SSR iMoldavian: umlando imfundo, incazelo, izifunda, namadolobha. I izingalo kanye ifulege baseMoldova SSR

Lesi sihloko sizosisiza sibheke lokho ngokuthi iMoldavian SSR. Lokhu republic yayisesigodini ntshonalanga okwedlulele we ingxenye European kweSoviet Union, lapho iyingxenye. MSSR yadalwa ngo-1940, ngo-August 2, futhi yahlakazeka ngo-1991, 27 Agasti. Empumalanga, nasenyakatho, naseningizimu ke elisemngceleni ne-Ukrainian SSR, futhi entshonalanga - ne Romania. Ngo-1989, abantu bakhona kwaba abantu abayizinkulungwane 4337. Chisinau City laliyinhloko-dolobha ye-MSSR.

Emadolobheni amakhulu ase-eMoldova ngo-1989, kwakunenani Chisinau (abakhileyo 667,100), Tiraspol (181 900 izakhamuzi), Balti (abakhileyo 158 500), Bender (abakhileyo 130 000). Phakathi neminyaka amandla Soviet emadolobheni amancane ayengaphansi anda edolobheni Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat.

Ukujoyina i-USSR eBessarabia

Uhulumeni waseSoviet, ngo-1940, 26 no-27 Juni, wathumela amanothi amabili ubuholi Romanian, okuyinto yafuna ngokushesha ukuqedela umsebenzi eBessarabia. Romanian umqhele umkhandlu ayikwazanga ukuthola ukusekelwa eJalimane nase-Italy, kwadingeka ngakho ukunika imvume umbuso wamaSoviet. UHulumeni Romanian yokutholwa amanothi isiphakamiso kusukela ngoJuni 28, 1940 ku ukubuya eBessarabia, ngendlela futhi isikhathi ukuhoxiswa uqhekeko olukhona kanye nokuphatha. IRed Army amayunithi langena ngosuku olufanayo (28 Juni) esifundazweni eBessarabia RSFSR.

Ukuphatha Army 9th yahlakazeka ngo-July 10. EBessarabia nezwe ibutho oshiywe la mazwe baba ingxenye Odessa Military District.

kumiswa

Ngo-1940, August 2, aphethwe VII session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR eyamukela umthetho phezu ukusungulwa kwe-Union of the iMoldavian Republic.

IMoldavian SSR ukubunjwa walo kwakunamafasitela kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo: 6 izifunda of eBessarabia (Bender, Balti, Chisinau, Cahul, Soroca, Orhei) kanye 6 izifunda ayengaphansi iMoldavian ASSR (. Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia) Imikhakha asele MASSR futhi Ismail, Akkerman futhi Khotin nezifunda eBessarabia bayiswa Ukrainian SSR.

Kamuva, ngo-1940, ku-4 Novemba, eU.SSR Supreme Soviet KaHulumeni isikhipha umyalo eyaqinisekisa ushintsho lwemingcele phakathi MSSR futhi i-USSR. Ngaphambi nje kwalesi, Molotov futhi Schulenburg isivumelwano ezengeziwe, ngaphakathi accordance nga it abantu German kusuka Northern eBukovina (ezingaphezu kuka 14.000) kanye Southern eBessarabia (mayelana 100,000) bathunyelwa eJalimane. Khona-ke phezu emazweni ezingenalutho bona Kwamiswa amapulazi, lapho abantu beze e-Ukraine.

Ukudalwa iMoldavian SSR kwenziwa ngokushesha. Isakhiwo republic kufakwe 61 c isiphetho enihlala inani labantu abangu-55 000 (nemizana 14 ezindaweni wangaphambili MASSR, 1 ngomzana, Cahul wesifunda, 46 amadolobhana Bender County). Ngu Ukraine SSR wathutha nemizana 96 elinabantu abantu 203 000 (76 amadolobhana Khotyn wesifunda, 14 - Akkerman futhi 6 - Ismail izifunda).

Lezi zinguquko eshukunyiswa yokuthi emizaneni Ukraine SSR lidlule wanqoba labantu Bulgarian, Ukraine futhi Russian, wayiswa iMoldavian SSR - Gagauz kanye baseMoldova.

yi

Ngenxa yalokho, i-MSSR kwaba insimu siqu ayizinkulungwane 33,7 sq. Km, elinabantu imiphefumulo 2.7 million, lapho u-70% babe baseMoldova. Chisinau waba dolobha ye-republic. Emva kabusha eBessarabia, le iMoldavian SSR ilahlekelwe ayizinkulungwane 10 sq. Km komhlaba abantu abayizigidi ezingu-0.5.

