I esiyingozi kakhulu amagciwane ngoba abantu

Ezweni kukhona inqwaba ezincane-eziphilayo, amagciwane yibona phakathi kwabo. Abakwazi sisinde kule mibandela kanjani. Amagciwane atholakala ice kwaphakade Antarctica, futhi isihlabathi esishisayo eSahara, futhi ngisho nasemkhathini abandayo isikhala. Nakuba kungebona bonke ayingozi, kodwa abangaphezu kuka-80% azo zonke izifo zabantu ubangwa amagciwane kuba.

Emuva ku 40s kwekhulu elidlule, abantu laziwa izifo ezingaba ngu-40 cuphuluza kubo. Namuhla lelo nani - ezingaphezu kuka-500, singabali yokuthi njalo ngonyaka basuke ukuvula uhlobo olusha. Abantu baye bafunda ukubhekana amagciwane, kepha ukwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi esanele - ezingaphezu kuka-10 zama-bangabantu eziyingozi kakhulu ngesintu. Amagciwane - activators izifo eziyingozi kubantu. Ake sibheke ayinhloko.

hantaviruses

I esiyingozi kakhulu uhlobo igciwane - hantavirus. Lapho sisebenzelana sidla amagundane amancane noma imikhiqizo yabo umzimba kungenzeka batheleleke. Abakwazi kuvuse izifo eziningi, kusho ukuthi ungaba yingozi kakhulu okuyizinto imfiva haemorrhagic futhi hantavirus syndrome. isifo Okokuqala ubulala yonke yeshumi, amathuba okufa emva wesibili - 36%. Ukugqashuka ngobukhulu kwenzeka phakathi nempi yaseKorea. Khona-ke, amasosha angaphezu kuka-3,000 kusukela izinhlangothi ezahlukene ngxabano baye bazizwa imiphumela yayo. Kukhona amathuba eqinile ukuthi hantavirus kuye kwabangela ukuqothulwa impucuko Aztec iminyaka 600 edlule.

I-Ebola

Yimaphi amanye amagciwane ayingozi khona emhlabeni? Ubhubhane Ebola idale uvalo emphakathini international ngonyaka odlule. Igciwane latholakala 1976, ngesikhathi umqedazwe waseCongo. It wathola igama layo yokudumisa River Ebola, lapho echibini lokubhukuda futhi kwakungekho flash. Izimpawu zesifo Ebola kakhulu ukuthi kube inkimbinkimbi uphethwe yayo. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ezivamile zihlanganisa: imfiva, ubuthakathaka, ukuhlanza, isibindi normal kanye nokusebenza kwezinso, ubuhlungu emphinjeni. Kwezinye izimo, zikhona ukopha zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngo-2015 leli gciwane kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-12 eziyinkulungwane.

I esiyingozi umkhuhlane virus?

Yiqiniso, akekho bangase baphikise ngokuthi igciwane eliyingozi - umkhuhlane ezivamile. Minyaka yonke kuba lokugula ngaphezulu kuka-10% sabantu, okwenza kube omunye ezivamile futhi ezingalindelekile.

Ingozi esiyinhloko abantu ungethele igciwane uqobo, isikhathi nezinkinga ezingase kungabangela (isifo sezinso, wamaphaphu ubuchopho edema, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo). Abantu 600 000 abaye bafa kusukela umkhuhlane ngonyaka odlule,% 30 kuphela imbangela yokufa ngokwakho igciwane kwabanye ezibulalayo - umphumela ukuxakeka.

Ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo - ukuthi enye ingozi igciwane umkhuhlane. Ngenxa ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamaphilisi minyaka yonke isifo ingamaKristu. Inkukhu kanye wezingulube umkhuhlane ubhubhane oqubuke kule minyaka eyi-10 - esinye isiqinisekiso. Esikhathini zihambe ambalwa emashumini izidakamizwa anamandla okulwa umkhuhlane, uzobe iletha yi ingozi kakhulu kubantu.

