Sharaf Rashidov: Biography, izithombe kanye nomndeni

Sharaf Rashidov ngaleyo minyaka engaba ikhulu ikota, eholwa iCommunist Party of Uzbekistan. Phakathi omtholayo ngamandla, lokhu republic Asia Ephakathi sihlangabezane zezimbali umnotho wayo namasiko lakhula ngokushesha. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wadala konke ukonakala kohlelo zokuphatha-umyalo nge flavour Uzbek esiyingqayizivele, abaholwa yiwo yethiwa Rashid.

Imvelaphi ebuntwaneni

Lapho eqala uhambo wakhe wokuphila Sharaf Rashidov? Umlando wakhe waqala ngo-1917 emzini Jizzakh. Ngokuvamile, njengoba kubikwa ukuthi wazalelwa emkhayeni ompofu. Kodwa naphakathi kwabakhileyo abangafundile edolobheni Jizzakh, ngalezo zinsuku, njenge-ngomzana, Rashidovs umndeni wama phandle ngoba propensity yayo imfundo: zonke ezinhlanu nezingane zakhe, kuhlanganise Sharaf, bafundelwa bendawo isikhathi eneminyaka eyisikhombisa. Kodwa kwaba phakathi 20s, izwe wahamba Basmachi igenge, igunya Islam, mullah wasekhaya kwakungenele okungahloliwe. Kodwa kubonakala sengathi labo, akulona ize, amaBolshevik wenza revolution zabo, uma ngisho ehlane obukhulu kubantu badonsekela ulwazi.

Youth neminyaka cwaningo

Ngemuva konyaka eziyisikhombisa-the Sharaf Rashidov ungaphakathi ukuqeqeshwa Esikoleni othisha '. iminyaka nesigamu yokutadisha kothisha, futhi ngezinye 18, waba uthisha esikoleni esiphakeme. Othisha angekho ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kubonakala efundisa wabo uthokoze kanye nabo, ashade futhi baphila 'njengabafokazi nxazonke, kodwa ubude umfana handsome ufuna okungaphezu kobungane. Waya Samarkand bese engena Faculty of State University.

Njengoba umfundi, Sharaf Rashidov ngezikhathi ubhala izinkondlo, ukubhala tindzaba letimfisha. Sicabanga ngalokho nabo iphephandaba lesifunda "indlela Leninsky". Ngemva kwesikhashana wayiswa isimo ukushicilelwa eyinhloko Samarkand. Kodwa journalism kuyadingeka ukuze uphazamisa kugqashuka impi.

Ukuhlanganyela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili

Ngo-November 1941, ngemva inkambo yashesha yokutadisha ngesikhathi Frunze Infantry School, isikhulu zezombusazwe junior Sharaf Rashidov ithunyelwa Kalinin Front. Akalokothi wasakazeka esidlule lakhe lempi. Namuhla siyabona ukuthi kungani. Kakade, imuphi Kalinin Front? Lokhu ngokuyinhloko onilwelayo ukuqedwa Rzhev ezimangalisayo, biennial ezinkulukazi inyama grinder, zabulala kuze kube amasosha aseSoviet kwesigidi futhi umgomo engakaze izuzwe.

Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich isikhulu zezombusazwe waklonyeliswa Order of Red Banner, futhi walimala ngo-1943, inqolobane njengoba engafanele aqhubeke.

umsebenzi party

oneminyaka engu-26 ubudala isikhulu zezombusazwe, osethathe umhlalaphansi, ubuyela Samarkand iphephandaba lwakubo. Ekupheleni kwe-40s wayengumuntu intatheli enegama, uzama bazithola umsebenzi wokubhala, kodwa izinkondlo zakhe nezindaba bebelokhu baziwa kahle. isiqalo sakhe ukuze uye wakwenza ukukhuthaza umugqa party. Okokuqala, uba usihlalo we the Writers 'Union of Uzbekistan. Yiqiniso, kwaba ehhovisi esimisiwe. Ukwabela kwakusho ukuba khona ukwethembela Rashidov e-Uzbekistan, futhi emibuthanweni ubuholi sobunye.

Ngokushesha umbhali oneminyaka engu-33 ubudala, waba Usihlalo KaHulumeni boPhezukonke oPhethe Uzbekistan. Ngo ezwe elaliyi-USSR, akekho zisencane ezinjengalesi lapho zisencane engayekanga sikhundla esiphakeme e takhiwo amandla.

