Colombia - republic noma kwamakhosi? Climate, ezikhangayo, izithombe

ubunjalo elimangalisayo, kuhlanganise emahlathini omangalisayo Amazon kanye nasezintabeni eziphakeme zase-Andes kungabonakala kule ndawo ikhiphe unqambothi lomculo. Ngisho izivakashi onokuqonda kunazo wahambela amazwe amaningi emhlabeni, kuthinta ubuhle ngalokho akubona lapha. Le ndawo - Colombia, ogama indawo emabhishi engcono bonke eLatin America.

Kulesi sihloko sizobona ukuthi uphendule imibuzo ethile mayelana kuleli zwe emangalisayo. Yiziphi izici kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo? Colombia - republic noma kwamakhosi? Yiziphi izici imvelo nesimo sezulu? Sitshele mayelana labantu kanye nesikhundla ezindawo ka uhlobo cuisine kazwelonke nokunye okuningi.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Colombia - lalisemzileni oya eNingizimu Melika. She - kuphela phakathi amazwe aseNingizimu Melika kabani osogwini olusenyakatho bahlanza ngasoLwandle Caribbean (esidayisa ukuba Atlantic Ocean) kanye ePacific Ocean.

Uhulumeni eminyakeni yamuva, imizamo ebalulekile sokuthuthukiswa ezibanzi ezokuvakasha nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha izihambi futhi amaholide. Beautiful ocebile yemvelo ezikhangayo republic.

Gran Colombia - ezweni nemvelo yayo ocebile futhi umlando namasiko. Njalo ekhoneni futhi kuyo yonke imizi yaleli isimo ongamtshela esidlule nelukuluku futhi abakhileyo kulo.

Colombia (Republic): izithombe, indawo

Colombia ithatha esifundeni enyakatho ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Kusukela empumalanga ke elisemngceleni namazwe ezifana Venezuela naseBrazil, elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga - ne Panama, naseningizimu - ne Ecuador kanye nasePeru. ingxenye yayo enyakatho ubizwa wageza yi iCaribbean Sea, entshonalanga - Pacific Ocean.

Inani indawo isimo - 1.141.748 sq. amakhilomitha, ubude umngcele - 6004 km. Ungumnikazi iziqhingi eziningana Colombia.

Republic ivuliwe sezwe ezinjalo, sezwe okuyinto ebukeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ingxenye esentshonalanga Colombia Andes entabeni simiso empumalanga - ne ithafa eyihlanze, naseningizimu-mpumalanga - ehlathini. Eliphansi emathafeni yokwelula ezingasogwini, kancane oluthatha zokhahlamba Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke lapha Colon Cristobal (engamamitha 5775 amamitha).

Omkhulu uMfula i-Amazon welula engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe indawo Colombian, futhi p. Orinoco ageleza eya empumalanga.

labantu

Colombia - Republic, iningi labantu uhlala ezindaweni sezintaba engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe. Futhi abantu ngokuvamile hlela on emincane futhi kungaphelele esilinganayo komunye nomunye izigodi emfuleni. Inani labantu yezwe - abantu abangaphezu kuka-46 million. Okwesithathu sabantu - abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, futhi ingxenye kweziyisithupha Colombian uhlala edolobheni dolobha yalelo zwe - Santa Fe de Bogota.

Uma inhloko-dolobha wemizi emikhulu kakhulu Colombia Cali, Medellin Barranquilla. Ubude e Columbia iyikhaya cishe 75% wezindleko isimo sabantu.

Ngokuya Ukwakheka yobuhlanga, cishe ngo-58% - metises, omhlophe (European) 20%, mulatto - mayelana 14%, 4% - Negros kanye 3% no 1% ngokulandelana, namaNdiya Sambo. 90% Colombia lenkolo yabo - Catholic, 5% -hristiane.

inhlokodolobha

Inhloko-dolobha ye-Colombia - Bogota. Kulumuzi sebebonke abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-11. AbaseSpain wawusekela kwisayithi ye amaNdiya encane Fort e 1538.

