuyekezo

Phakathi nocwaningo kwatholakala ukuthi okuningi ngokuyimpumelelo inactivated wokugoma OPV. Odokotela batusa saziso kudlule uhlelo egcwele ukugoma uvendle kanye nesidingo ukusebenzisa bukhoma wokugoma attenuated. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abazali ekujaheni ukuze uvumelane ukusetshenziswa kwalesi izidakamizwa. Lokhu kungenxa ingozi nemiphumela engathandeki yalawo maphilisi: uvendle wokugoma-ezihambisana, imfiva, uphatheke kabi esihlalweni sakhe, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, Gait ngesiphazamiso.

Yiqiniso, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokugoma bukhoma kungase kumkhathaze ukusabela ezingezinhle. Nokho, izimo ezinjalo kuyaqabukela kulotshwe. Kungenziwa abantwana abazalwa nge immunodeficiency, kwezinso azalwa naso yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini abathintekayo noma oke buthakathaka isimiso sokuzivikela, isibonelo hlupheka yokugula okunzima. Kulezi zimo, bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa kuphela umjovo inactivated.

Indlela yokuvikela yokulwa nesimungumungwane?

Isimungumungwane singadala ukuthi isifo esithathelanayo kakhulu, okungaba batheleleke nge yimuphi umuntu kungakhathaliseki ubulili nobudala. Ngiseyingane, lo zokugula idluliswe lula kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba bayophila wokugoma nesimungumungwana. wokugoma Single-ingxenye ekhiqizwa ngumkhiqizi yasekhaya. Futhi ngempumelelo kubhekwa wokugoma Indian ezenziwe.

Kusho akhiqizwa ngendlela impuphu, okuyinto buhlanjululwe kuphela ekhethekile. lokugoma Ready zingagcinwa akukho isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora. Ukugoma nge wokugoma monovalent evimbela ukutheleleka lesi sifo, noma ulithumele ngendlela elula.

Kuhlelwe lokugoma eyinhloko libonisa eneminyaka engu-izinyanga 12-14. Phinda ufake umgomo kumele ube neminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Kukhona kungenzeka umuntu inoculation schedule, okumele wenze immunologist.

Izimo kanye nezinkinga

Njalo ukusabela nokuphathwa bukhoma wokugoma isimungumungwane kukhona izimpawu ezifana imfiva, ukuqubuka, ukuvuvukala lymph node, ukukhwehlela. Izazi zithi lokhu ngempela evamile.

Ezinganeni, lezi zimpawu yilezi olungavamile. Ngokuyinhloko, ukwethulwa bukhoma wokugoma isimungumungwane is kahle ibekezelelwe. Ngaphambi yokugoma kuyadingeka, udokotela bahlola ingane (isiguli esingumuntu omdala) futhi wakulahla khona Izimo (unomphela futhi yesikhashana). Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ngamunye ukuthi uzokwenzani kufanelekile ngokugcwele. Umgomo akuvunyelwe ukungena abesifazane e isikhundla abantu abanomlando isifo sofuba, kanye yobunzima obabangelwa wokugoma odlule.

Ukugonywa ngokumelene rubella

isifo Enye yezingane, okuyinto okunzima ngempela ukuba baphathe omdala rubella. Umgomo (bukhoma) kubhekwa indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. A ethile ingozi zokugula ekhulelwe.

wokugoma Phila (owodwa-ingxenye) akhiqizwa ochwepheshe Croatian, isiFulentshi futhi Indian. Ngokusho ngempendulo side effects ngokuvamile zenzeka abadala ababekwa zigonywe wokugoma attenuated. A ukwanda kancane ama-lymph node, ubuthakathaka, imfiva, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba ziye oba ngosuku lwesibili.

Abantu othambekele okuvela nemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu nomzimba, kutuswa ukuba ochwepheshe ngemva kokuphathwa abaqondiswa.