HIV - igciwane kuyingozi? AIDS isithinta kanjani amaseli? zokuvimbela AIDS

igciwane lengculaza lihlasela yeseli, zazo izivikeli mzimba zomzimba womuntu, lapho amaseli ayisakwazi ukuvikela umzimba ezifweni. Ososayensi baye eside uzama ukuthuthukisa ikhambi jikelele kule silwanyana bakudala, kodwa esikhohlisayo ngokuthi i-HIV.

Ubungozi main yokutheleleka nge-HIV

Lokhu igciwane kungokwalabo lentivirus, iqeqebana retrovirus, izimpawu nethonya kancane emzimbeni womuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, izici eziyinhloko leli qembu izifo bangalindela azibonakali uma bathathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu kungaba sekwephuzile.

Ukuhlola yayo isakhiwo, igciwane kwengculaza kungenziwa kwachazwa ngokuthi lwalezozinto double lipid ungqimba phezulu zazo wahlela glycoprotein imfuyo efana isikhunta, ngaphakathi okuyinto itholakala RNA umusi chain. Ngenxa isakhiwo esinjalo, lihlaba ngokukhululekile egazini amangqamuzana omuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isakhiwo kwamangqamuzana egazi okungukuthi a okuningi eziyinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo kuka-HIV igciwane, ngaphandle komzamo uyangenelela iseli alibulale ngokuphelele.

Ucwaningo igciwane

Njengoba igciwane lengculaza kuthinta umuntu kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma ubulili, okuwukuphela kwendlela yaso ukuthi njengoba ukutheleleka kwenzeka kuphela uma izimo ezithile, ke kungavinjelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho noma kwenzeka lapho isandulela ngculaza namanje angena emzimbeni, ezokwelapha zesimanje labo abazokwazi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kabusha yayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubhujiswa amasosha omzimba womuntu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi laziwa, singathi yini etshaya amaseli igciwane lengculaza, ezinye izici yokutheleleka nge-HIV zisekhona yayingaziwa nhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, indlela ncamashi ukubhujiswa amaseli, nganoma isiphi isizathu, iningi labantu namagciwane uyaqhubeka ukubheka engumqemane isikhathi eside impela isikhathi eside. Lezi zinkinga qinani ukuqondana abo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi HIV libhekwa njengoba igciwane okucwaningwa ngawo kakhulu emlandweni.

Penetration kanye nenkanuko edlulele igciwane

Ngemva Ukungena emzimbeni igciwane lengculaza ithelela amaseli abomvu egazi, okuqondene iqembu T-lymphocyte, okuyinto ahlelwe asemoyeni i-molecule ethize CD-4 kanye nezinye yeseli eliqukethe e ngezithako zawo yokwamukela asebenzayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukusungulwa ukusabalala kwaleso igciwane wonke umzimba akudingi isisusa xaxa, zokugaya idinga yeseli itheleleke kuphela umuntu.

Eqinisweni, izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo hhayi kuphela lingena iseli, igobolondo layo tho ngokuphelele nalo, okwathi ngemva kwalokho Igciwane liyaqala ukuqhubeka kancane kancane.

Izidakamizwa ngoba yabonakala inekhono lokunqanda ukuqhubeka igciwane

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi basaqhubeka befuna ukuthuthukisa wokugoma kuhloswe ngako ukunqanda igciwane ahlaselayo amaseli, avimbele AIDS wayesengaba inqubo ejwayelekile. Ucwaningo kule ndawo kusekelwe yokuthi iningi amagciwane ezikhona emhlabeni, ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo ufakwe ngesimo DNA, futhi ukuhlolisisa amathuba ukudalwa umgomo wamanje kakhulu. Nokho, i-HIV okubhalwe ku-RNA, asizivumeli igazi lomuntu is kabusha ngokuhumusha izincwadi RNA yalo ibe yi-DNA yomuntu elinegciwane ngokusebenzisa i-reverse transcriptase, ngokusebenzisa leli seli ukuphindukuzalwa wadalula kalula yigciwane lengculaza.

Igciwane lengculaza ithelela iseli itheleleke umuntu phakathi namahora okuqala angu-12 kusukela ngesikhathi ukutheleleka, ngenkathi uqala ukuqonda DNA viral njengoba yayo, ukulalela ngokugcwele imiyalo kokushumekwe ngaphakathi kuwo. kungenziwa Kulesi sigaba of virus ukutheleleka uvinjelwa antiretroviral okuqondene iqembu reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Ukulalela imiyalo, onikeza eyeseli elinegciwane, yezingxenye virus uqale ukudlala izingxenye ezihlukahlukene igciwane, okuyizinto ke kumaseli efanayo ibhekane isigaba anolaka "Yakha" entsha ephezulu grade igciwane. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esanda eyakheke igciwane ingakwazi ukuthelela ngokushesha elandelayo cell, wajinge wanamatsela kusukela seli DNA, okungaba yathela, yena ichithela isidoda sayo omunye igciwane enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-protease. Kuyinto ngokuphelele amafomu amasha viral yezinyoni, ngemva kwalokho-ke athole ikhono ukutheleleka igciwane lengculaza ithelela iseli esilandelayo.

