Insingo Occam sika. ukusika ezingadingekile

Uilyam Okkama wayengomunye wesazi sefilosofi ethandwa kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka XIV. Kodwa yesimanjemanje uyazi kuphela ngokusebenzisa zabhalwa isimiso lula. Kwenye yezincwadi zakhe, wasikisela ukuba anqume yonke eyinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile, kusale kuphela agumenti edingekayo. Lomgomo ngokuthi "nsingo Occam sika" futhi kuzwakala kanje: "Musa wande izinhlangano ngaphandle isidingo." Ngamanye amazwi, inikeza lapho kungenzeka, izincazelo ezilula, hhayi izinkinga kubo.

Ububanzi isimiso Occam

Umgomo we "razor Occam sika" wukuthi i-agumenti akufanele onezinto imiqondo akusebenzi futhi imigomo, uma ungenza ngaphandle kwabo. Amagama azokwenza uyishintshile izikhathi ezingenakubalwa, kodwa umqondo kulokhu zihlala zinjalo.

Ibhalwe zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele eminingi mayelana nokuthi "nsingo Occam sika". Lomgomo isibe kubaluleke njengokugwema exclusion lesithathu, noma logic of imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwezinto kwi-physics.

Kodwa osebenza ngabe "razor Occam sika" ekuphileni kwansuku zonke? Noma ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngezinhloso zocwaningo? Uma sikhuluma imikhawulo isimiso inkimbinkimbi, kungakhathaliseki izimo ezinjalo zingenzeka kwezesayensi lapho ucabanga ekulondolozeni engalethi imiphumela kulindeleke? Futhi njalo lapho ukuphila kuyadingeka ukuze baxazulule le nkinga kuphela njengoba zifika?

Yiqiniso, izimo ezinjalo zingokoqobo kakhulu, njengoba isayensi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke musa ageleze kahle nangokuqhubekayo enjongweni. Kwezinye izimo, kudingeka uthathe izinqumo ezithile lapho kuncike inkambo esizayo wokuphila noma izenzakalo ngokwesayensi. Futhi kuza isikhathi lapho ocatshangelwayo akusebenzi esikhundleni esisha ngokuphelele. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi-ke akudingekile ukuba uxazulule izinkinga ngosizo "nsingo Occam sika". Akubalulekile ukusika "extra", kungenjalo uyolahlekelwa okuthile okubalulekile wena ngqo noma isintu sisonke.

Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi "nsingo Occam sika" ligcwaliswa kunjalo lapho isayensi futhi izinga lempilo ukuba sishintshe.

Isicelo Isibonelo Occam ekwakhiweni

Isazi umlando ifilosofi Ephakathi Filoteus Bener kwelinye izinhlelo 1957 ibika ukuthi "razor Occam sika" ikakhulu washayelwa ngumlobi kanje: ". Ningaxabani okuningi ngaphandle isidingo ' Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Uilyam Okkam kuphela lizwakalise isimiso lula, eyaziwa njengoba isikhathi Aristotle. Ubuhlakani, ubizwa ngokuthi "umthetho esanele."

Ngokwesibonelo, kwake kwavela isimo lapho kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isimiso insingo Occam sika kungabangela impendulo eyanikeza physics nesazi sezibalo Laplace uMbusi Napoleon. Kuthiwa usosayensi zokugcina ukuthi imibono yakhe akukhona zingene Nkulunkulu. Ukuze okuyinto Laplace waphendula: "Kwadingeka asikho isidingo ukuhlola lo mbono."

Uma uwasho isimiso ubulula umnotho kolwazi ulimi, izobukeka kanje: "Umlayezo ngqo - umyalezo omfushane."

Lo mthetho akunakubangelwa langempela futhi namuhla nezidingo sebhithi imiqondo. Ngamunye izincazelo lasetjentiswako kumele eqondile ukuqeda kungenzeka yokudala ezingadingekile, azisholo ukuthi uthanda ahlanganisa zonke izici.

Ngo logic of the umnotho ezizathwini kuba ukuba ngingehlelwa nangeyodwa kulezi izifushaniso wamukela akufanele kuvuze kusukela ukuphumula. Yileyo ubufakazi Axiom akufanele kube izitatimende engadingekile abangenathuba maqondana ngqo kuso. Nakuba lo mthetho akuyona ukonga saziso.