János Kadar. Umholi othile wezombangazwe Biography Hungarian

János Kadar (iminyaka yokuphila - 1912-1989) - sibalo kuyadida. I-Russian izincwadi ibizwa ngokuthi isikhulu sikahulumeni omkhulu sezombusazwe, kuyinto sekubusa Hungary safinyelela ukuchuma kwezomnotho. Ezinye izincwadi uphawu ngaye njengomahluleli ongenamizwa uStalin, owafika amandla phezu ashaya kwezinhloko zamaviyo iSoviet, protege we ezibiyele futhi umhleli yokukhipha Imre Nadya, le wagudluzwa undunankulu. Ngakho ubani ngempela ukuthi Kadar, waklonyeliswa Order "Hero of Soviet Union"? Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuqonda yomlando wakhe kuyinkimbinkimbi.

ebuntwaneni

János Kadar wazalwa Meyi 26, 1912. Wayeyindodana engumlanjwana encekukazi Barboly Chemranek kusukela isosha János Krezingera. Njengoba wazalwa endaweni yoMbuso wase-Austro-Hungarian, emzini Fiume (namuhla Rijeka eCroatia), ebhukwini uyiqophe ngaphansi kwegama Dzhovanni Dzhuzeppe Chemranek. Lapho umfana yayineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, umama wakhe bathuthela Budapest. Azifundi kazwelonke wabonisa ikhono okungavamile. Njengoba umfundi engcono wathunyelwa imfundo yamahhala e-ephakeme esikoleni edolobheni. Nokho, isimo sezimali emkhayeni kwakunzima. János Chemranek nane waphonsa imfundo baqatsha yesisebenzi e yokunyathelisa. Njengoba lezi kungase kuzwakale kuxakile, kodwa LamaKhomanisi bamlethela ... chess. János Young othanda kakhulu lo mdlalo. Ngolunye usuku kwenzeka ukuwina umncintiswano chess. Njengoba umklomelo wayephiwe encwadini Engels 'Anti-Duhring'. Lo msebenzi, emazwini Chemraneka kwakushintsha ngokuphelele engqondweni yakhe.

Ukuxhumana Marxism

On the tournament chess János Kadar iwine ngo-1928, lapho eneminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha ubudala. It ingabe ukuphisa utshwala crisis sina ngezinga elikhulu ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe. Eyokuqala ukuzizwa Ukuwohloka abasebenzi imiholo nemazinga ekuphila. Young umakhenikha wokunyathelisa wasiza ekuhleleni rally okuvele isiteleka. Uhulumeni ngesihluku ukuyiveza le ngesibonakaliso abasebenzi, kwaboshwa comrades eziningi Chemraneka. Ngo-1930, indlu ukuphrinta yavalwa ngenxa crisis. Njengoba Chemranek abangasebenzi, kwakwande abasiphikisayo nakakhulu ukuba ekilasini nokuxhaphaza, inkosikazi eyamukela ukuxhumana igebe ngenkathi iCommunist Party of Hungary. Ngo-1931 yena wajoyina i-Komsomol cell kubo. Sverdlov wathatha isidlaliso komhlaba Barna (Brown). Kakade ngoMeyi 1933 waba ilungu leKomiti iphiko intsha LamaKhomanisi eBudapest. ISoviet Union, abantu okuyinto ngesandla esivulekile oxhaswe inhlangano, wammemela ukufunda e-University of eMoscow, kodwa i-Komsomol abasha wenqaba.

IMpi Yezwe II

János Kadar, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako kusukela manje eduze nezombusazwe, njengomuntu uStalin kweqiniso mbibi ngokumelene elaseSoviet Union ne eJalimane lobuNazi. Ngaleso sikhathi eseshintshe LamaKhomanisi kakade, ngokujoyina ngo-1935 phakathi kwababusi Social Democrats. Kukhona wayenza umsebenzi wakhe futhi wahola SDPH cell. Empeleni, wonke impi wayeyilungu esisemthethweni "ukuzabalaza" eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia, kodwa kukhona umsebenzi okhethekile engakathenjiswa umshado. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva inkulumo-ze zamaKhomanisi eqonda ulwazi, ukuthi lapho esedale i Front antifascist Hungarian, kodwa akukho umsebenzi kule nhlangano akukho fixed. Esikhathini forties ekuseni waguqula, futhi Social Democrats, futhi kulotshiwe Pest iKomidi iCommunist Party of Hungary. Nalapha futhi, i-career wokugaklazeka wakhumula: ngo-1942 wayengumuntu leKomiti Central, futhi ngo-1943 - UNobhala we-CPV Central Committee.