Waboshwa futhi badingiselwa 8000 Ngo-1940, i- abantu bomdabu, futhi ngo-1941 13 June - ezingaphezu kuka-30 eziyinkulungwane.

EBessarabia phakathi neminyaka yempi

Phakathi izakhamuzi neMpi Yezwe Okwesibili eBessarabia nengxenye ekulweni e nhlangothi zombili alwayo. Ibutho Romanian nabizelwa 10,000 Bessarabians: balwa eSoviet Union, futhi ezingaphezu kwesigamu kubo onginike waphuma umphefumlo. Ukukhululwa kuka iMoldavian SSR kusukela umsebenzi Romanian kwenzeka ngo-1944. Uma republic wathatha amabutho aseSoviet, waya phambi 256 000 izakhamuzi Moldova, zazo e 1944-1945 ilahlekelwe izimpilo zabantu 40 592.

Isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu

Ngakho, siye sacabangela ukwakheka iMoldavian SSR. Kwakwenzenjani? Ukubuyiselwa emnothweni wezwe omusha wase-USSR isabelomali yengcebo wathunyelwa ruble ayizigidi ezingu-448. Okokuqala, amabhuloho savuka futhi imizila yokukhulumisana yonkana Dniester yamila emuva ibutho Romanian. iRed Army bathunyelwa kulungiswe imikhakha yezomnotho ezisiza bendawo. Konke Nistru bhuloho Septhemba 19, 1944 Kuye kwakhiwa, futhi eMoldova sebekwazi ukungenisa kwemishini. Ebusika 1945 republic bafakwe nemishini 22 izinhlangano ezinkulu.

Isimo somnotho

Ukubuyisela umkhakha iMoldavian SSR wathola amalahle (amathani 226,000), izinto ezisansimbi ayoni (amathani 20,000), imikhiqizo uwoyela (51 000 wamathani). Ngu Isifaniso nezinga ushukela ngo-1940 kukhiqizwe 1945 ezingaphezu kuka-16%, phezulu ijezi by 36%, uwoyela 84%, sitini 42%, ugesi nge 48% kanye lesikhumba izicathulo by 46%. 226 kwaba kabusha collective amapulazi 60.

republic Abaningi Soviet (ikakhulukazi RSFSR) Moldova idluliselwe izinkomo (10,800 ikhanda), imvu (47 700 ikhanda), imbewu (amathani 17.4), amahhashi (17 300 ikhanda), inqubo for processing Amasimu nokuningi. Nokho, ngo-1946, kwaba nendlala kanye nenani wezinkomo aqala ukuncipha. Ngakho, kuzo izimvu 25 000 nezimbuzi, inqobo RSFSR, ngo-1947 uye wahlala hhayi ningi than 18 000 amakhanda. Ngo-1949, abalimi elichumayo zixoshwa ezweni, futhi imishini yabo: imishini, umhlaba, imfuyo kanye nezitshalo - idluliselwe amapulazi collective.

indlala

Njengoba ubona, i usizo umxhwele wathola iMoldavian SSR. Indaba uya ukuthi naphezu kwale mizamo, kuleli zwe obumbi Nokho wafika ngo-1946, njengoba kwezinye izifunda zase-USSR. Ngo eBessarabia kwakukhona ukusweleka kokudla ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, ngisho ngo-1945, kwasa ehlobo ezomile. Ngenxa yokushoda kokudla inani emacaleni (ikakhulukazi ukweba) kwanda kakhulu.

Ngenxa komnotho, abalimi baye baqala ukuba senqabe nginikeze isivuno (ikakhulukazi isinkwa) amandla. Ngezinye izikhathi yonke le collective imikhiqizo bazoyiduba iqoqo. Lezi zehlakalo, iziphathimandla zendawo ngokuthi "amaqiniso uhlale okungenamsoco". Yingakho ubuholi be-USSR yakhululwa Moldova kusukela supply amalungiselelo athile kwezinye republic aseSoviet, kanye iRed Army.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela ngo-1947 kuya Moldova bevela eziningi zeSoviet Union amazwe izimpahla nokudla okuthe xaxa.

kweSoviet

Ubuholi Soviet ukuqhubeka inqubomgomo ngaphansi kweSoviet, 1940, okwesikhashana ngenxa yempi. Amandla ngamandla aqiniswa zwe. The Supreme Soviet of the iMoldavian Soviet Socialist Republic futhi uhulumeni sengibuyile ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi, kuqala afakwe Soroca, wabe esedlulela Chisinau. Umhlahlandlela kabusha iziphathimandla zendawo: yesifunda Amakomidi adalwa isabelo oqondile. Ekwindla ka-1944 waqala ukusebenza amakomidi idolobha esiphezulu, kanye yasemakhaya, isifunda kanye County. Kwakuthinta kabusha imisebenzi icala futhi bangaboshwa Isivivinyo.