Ngo-March 1959, ukwesula uthunyelwa uNobhala lokuqala iCommunist Party of Uzbekistan Sabir Kamalov. Ngesikhathi Rashidov kwaba kakade ujwayelene Nikitoy Hruschevym, futhi ngakwazi ukujabulela. Ngakho-ke, ngesiphakamiso kusuka eMoscow kuya okuthunyelwe zekhanda weRiphabhulikhi leKomiti Central we Uzbek Communist Party ikhetha ke bureau kuye.

Ehola Uzbekistan

Sharaf Rashidov, umsebenzi okuyinto sokuqala senzeka ngaphansi kweso elibukhali ubuholi nenyunyana mathupha Nikity Hruscheva, kwakubhekwa njengendlela yokusiza, kwamaqembu Uzbek non-bendabuko uyaphela eqondisa zamatshe amagatsha ahlukene umnotho, ezohwebo kanye umphakathi. Rashidov ngempela uye waba inqubomgomo izisebenzi olinganiselayo, hhayi uzungezwe isibonelo ngaphambili, izihlobo kanye bakubo, wazama khetha abantu zobuholi ngenxa yokufaneleka. Naphezu lula ngoba kubonakala sengathi kunokuthula namuhla futhi ubufakazi zalezi zimiso, kuyilapho e-Asia Ephakathi kwaba eseyintsha.

Rashidov njengoba ubuso eMpumalanga Soviet

Young (wayengumuntu ngokulambisa iminyaka 42 ubudala), efundile ezikhangayo ukubukeka ikhanda kweSoviet republic Muslim kahle ayehlukile kuzo eziningi ozakwabo - nosaziwayo party. It is baziswa eMoscow. Ilungu le Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee Artem Mikoyan, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukusungula elala emazweni aseMpumalanga, njalo abamenyiwe Rashidov e uhambo lwabo kwezilwandle lapho beya eNdiya, Iran, e-Iraq. Kube Rashidovich Sharaf obekazana ins kanye nasemigwaqweni of the Inhlonipho wasempumalanga wawuluLwandle ekhaya. Ukuphendula Tashkent njalo wamanye amazwe kanye yomphakathi amathimba.

Ekwindla ka-1965 phakathi nasePakistan umngcele impi aphumelela, okuyinto siphakamisele ngokushesha ku ngokugcwele impi lapho izindiza kanye amathangi abangu kabanzi. Akekho amazwe aseNtshonalanga kuhlulekile ukuletha kwamaqembu alwayo etafuleni yezingxoxo. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela Rashidov, owahlela umhlangano e Tashkent abaholi amazwe amabili, okwaphumela ukusayinwa Tashkent Declaration, uqede le mpi. Nakuba ngokusemthethweni ezingxoxweni egameni eU.SSR iqhaza A. N. Kosygin, kwaba sobala ukuthi umnikelo eziyinhloko enhlanganweni lomhlangano wakwenza umholi Uzbekistan.

Rashidov futhi uBrezhnev

ubudlelwane obufudumele Ikakhulukazi baye basungula at Sharaf Rashidovich leonid uBrezhnev, esasithanda ukuza Tashkent futhi Ungakhohlwa ukusho izinzuzo Uzbek nabo kwi olandelayo umklomelo emcimbini. Rashidov uzama sokungafuni ukulahlekelwa isithunzi phambi uNobhala Jikelele, phela ubudlelwane uBrezhnev kwakuxhomeke izimali zamaprojekthi eziningi kazwelonke. Futhi izimali isikhungo phakathi republic aseSoviet kwaba umzabalazo ngempela. okuncintiswana main Uzbekistan kule emncintiswaneni kwaba Kazakhstan, enhloko yalo Kunayev abangane nge uBrezhnev kusukela esikhathini nendumezulu sentombi.

Rashidov ezazifunwa imali laseMoscow wakha imizi emisha. Eholwa lakhe republic uvele Uchkuduk, Navoi, Zarafshan. izitshalo okusha nezimayini nokucubungula kwamabhizinisi e Uzbekistan licishe ukusebenzisa ngonyaka.

Lapho Rashidov republic baba igolide. okwami Muruntau esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni Yakhiwa ukwenziwa igolide emgodini ovulekile. Namuhla, igolide Muruntau (amathani angaphezu kuka-60 ngonyaka) isisekelo ukuzinza kwezezimali yezwe.

