Tower Bridge - London esangweni kanye umhlobiso esemqoka yedolobha

Ngisho nalabo abaye ayikaze eNgilandi, funda Tower Bridge ngokushesha. Yena - uhlobo uhlamvu British. Unyaka ngamunye uma sekusondele ukuba ibhuloho futhi izithombe izinkulungwane zezivakashi bukela njengoba iflothi ngaphansi enkantolo. Futhi ebusuku, ikhanga amakhulu izibani zivutha, okuyinto ziyabonakala emanzini.

Likuphi Tower Bridge

Izwe lokhu izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibabazekayo - United Kingdom of Great Britain ne- Northern Ireland. Yena ihlobise mbuso inhlokodolobha - London. Lokhu Ibhuloho eliphakanyiswayo elingena itholakala khona kanye enkabeni yedolobha phezu UMfula iThames.

Ngokuvamile, amabhuloho - kungcono London ezikhangayo: Tower Bridge, Waterloo, London, Millennium, sesitimela Ibhuloho Cannon Street Westminster (eduze uBig Ben). Noma kunjalo, ababaluleke kunabo bonke uphawu komuzi - kungcono Tower. Yena - ibhizinisi ikhadi efanayo e-London njengoba le-Eiffel Tower eParis noma Statue of Liberty e Ny City. Ukubona lokhu bridge ngakho lihlotshaniswa inhloko-dolobha yase-UK, kubonakala ngisho kuyinsakavukela. Noma kunjalo, ubuhle baso nobukhali amafomu ngokuphindaphindiwe ezikushiya ukhexile zezivakashi.

Lapho benza igama

History of the Tower Bridge zithandelana itholakala eduze kwalo Tower of London - indawo lapho iziboshwa igcinwe. Ngaphambili, kuze 1872, enkabeni yedolobha Lingenye yezindikimba iLondon Bridge, kunalokho benana a phezu UMfula iThames. Iziphathimandla eLondon nganquma ukuthi akwanele ukusetshenziswa ezisemadolobheni. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka wathi, iPalamende yokutholwa isinqumo yini ukwakha izakhiwo ezintsha. Phela, lo Usigaxamabhande ka-Tower of London sasimelene ukwakhiwa, kodwa iPhalamende uThandeka esemi ngezinyawo. Kwanqunywa ukuba ibhuloho elandelayo izakhiwo kumele ufane ngempumelelo nge ejele. Kulapho eqinile Tower Bridge.

igama layo, wathola kusukela Tower of London. Ukuphela esenyakatho kwebhuloho laliseduze nje ekhoneni wetilongo. Umgwaqo, okuyinto phambili kwebhuloho siphela parallel odongeni Tower. Ngakho kuqala, ngubani banqamula leli bhuloho, wayengeyena aristocrats London nokuboshwa.

UMdali kwebhuloho

Ebusika 1876, iziphathimandla e-London yamemezela umncintiswano iphrojekthi best of kwebhuloho kuleli dolobha. Ukuze iphrojekthi yafakwa embukisweni nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• kwebhuloho kwadingeka ukuba okusezingeni eliphezulu kudlule ngaphansi kwakungase ngomkhumbi;
• ukwakhiwa kwadingeka ukuba aqine futhi ububanzi ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza njalo nezinqola nabantu.

Amahlanu amaphrojekthi ezithakazelisayo okuphakanyiswe. Iningi lazo ukunikela okusezingeni eliphezulu amabhuloho nobubanzi besandla. Kodwa onke amaphrojekthi bebelokhu amaphutha ezimbili ezivamile: phakathi kwamanzi futhi kwebhuloho amanzi ephakeme kwaba ibanga elincane kakhulu ukuba imikhumbi zingase zidlulisele, kodwa kuyanda kuso - emaweni kakhulu amahhashi ukudonsa le nqola. Architects linikeza ongakhetha nge ephakamisa ngamakheshi wokubacindezela abantu nezinqola nge onezitezi beya futhi izingxenye isiyingi.

Kodwa enengqondo kunazo izinketho wayebhekwa njengomuntu nomklami oyinhloko iphrojekthi yaseLondon - Mnumzane uHorace Jones. Wasikisela ezilandelwayo bese uyadedela phansi kwebhuloho.

Le phrojekthi engavamile

Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho bakha Tower Bridge, drawbridges Kwase kuyisikhathi eside ngilithanda isimangaliso. Basuke kabanzi Petersburg, eNetherlands nakwamanye amazwe. Kodwa isici Tower Bridge kwaba nesimiso sakhe eziyinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe. Akukho ndawo emhlabeni njengoba ngezinga elikhulu engakaze hydraulics isicelo. Petersburg ngesikhathi ngenxa amabhuloho esetshenziswa lomtshikatshika abasebenzi, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi indawo yabo yathathwa umsebenzi amanzi abaphehla ugesi. Ngesicelo zikamasipala waleyo ibhuloho wayeklanyelwe isitayela Gothic. Ngezansi likwazi ukuhlukaniseka kalula ukudlula ngisho nezitsha olwandle omkhulu.

Isici se-Tower Bridge kwaba counterweight evumela ukuklanywa ephakanyiswe ngaphandle. Esikhathini ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo Kwakuhlelwe inhlanganisela wokwakha ngensimbi isakhiwo.

