"EPrague Spring" - revolution noma zungu?

"EPrague Spring" ngo-1968 edlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni emhlabeni. Inchazelo yale nqubo zomlando kungakapheli isikhathi esifushane kushintshe kakhulu - ke "ezinwabuzelayo esiphikisayo yokuvukela" manje igama revolution yeningi elinokuthula.

Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi inqubo kabusha, okuyinto kwahlongozwa ngamalungu iCommunist Party of eCzechoslovakia, waba ngokhahlo ukuyiveza ngempi kwamakhomanisi ukubusa angomakhelwane-sizana of eCzechoslovakia ngo Warsaw Pact atheleka. Kwakubonakala sengathi "ePrague Spring" futhi wabhubhisa nya, kodwa imibono yakhe zaba sisekelo ukunyakaza mass amazwe sezenhlalo Bloc, ilandelwe 80s kwaholela ekubeni ashintshe obunokuthula uhulumeni kanye oda kwezenhlalo.
Okokuqala sidinga ukuqonda lisho ukuthini igama elithi "ePrague Spring"? Okokuqala, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lokhu uhlelo elibi esiphikisayo revolution, noma kwesokudla-wing amabutho ngenhloso yokushintsha wayengekho isimiso sezombangazwe eCzechoslovakia. Okwesibili, umbono isithakazelo yomzamo NATO ilungu amazwe ukuhlukanisa eCzechoslovakia kusukela ekamu sezenhlalo akufanele sithathwe kalula. Ngenxa ngo-1968 kuleli zwe injongo eyinhloko emphakathini kwaba nenkululeko yokukhuluma bese ucindezela, umbuso wentsandvo yelinyenti umbuso, yizinguquko kwezomnotho kanye ukwenqena yokwakhiwa lamaKhomanisi kohlelo uStalin.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kwaba sesikhathini 60s - isikhathi sethemba enkulu emazweni sezenhlalo, lapho ngenjongo yokuthuthukisa inqubomgomo kwezomnotho ekhona ngenkuthalo kuxoxwa. Ingabe azihlukile neCzechoslovakia, lapho phakathi zokudala nezazi futhi umfundi izinhlangano babe mpikiswano abanolaka and izingxoxo mayelana nentuthuko eyengeziwe kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuleli zwe. CSSR ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube ngemva omakhelwane babo Western, futhi ngazo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga wazama ukuvala igebe. Kuze kube yimanje, izinguquko ezihlukahlukene Kuye kwahlongozwa, ezifana nezomnotho, okuyinto kwaba ukudala izimo izinguquko esizayo isakhiwo sepolitiki. Nokho, njengoba ngokuvamile kunjalo, umfutho ushintsho usekhonze njengephayona ushintsho sabasebenzi esivelele amandla. Ngenxa yokwanda kwemibono ugobe, kusuka kokuthunyelwe uNobhala wokuqala weKomidi Central waphoqeleka ukuba A. Novotný, endaweni yakhe wathatha u-Alexander Dubcek, owayedume kumalungu CPSU. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baqala Embikweni wakhe othi "ePrague Spring".

Ngemva kwalokho, eCzechoslovakia kwaba kuqhathaniswa ethule, kwakukhona izingxoxo ngekusasa ukuvuselelwa isimo sezenhlalo. Futhi kwadambisa ukucwaninga, ahlele entsha izinhlangano, ezifana Club lokungalandeli party - "CAS", futhi izakhamuzi eziningi republic kwadingeka umuzwa ukuzimela kanye nenkululeko. Ngokuphathelene uhulumeni wombuso, ngaphakathi HRC uqhubeka umzabalazo egcwele ukuhanjiswa kwezikhundla, okuyinto buyisela ubuholi wezwe phezu izinqubomgomo kabusha okuhleliwe. Futhi ngakho amandla inguquko kancane kancane ukuba amabutho non-bendabuko zezombusazwe yeCzechoslovakia.
Ngo-March 1968, i-CPSU Central Committee wathumela izishoshovu party ukubhala ku isimo eCzechoslovakia. Sachaza alamu mayelana ukubonakaliswa yokucwaswa anti-sezenhlalo emphakathini, kanye nesidingo alwisane izinyathelo zokuguqula umbuso. Kodwa Dubcek njalo wathi isimo kuleli zwe olawulwa elibukhali Party.

Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi izimfuno futhi kusezwakala mazwi ku ukusungulwa eliphikisayo eCzechoslovakia. Ngaphakathi kuleli zwe, ngenkuthalo waxoxa sokufaneleka professional iningi ubuholi beqembu. Labetibambile ukusebenza ahlukahlukene nemiboniso, inkampani isilungele esiphikisayo revolution, no-Aleksandru Dubcek waya lutho.

Futhi konke lokhu akusho angayiqapheli amazwe we Warsaw Pact atheleka, ogama amasosha kanye amathangi langena eCzechoslovakia ebusuku Agasti 20, 1968. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iSoviet izindiza zempi lawela esikhumulweni sezindiza ePrague, futhi amalungu-KGB baye bafakwe esitokisini unobhala kuqala futhi ilungu KaHulumeni leKomiti Central. Futhi yena ePrague, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ivaliwe izicabha zayo. Isiteleka jikelele kwathiwa idolobha, ezitaladini babe eyihlane. Izakhamuzi eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Republic awaphendulanga ubudlova ngobudlova obukhulu. futhi kumhlali ungenziwanga uhlwayi olulodwa. Sekukonke ngesikhathi senqubo, ukubizwa ngokuthi "intwasahlobo yasePrague", abantu abangaphezu kuka-70 kwabulawa eCzechoslovakia, 250 balimala futhi izinkulungwane zabantu zaziphonswa ekudingisweni. Ngakho kwaba khona nokucindezela ngokuthi "intwasahlobo yasePrague" - umzamo wesibili ngesikhathi kabusha ekamu sezenhlalo ngemva Hungary ngo-1956.
Eqinisweni, abahleli izinguquko eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia ayemelene ezweni labo baba isicebi, bonke babeyizidumbu bangamakhomanisi uyaqiniseka. Bathi nje, kwakusenhliziyweni yami ukwakhela socialism "nge bomuntu".