Ngokukhethekile Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich ikhokhwe Tashkent. Inhloko-dolobha ye-Uzbekistan , wazama ukuvula kwelinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu e-East. Esikhathini enkabeni yedolobha ezakhiwa zonke 10-15 amamitha imithombo, ezihlukahlukene izikhala green amazing. Amathuluzi wokudala bonke lokhu ubukhazikhazi is akhishwe isikhungo inyunyana kwaba Sharaf Rashidov. Photo kwesikhathi sakhe zakuqala 80-yalolucwaningo kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.

gold white

Kodwa-ke, isisekelo umnotho Uzbekistan esikhathini laseSoviet ukotini. Izwe i-70s kanye 80s ekuqaleni kwakudingeka omningi izimpahla yalesi isiko. Textile izimboni kanye izitshalo ukuzivikela umane ubophekile ngenxa ukuntula kwayo, ngakho izitshalo zikakotini njalo uyanda, futhi wokuvuna mkhankaso waminyaka yonke yaphenduka lonke rush umsebenzi.

ubuholi Union njalo ziqhubeka Rashidov, befuna ukwanda ekuvuneni ukotini. Lokhu ngokuvamile akusho acabangele kwanoma yiziphi izimo umgomo ezifana kwezitshalo ukwehluleka, isimo sezulu esibi nokunye. Ngaphansi kosongo isijeziso ngenxa yokwehluleka izinhlelo nokulethwa ukotini kanye angafuni ukulahlekelwa amandla nethonya, elite Uzbek eliholwa Rashidov uye wazakhela lonke uhlelo anezele kanye falsification yama-akhawunti. Uvumela ikhona, ngisho isivuno esihle kakhulu Centre ukubika ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuxhasa izinhlelo, athola isikhuthazo ezifanele, imivuzo futhi adinga imiklamo emisha ngezimali kazwelonke.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko zalesi simiso kwaba esigabeni abakhiqizi ukotini in the ukulethwa tekusabalalisa letihlukene kokunikeza izinkampani eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yezwe. Ngokushesha waqala ufike esikhumulweni izimoto zabo ukotini, nabo kusuka Uzbekistan waya ithimba "isinqumo", okuyinto eyenziwa imali abaqondisi lezisekelo, kakade bengavumelananga ne amabhizinisi-abathengi ukuthi yokugcina musa ukuzigqaja uma, esikhundleni izinto ezasetshenziselwa ebangeni lokuqala benza Class II noma frank imfucuza ukotini.

Baphuthunyiswe kusukela imali? I-USSR wayewukuphela kwesisebenzi yomthombo zabo - abahwebi. Bonke obkladyvayut intela, futhi ukubuya wathola izimpahla eyindlala, ngaleso sikhathi Uzbekistan kwaba ngobuningi - ukudiliva yawo kwakuyilawa Rashidov umklomelo ngokuba "ukukhishwa" zikakotini ukunikezela izinhlelo. Kanjalo kwakheka umjikelezo omubi zenkohliso, ukufumbathisa, ukonakala ke lonke kulesakhiwo sigcwele umphakathi Uzbek.

icala ukotini

Ubani athatha izintambo ngemva kokufa uBrezhnev ngo-1982, Yuri Andropov wanquma abuqede le "ukotini mafia". Ekuqaleni kuka-1983 e-Uzbekistan Ithimba yathunyelwa kusuka eMoscow, yona eyaqala ukwenza i abophe abaholi izinkampani zokuhweba zesifunda, ubhidliza umthombo ngezimali ohlelweni lonke zenkohlakalo. ongowenani elikhulu zashaqwa.

Rashidov waqaphela khona ukuthi ukuze uqaphele lo amavolumu ulahlekile zikakotini ngeke kwenzeke kulo nyaka. Yena liphindelela bagijimela phakathi ihlobo noma ekwindla ka-1983 kulo lonke leli zwe, enxusa abaholi bendawo ukuthola izinqolobane ukuphakela gold white, kodwa we wathembisa ekuqaleni konyaka Andropov 3 million amathani izinto zokusetshenziswa wakwazi ukuqoqa% 20 kuphela. Eqaphela ukuthi phambi kwakhe elinde nje ukuxoshwa kungaba ihlazo futhi bemangalelwa ngamacala obugebengu, October 31, 1983 Rashidov, ngokuvumelana Umlando wakhe J. Nasriddinov, wacibishela usihlalo yangaphambili Ephakeme KaHulumeni woMkhandlu Ephakeme.

Sharaf Rashidov: umndeni, izingane

EMpumalanga, bedumisa izindinganiso zemikhaya kungakhathaliseki oda kwezenhlalo kanye nesikhundla. Ingabe akukho okuhlukile umthetho bese Sharaf Rashidov. Umndeni wakhe ayenobungane, ke luqoqwe ngamasiko esizwe. Umkakhe kwaba umqaphindlu Hursant Gafurovna izingane - amadodakazi amane nendodana - babe e Tashkent esikoleni abavamile. Bonke namanje alondoloze inkumbulo ezithandwayo zezingoma uyise.