KaHulumeni boPhezukonke Juni 16, 1949 yakhipha isimemezelo ku ukusungulwa wesifunda Amakomidi, kamasipala, County nasemphakathini. Okthoba 16 yanyatheliswa isimemezelo esisha liqine ukuqedwa izifunda nezigodi. Amathiphu - Ngo-December 1947, ukhetho lohulumeni bendawo kwahlelwa lizwe okokuqala ngemva kwempi. amakomiti Executive likhethwa kuseshini lokuqala namaSoviet. Iminyango ukuphathwa kanye ikhomishini ekhethekile wadala ngaphansi amakomiti esiphezulu.

nokuxoshwa

Abalimi, ngubani ephethwe lemali umxhwele yangasese, kusekelwa eRomania ngo-1941. Lesi sigaba wasala Moldova kuze 1949. Eminyakeni 1944-1945, ubuholi Soviet ngaphoqeleka ngempoqo dekulakize imiphakathi enjalo. Isibhakela ne isakhiwo amaphoyisa endawo endaweni wagqoka irekhodi. Uhulumeni waseSoviet ulinganisela ukuthi ngo-1946, bahlala ensimini ka Moldova 27 025 abanikazi eziqiwini ezizimele.

Ngemva kwempi, indlala ezweni, ukuze kube khona ukunyakaza futhi limelene namaSoviet. Phakathi izakhamuzi zasemakhaya ezithinteka kakhulu indlala, Kwasakazwa amapheshana ukubiza abantu ukuba simelane uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Kanye amapheshana emelene ngempela namaSoviet wakhipha isiqondiso zenkolo, babendlala behlelo wendawo.

Ngo-1949 April 6 Politburo we CPSU (b) lesinqumo ku eviction eBessarabia, wangaphambili cultists, kulaks, abanikazi bamazwe, osomabhizinisi kanye labo abasiza abahlaseli German futhi Romanian, wafike wasiza isikhulu Abamhlophe. Ngaphandle kwezwe evicted imindeni yonke. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "Operation" South ". Moldova 11 290 imindeni yabantu 40 860 zaxoshwa. sekudlule impahla Expropriated phakathi kwelifa loonyana isimo amandla collective amapulazi, izindlu kanye izakhiwo kudayiselwa ngabanye ezizimele.

Moldova wawuyingxenye eSoviet Union iminyaka engu-47 kwaze kwaba Agasti 27, 1991, phambi isimemezelo uzibuse.

division zokuphatha

Yini eye yenzeka amele iMoldavian SSR? izifunda zalo e inani amayunithi 52 zibangelwa sokuhlukanisa izifunda-November 11, 1940. 6 ezifundeni eziningi yezwe ithole kusukela iMoldavian ASSR.

Moldova labetibambile izifunda ezilandelayo:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky nezindawo);
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni nezindawo);
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova futhi Străşeni);
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, futhi Kangazsky Ciadîr Lunga-izifunda);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski nezindawo);
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti nezindawo Suslensky).

Moldova kwadingeka kulandela Republican ozongenela ukhetho, engqungqutheleni izifunda:

• Dubossarskii;
• Grigoriopol;
• Rybnitsa;
• Kamensky;
• Tiraspol;
• Slobozia.

Yini enye possessed iMoldavian SSR? Republican ozongenela ukhetho, engqungqutheleni idolobha babelandela kuleli lizwe:

• Chisinau;
• Balti;
• Bender;
• Tiraspol.

ubuholi

Ngakho, iMoldavian Soviet Socialist Republic wawuyingxenye iSoviet Union ngo-1940. ukuphathwa kwalo abaphezulu esibonise le baseMoldova Communist Party, okuyinto wawuyingxenye CPSU. Ngo-1990, imihlangano ukhetho ahlukahlukene waqala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi sakhiwo esiphezulu LamaKhomanisi we MSSR kwaba iKomiti Central (CC). Ngo 1940-1990 yena ephethwe unobhala wokuqala wezwe wamaphoyisa eMoldova CP.