Rotavirus

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu amagciwane izingane - kuba Rotavirus. Nakuba ikhambi esebenza ngempumelelo, njalo ngonyaka kusukela lesi sifo esingaziwa sibulala izingane ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi. Lesi sifo kubangela uhudo olubi umzimba emzimbeni ngokushesha futhi bafe. Abantu abaningi abahlala emazweni ampofu, lapho kunzima ukuthola umgomo ngokumelene igciwane.

iMarburg ebulalayo

IMarburg igciwane saqala ukubonakala emzini ofanayo eJalimane ngasekupheleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Ungomunye amagciwane eziyishumi ebulalayo ezingase zidlulele ezilwaneni.

Mayelana 30% izifo igciwane uphela lethally. Esikhathini kusaqalwa isifo womuntu wokuhlupha imfiva, ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu kwemisipha. Ngo ukugeleza kakhulu - jaundice, pancreatitis, yokwehluleka kwesibindi. Abathwala lesi sifo anibona abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi namagundane, kanye nezinye izinhlobo izimfene.

Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo esenzweni

Yimaphi amanye amagciwane ayingozi laziwe? Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 yohlobo lwazo ezithelela kwesibindi womuntu. I esiyingozi iningi labo ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B no-C bese Igciwane Akusikho lutho ngokuthi "mnene umbulali" ngoba kungaba iminyaka eminingi emzimbeni womuntu ngaphandle esibangela izimpawu lubonakale.

Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo ngokuvamile kuholela ukufa lamaseli isibindi, okungukuthi isifo sokusha. Izowelapha zokugula kubangelwa nesigqi B no-C igciwane cishe kungenakwenzeka. Ngesikhathi ukuthola isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B emzimbeni womuntu, njengoba umthetho, selivele ifomu ezingamahlalakhona.

Owathola sifo kwaba Russian sezinto eziphilayo Botkin. Bathola izinto zibe nzima kwesibindi manje okwaziwa ngokuthi "A", futhi lesi sifo asilapheki.

zoster igciwane

Ingxibongo - esinye sezifo endala abantu abawaziyo. Kuthinta abantu kuphela, kubenze Ukugodola, isiyezi, ubuhlungu bekhanda futhi ubuhlungu esifundeni lumbar. izimpawu Isici ingxibongo Akukhona ukubukeka ku ukuqubuka komzimba ubovu. Kuphela kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, ingxibongo sabulala abantu abangaba isigamu eziyinkulungwane. In ekulweni nalesi sifo zaziphonswa impahla izimali kakhulu (abangaba yizigidi ezingu-300 dollars). Nokho virologists kuphumelele: Endabeni yokugcina eyaziwayo ingxibongo sabhalwa engamashumi amane edlule.

Deadly amarabi igciwane

Amarabi igciwane - ngowokuqala lokhu ukukala, okuholela ekufeni e-100% amacala. Can itheleleke ezinamarabi ngemva kokuba singenile kumuntu noma esilwaneni. Lesi sifo asymptomatic kuze kube isikhathi lapho lowo muntu engasekho ukusindisa.

Igciwane amarabi kubangela umonakalo ezinzima ukuze isimiso sezinzwa. Ezigabeni lokugcina isifo umuntu uba nodlame, kuba umuzwa njalo ngaphandle kokwesaba, abaphethwe nokuqwasha. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje lapho ifika ubumpumputhe nokukhubazeka ngaphambi kokufa.

Kuwo wonke umlando wezokwelapha ukulondolozwa ngamarabi ephethwe 3 kuphela abantu.

Lassa igciwane

Yimaphi amanye iyingozi amagciwane bangabantu? Lassa nemfiva ukusebenza okubangwa yileli gciwane - esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu eNtshonalanga Afrika. Kuthinta isimiso sezinzwa, izinso, emaphashini, kungabangela myocarditis. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi isifo lokushisa lomzimba lize liba ngaphansi kwe 39-40 degrees. On umzimba kukhona okuningi ngamathumba amabi iqhubeka.

Lassa igciwane zithwala kukhona sidla amagundane amancane. Lesi sifo wadluliselwa contact. Minyaka yonke, itheleleke abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-500, lapho izinkulungwane 5-10 afe. Ngo imfiva ezinzima Lassa ngokwempilo yangenyama bengase bazikhandlele 50%.

womuntu atholwe immunodeficiency syndrome

I esiyingozi kakhulu uhlobo igciwane - HIV. Kuthathwa ayingozi kakhulu salabo abaziwa ukuthi indoda ngesikhathi.