Nokho, naphezu izinzuzo ezisobala imibono, amandla uyephuza isinqumo ukwamukelwa yayo. Khona-ke Jones eladonsa unjiniyela abadumile John Vulfa Barri, futhi ndawonye baqhubeka ngcono ke. Ngakho, indaba emfushane entsha, iTower Bridge kwakuwukunciphisa zokuhamba engenhla. Futhi iphrojekthi sivunyiwe.

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa kanye izinguquko lokuqala

Ukuze ngilethe iphrojekthi ibe ngokoqobo, uhulumeni ubeke eceleni isamba omkhulu ngesikhathi - £ 585.000. Onjiniyela baye ngokuzumayo yaphenduka abantu abacebile kakhulu.

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa seluqaliwe ngo-1886. Futhi konke kuqala wayehamba ngokohlelo. Kodwa entwasahlobo ka-1887, ngisho nangaphambi baqala ukubeka isisekelo kwebhuloho, wafa ngokuzumayo ikhanda yephrojekthi - Jones. Kwaba buhlungu eqinile kumlingani wakhe unjiniyela, Barry ukwakhiwa ngesikhathi olungalé beluyokuba iqhwa.

Barry ke namanje ephethwe iphrojekthi wathatha nomsizi wakhe wezakhiwo George. Stephenson. Kugcine fed abanothando enkulu ubuciko Gothic kwenkathi uVictoria, okuyinto kakhulu abathintekayo yephrojekthi. Njengoba sekunama-Stephenson Tower Bridge usebhekene izinguquko eziningi zendlela yokubhala. Steel amafomu kwebhuloho babe obala, njengoba lalinjalo umoya izikhathi. Kwakukhona zakhiwo ezimbili ezidumile zixhunywe baqaphelisisa izindimana abahamba ngezinyawo endaweni engamamitha 42 amamitha ngaphezu komfula.

Ukuvulwa kwebhuloho nendlela okusebenza

London Tower Bridge yaqalwa ngo-1886, futhi uqede emva kweminyaka 8. ukutholakala kwakhe laliyisenzakalo onesizotha, eyaqala ngo-June 1894. Lo mkhosi ubuhanjelwe yena iPrince of Wales nomkakhe Alexandra.

umsebenzi ibhuloho egxile ngokuphelele umusi izinjini ukuthi uphendukisa amaphampu omkhulu. Lezi zakhiwo ukukhiqiza umfutho ophakeme ohlelweni accumulator. Yikuphi, esikhundleni salokho, okugqugquzelwa motors, ujikeleze crankshafts. Torque sisuka kwamagiya shaft, okwakwenza ezihambayo wemboni toothed. Umkhakha unesibopho zizalela wamaphiko ibhuloho. ingxenye Kuphakanyisiwe kwaleli bhuloho babe omkhulu kakhulu, futhi enikeza umbono wokuthi phezu amagiya kuwumthwalo omkhulu. Nokho, akunjalo: kwamaphiko kwebhuloho abangu ukukhwezwa counterweights esindayo, okuyizinto kakhulu usizo wokubacindezela izinjini.

Ukuze ancibilikise amaphiko, semali amandla liyadingeka. Bese konke elinikeziwe. Izakhiwo indlela kuhlanganisa omkhulu eziyisithupha ibhethri lapho ngaphansi nengcindezi enamandla amanzi. Weza izinjini athweswe cala ngokusebenza izingxenye ezithathekayo ngayo leli bhuloho. Ngaphansi kwethonya amanzi eza izindlela ezehlukene zokwenza lokhu kunyakaza, futhi elikhulu ububanzi oluvala amasondo amabili izinyawo ekuqaleni ukujikisa, bephakamisa kuwebhu. Yonke inqubo yokuzalanisa kwebhuloho nje umzuzu owodwa!

ibhuloho namuhla

Tower Bridge namuhla siphela ngokuphelele ugesi. Nokho, njengasekuqaleni, lapho uqala ukunyakaza, konke yiqhwa futhi ngomdlandla ukubheka ezikhipha ku amaphiko emoyeni ngayo leli bhuloho. Khona-ke, amehlo ukhangwa emfuleni ezizungezile. Futhi kungaba isikebhe sifuna ukuzijabulisa noma nethonya, zonke ukubukela ngesithakazelo ludlula ngaphansi kwebhuloho.

Ezithakazelisa kakhulu uyasukuma kwelinye kwemibhoshongo, lapho kukhona Museum elalinikezelwe Tower Bridge. Kukhona ungafunda okuningi ngomlando walo, bheka izithombe ukwakhiwa, izakhiwo kanye izinhlelo. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukugibela labagibeli observation ukubona panorama engavamile, okuthakazelisayo futhi emangalisayo yedolobha kuvula kusuka lapho.

Ngakho uma uzithola eLondon, qiniseka ukuvakashela Tower Bridge.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Old London Bridge, wathenga ngo-1968 Robert Makkaloh - usomabhizinisi wase-United States. I labakhi adiliza bese uyiswa e-United States. Ngokusho yetinsita, lo somabhizinisi wazizwa ukuthi iLondon Bridge ubudala - lena Tower Bridge, iwuphawu Albion engaqondakali. Nokho, McCulloch usephikile esidlangalaleni ukuthi lokhu ngempela.

Tower Bridge - lena wobuciko, eyayihunyushwe wasebenza abaklami abanamakhono. Futhi lena enkulu izivakashi hhayi kuphela e-London kodwa phesheya UK iyonke.