Ngo-1990, ngemuva kokhetho Apreli, akha umfelandawonye we "Popular Front" (izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi lamaKhomanisi) namanye amalungu abaphathi besikhungo baseMoldova Communist Party, wenqaba ezazifundisa ubuKhomanisi. Lokhu kwabonakala ukusatshalaliswa okuthunyelwe ehola: ekuqaleni kwazo amandla esiphezulu wema abamele "Yabantu Front", futhi zomthetho - yangaphambili amaKhomanisi. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 27 kuya ku-September 3, 1990 okuthunyelwe uSihlalo of the Supreme Soviet of the iMoldavian labetibambile Mircea Snegur. Its okufanayo ngo-1990, September 3 wakhethwa Umengameli wezwe. Mircea Druk kwaba Usihlalo Council of Ministers 25 Meyi 1990 kuya ku-28 Meyi 1991, khona-ke lesi sikhundla kwakuhlezi Muravskiy Valery.

Esiphakeme Council

Yayiyini sakhiwo esiphezulu umthetho Moldova eminyakeni 1940-1991? Kwakuwusuku Ephakeme Council (unicameral), okuyinto amasekela (ngaphandle okhethweni 1991), abangu akhethwe kokuphikiswa ngesisekelo eminyakeni 4 (iminyaka engu-5 kusukela 1979). Ngaphambi kokuthi kuyiwe okhethweni, ukhetho evunywe kobuholi iCommunist Party of Moldova.

UMkhandlu Ophakeme hhayi inhlangano unomphela, amalungu aso babebuthana izikhathi 2-3 ngonyaka kuseshini, eyathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuze siqhube zokuphatha umsebenzi osopolitiki ngokuqhubekayo akhethwe likaMongameli ukusebenza, kubhekwe ikhanda lilonke republic.

elingenamikhono izingalo

Manje cabanga elingenamikhono izingalo iMoldavian SSR. Lena uphawu kazwelonke we iMoldavian SSR, esekelwe elingenamikhono izingalo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngokwalo mbiko 167th soMthethosisekelo Moldova, evunyiwe ngo-1978, ngo-Ephreli 15, iqukethe umfanekiso kwesando isikela, ibekwa elangeni. Lokhu Ukwakheka lizungezwe izikhwebu, izikhwebu, samagrebhisi kanye iribhoni elibomvu, lapho kukhona imibhalo eqoshiwe: ezansi kukhona izincwadi ebonakalayo "RSSM" ngakwesokudla, ungafunda isiqubulo isiRashiya, On kwesokunxele - lena ibinzana abhalwe "sabasebenzi emazweni onke, hlanganani!" ulimi baseMoldova. Ngesikhathi phezulu elingenamikhono izingalo ehlotshiswe inkanyezi ezinhlanu olucijile.

Itshwayo lesiTjhaba we iMoldavian SSR has izinguqulo eziningana. Ekuqaleni, Kuthi sihlukile isipelingi sekwedlule igama elithi "ukuhlanganisa" ulimi baseMoldova nobude imisebe yelanga. Ijazi izikhali weRiphabhulikhi sivunyiwe kuseshini okuzobe kukhona kuwo uhulumeni eMoldova, eyaqala ngo-1990, ku-3 Novemba.

ifulege

Futhi kubonakala sengathi ifulegi iMoldavian SSR? Kuyinto unxande Indwangu amabili emaceleni zibomvu, maphakathi lapho yobude obugcwele zaveza umugqa oluhlaza. On ingemuva obomvu ekhoneni elingenhla kwesokunxele base ingxenye liwuphawu MSSR - isando isikela kanye emihlanu wakhomba inkanyezi segolide obomvu, azungeza ikholomu umngcele segolide.

Green band ithatha omunye wesine ububanzi lendwangu. Hammer isikela alotshiwe i square ngengqondo ngakubani sifana wesihlanu ububanzi ifulege. Isibambo isando isikela emakhoneni engezansi isikwele, futhi blade isikela oba esikhungweni ohlangothini layo elingenhla.

inkanyezi Five enamaphoyinti nayo kusenzo ezivamile umbuthano ubukhulu ilingana lweshumi ububanzi kuwebhu. MSSR ukuphathwa evunyiwe leli fulegi sango-January 31, ngo-1952. iphaneli Landelayo kuboniswe esihlokweni 168 soMthethosisekelo we MSSR 1978.

Sithemba ukuthi ngemva kokufunda isihloko sethu, uthola isithombe esiphelele iMoldavian SSR.