Ongoti bathole ukuthi icala lokuqala yokudlulisela igciwane kusuka wezinkawu ukuba abantu kwenzeka ngo-1926. Icala lokuqala ebulalayo sabhalwa ngo-1959. Esikhathini 60s kwekhulu elidlule, izimpawu AIDS zitholiwe kuyophelela phakathi kwezifebe zesilisa American, kodwa ukubaluleka ekhethekile uma kunganikezwa. HIV kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ifomu eyinkimbinkimbi i-pneumonia.

Hlukanisa nesifo se-HIV neyaziwayo kuphela ngo-1981, ngemva kwagqashuka lo mqedazwe phakathi amadoda gay. Kungakapheli neminyaka engu-4, ososayensi baye bathola izindlela yokudlulisela yalesi sifo, igazi isidoda. Lokhu ubhubhane lwe-AIDS kwaqala eminyakeni engama-20 edlule emhlabeni. HIV ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi isifo kwekhulu lama-20.

Lesi sifo ngokuyinhloko kuthinta amasosha omzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, i-AIDS ngokwayo akubulali. Kodwa-HIV, ngubani nje kungekho amasosha omzimba, angafa ngalo kusukela umkhuhlane elula.

Zonke ezama usungula wokugoma yokulwa neHIV okwamanje asiphumelelanga.

Yeka indlela okuyingozi kuyinto HPV?

Mayelana 70% abantu abathwali-HPV, iningi labo - abesifazane. Ezithathelwana ngocansi papilloma. Of izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100-HPV kuholela izifo ezihlukahlukene mayelana 40. Ngokuvamile, igciwane ithelela umthondo womuntu. ukubonakaliswa kwayo kwangaphandle - ukubonakala isikhumba neziqu (papillomas).

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni igciwane emva kokuba hit emzimbeni ingahlala kusuka amasonto ambalwa iminyaka eminingana. Ngo-90% umzimba womuntu uqobo ukuqeda microbodies angaphandle. Ngengozi igciwane kuphela buthaka amasosha omzimba. Ngakho-ke papilloma ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi nezinye izifo, ezifana Umkhuhlane.

Umphumela emibi kakhulu papillomas bangaba umdlavuza wesibeletho kwabesifazane. 14 zamagciwane eyaziwayo igciwane kukhona yezinga eliphezulu.

Ingabe sezinkomo wegazi igciwane abantu kuyingozi?

Amagciwane kungathinta abantu nje kuphela kodwa futhi izilwane. Njengoba umuntu odla imikhiqizo yezilwane, konke umbuzo ingozi kwamagciwane esinjalo abantu ngokuvamile liphuma khona.

Umdlavuza wegazi igciwane endaweni yokuqala yi-kokunqotshwa izinkomo (izinkomo). It ithelela igazi izinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi kanye kuphakamisa izinhlungu zokugula okungathí sina, futhi kwezinye izimo ukufa.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi angaphezu kuka-70% wabantu ube masosha omzimba egazini ukuthi bangalwa izinkomo igciwane ene-leukemia. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuvala amathuba okutheleleka womuntu nale igciwane. Amathuba ukuthi izinkomo kungaholela wegazi umdlavuza wegazi kubantu liphansi kakhulu, kodwa kukhona kungenzeka ezinye imiphumela engemihle. wegazi Lingaqhubeka abophezele amangqamuzana omuntu okubangela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Esikhathini esizayo, kungase udale ohlobo olulodwa entsha, okuyinto ngokulinganayo yingozi kokubili izilwane nabantu.

Nakuba amagciwane kungabazuzisa kanjani abantu, kube awubhekene umonakalo yabo. Ziyakwazi abantu abaningi bafa kuka abafa kuzo zonke izimpi zomhlaba kuze kube phakade. Kulesi sihloko I-balani amagciwane ayingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi kuyoba usizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!