Umsebenzi eSoviet Union

Ngo-April 1944 Yanosh Kadar, waboshwa ngo-Serbia i-ukuhlubuka. Wakwazi ukuphunyuka. Ukubalekela, wathatha elinye igama - Kadar (Cooper), ngubani manje baba igama lakhe. Ngo-April 1964 ubuholi ke Soviet ngomzamo ukubeka ally "fighter oluvelele ngokumelene wobushiqela", yena yanikezelwa isihloko Hero kweSoviet Union futhi yaklonyeliswa esivelele kunazo ngesikhathi umklomelo - the Order of Lenin futhi indondo "Gold Star". Lapho Hungary yakhululwa wobushiqela, Kadar, ngaleso sikhathi kakade NKVD ejenti, wakhethwa ukuba Transitional National Assembly kanye ilungu Political Bureau of iKomiti Central LamaKhomanisi (CPSU). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wakhe ngokushesha wenyukela. Ngo-1946 waba Lisekela Jikelele uNobhala CPSU. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1948, ukhonza njengomPristi unobhala wekomiti idolobha yenhloko-dolobha. Ekugcineni, ngo-August 1948, wamiswa njengelungu uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi. Kuleli qhaza lethu, waqala ukuboshwa Laszlo Rajko, bemmangalela imisebenzi emelene ngempela namaSoviet. Ukuba ibe inselele Matthias uStalin Rakosi, Kadar uye wasuswa kusukela ehhovisi waba isiboshwa ekamu lokuhlushwa. Ukuze inkululeko, wadedelwa kuphela ngo-1956.

János Kadar: sezombusazwe umbuso sezenhlalo

Nakuba e-Hungary uthuthuva ukunganeliseki imodeli Soviet yokubusa. ilunga likahulumeni Imre Nadya iqhutshelwe phambili ngokubambisana neNhlangano izinyunyana, ukudedela iziboshwa zezombusazwe, ukuqedwa ukucwaninga. János Kadar ekuqaleni ukusekela ngokugcwele inkambo okufanele, ngisho ukuthi uzoyeka umzimba wakhe ithangi wokuqala Russian ehlangana Ngasemdeni ke ka-Hungary. Ngakho, washeshe wenza umsebenzi wokuphila, futhi ngo-October 30, 1956, ngamiswa njengombonisi uNgqongqoshe iKhabhinethi, eliholwa Nadia. Kodwa lokuqala November Kadar ephunyuka Hungary Uzhgorod ihlangana ne Nikitoy Hruschevym, onika kuye egqame bha kumiswa umbuso, kulawulwa eSoviet Union. Ngemva kwesonto, umbusi omusha wase-amathangi Soviet wabuyela Budapest.

Inkathi "goulash ubukhomanisi"

Novemba 8, 1956 Kadar wamemezela usurpation kwamandla. Nagy nabangane bakhe babalekela endaweni yeYugoslavia Embassy. Kadar wathembisa ozakwabo wangaphambili ushwele egcwele. Kodwa lapho Nadia uyishiyile indlu yesithunywa, waboshwa futhi wabulawa eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Nokho, János Kadar, isithombe okuyinto namanje lihlonishwa isizukulwane amadala akwa baseHungary, owayengusombusazwe onekhono. Esimeni semakhaya ePrague Spring , wakwazi ukufaka ukuphuma umlingani wakhe omkhulu, iSoviet Union, izinzuzo esiphezulu kuleli lizwe. igesi eshibhile amaSoviet nasemakamu ukuxegiswa umnotho, Hungary livulekele izivakashi ezivela Bloc kosozimali sewenze izwe ngaphezulu noma angamile kahle. Inkathi "goulash ubukhomanisi" iphelile ngisho phambi kokuwa kweSoviet Union. Kakade ngoMeyi 1988, Kadar isuswe, futhi ngemva konyaka, owesithupha July, wafa.