kwesigubhu

Ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe umbuzo bangaki uhlala igciwane lengculaza, kufanele sinake yokuthi amanye amaseli nge ekuphileni isikhathi eside, ezifana macrophage kanye monocytes, bangafeza semali igciwane kanye futhi namanje ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela egculisayo, ngaphandle kokufa.

Eqinisweni, agcwele amadamu we-HIV igciwane. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ngisho ne reception ngesikhathi esifanele izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi AIDS ayikwazi aqiniswa yeseli ezinjalo, lapho uJesu ayekhona, futhi ngeke esebenzayo, kodwa kuyoba mzimba ngokuphelele umthelela izidakamizwa. Ngenxa yalokho, leli gciwane okungukuthi Akunakwenzeka ngokuthini emzimbeni ngokuphelele, futhi lesi simo singenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Ukuthuthukiswa igciwane emva kokutheleleka

Virus bonke atfutfuka kuze izinga ngabanye. Ingxenye abagula iminyaka embalwa yokuqala emva kokutheleleka, kanti bonke abanye iminyaka engaphezu kuka-10-12, konke kuncike ezintweni ezengeziwe. Izinga legciwane kungathinta:

• izici ngabanye of the umzimba.
• Isimiso sezinzwa.
• Izimo zokuphila.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngenxa yegazi lomuntu onegciwane ukuthola bungene egazini akuyona itheleleke - lokhu kungenzeka imijovo lapho multiple of isipetu alahlwayo noma ngokumpontshelwa igazi elinegciwane. Futhi ukusakaza ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini olungaphephile noma ngomlomo.

Kwenzekani ngenxa ukutheleleka

Inkathi asebenzayo zokubonisa HIV amasosha omzimba kuze kube yizinyanga ezintathu, ngemva kwalokho esebenzisa igazi zihlolele negciwane lesandulela ngculaza immunologist noma Venereal izifo kungaveza yabo igazi. Ngisho ne umphumela omuhle ukuhlaziya kuyadingeka ukuya futhi, kuphela emuva kokuba lowo muntu ukubika isifo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi nokuvimbela AIDS kungenzeka kakhulu ukunciphisa izinga lokuhlasela kwesifo lesi sifo, amathuba okutheleleka ekhona noma yimuphi umuntu. Kulokhu, amaseli we amasosha omzimba womuntu, ukuthola igciwane lengculaza faka indlela yabo umkhuba. Bathatha indawo virus ukubona futhi ulithumele ngqo-lymph, okuyinto okumelwe zilethwe mayelana ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe igciwane. Nokho, lapho igciwane ufinyelela umgomo, uqala ukuba bathuthuke ngokushesha emzimbeni.

labantu abanaleli gciwane Iningi bavezwa amafomu okunzima ukutheleleka - viremia, ngenxa okuyinto imisebenzi okuvikela umzimba abizwa kuyehla ngesigamu ngokushesha, futhi umuntu eseqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezifanayo njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-SARS. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa emzabalazweni igciwane lengculaza ukutheleleka bafe, kodwa kancane kuphela. Iningi izingxenye HIV kusadingeka isikhathi ukuba imile izimpande kumaseli. Ngemva kwalokho, lizinga T-4 lymphocyte ubuyisela cishe ngokuphelele owedlule izibalo. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu emva ifomu acute igciwane akusho ngisho usola ukuthi umzimba wakhe kwakuqhubeka ngokushesha ukutheleleka nge-HIV, njengoba engekho ukubonakaliswa obala igciwane abuzange.

izinyathelo

Ngoba namuhla ikhambi eliphumelelayo HIV ingakamiswa asethuthukile, nezidakamizwa ekhona kuphela kancane ukuqhubeka igciwane, zokuvimbela AIDS iyona ndlela isebenza kuphela ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ungathola igciwane lengculaza ngisho nalapho okuvamile nomuntu onegciwane, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ungakwazi ngempela kalula nokuhlala ndawonye nomuntu onegciwane, kodwa kufanele uqaphele ukuthi kukhona eziningi izifo okuyinto ukwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Ngokwesibonelo, izifo noma bezoziphatha anal ezithathelwana ngobulili. Qikelela ukuthi imithetho aphephe kule obuseduze imbulunga, nomthofu onempilo yokuphila ukuze Gwema ukwenza ikontraga lokhu kuyingozi igciwane, ezifana ne-AIDS.