Isikhulu ulimi, inkolo

Ulimi olusemthethweni Spanish kuleli zwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Colombia Lahlala ngezilimi zaseNdiya ezingu-75, kodwa isibalo sabo lehla njalo ngonyaka.

polity

Ukuzibusa ngaphandle ikoloni iSpanishi, Colombia lithole ngoJulayi 1810, futhi ngegama lalo lamanje (Republic of Colombia) litholakala ngo-1886.

NgokoMthethosisekelo (1991), Colombia republic iholwa ngumengameli, zikhethwe kabusha njalo eminyakeni 4 ngevoti jikelele ethandwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uhulumeni iholwa i ikhanda kuqokwa we the Republic.

Gran Colombia ephalamende bicameral, ebizwa ngokuthi i-National Congress, okuyiqembu yena, siqukethe the House of Abamele (amalungu 166) kanye isiGele (lapho 102 senators).

The main amaqembu ezombusazwe yilezi ezilandelayo: ". Shintsho olukhulu" Social Party of National Unity, ube nesandla esivulekile, olandelanayo, Party zeNational Intergration,

Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo ihlukaniswe neminyango (futhi - omasipala) kanye Capital District of Colombia.

sezulu Columbia

Nakuba Columbia futhi etholakala cishe enkabazwe, ngenxa umehluko engamamitha it has sezulu esishintshashintshayo amane (ikakhulukazi subequatorial futhi enkabazwe). Eminyakeni eminingi (83%), nivela kokungekho 1000 m kusuka kolwandle. Sea. Kulezi zindawo ezomhlaba lokushisa + 24C. Okusele (9%) itholakala ezingeni ukuphakama 1000-2000 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, lapho umoya lokushisa kwemini cishe + 18C. Kukhona ukuphakama futhi kuze kufinyelele 3000 metres, nezinga lokushisa lapho okungukuthi + 12C.

Ogwini Caribbean nenkathi eyomile - kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-March, futhi lonke ngonyaka - ngezinkathi zemvula. Cishe akukho inkathi engenazo izimvula kwa lokhu coast Pacific.

Biota

A ezihlukahlukene elikhulu yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kuyinto Colombia. Republic, lapho Pacific ezisezansi, has amahlathi emvula siluhlaza, uphi ogwini Caribbean, esisuka imihlume. Savannah yibona, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, enyakatho-mpumalanga nasempumalanga. Andes amelela ehlathini nezihlahla.

Futhi izwe kwezilwane zahlukahlukene: kwezinhlobo eziningi izinambuzane, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo nenhlanzi.

I ezithandeka kakhulu nezilwane ngobuningi, ukuphela ethile ethakazelisa ngokukhethekile izivakashi: ama-jaguar, izimvemvane, umzwilili, futhi piranha.

Olwandle, nasemachibini, futhi eMfuleni iColumbia

Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye yezwe, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ubizwa wageza ngu ngoba uLwandle LwaseCaribbean noLwandle entshonalanga - Pacific Ocean. Oceanside has a ubude - 3208 km. nezinga lokushisa amanzi ogwini - + 26C.

emifuleni amathathu egeleza badabula leyo ndawo Colombia: eningizimu-mpumalanga - Amazon, entshonalanga - emfuleni Magdalena, empumalanga - the Orinoco. Magdalena - ukukhangana enkulu engokwemvelo exotic (1600 km), okuyinto has Republic of Colombia.

amadolobha zomlando, kubo Izibuyekezo

Idolobha elikhulu Colombia - Bogota, Cali, Medellin, Cucuta, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Bucaramanga.

Uphenyo uhambo kuleli zwe emangalisayo, kuleli dolobha mlando, emihle kakhulu. ethandwa Ikakhulukazi evakashele edolobheni, walondoloza nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu izikhathi wamakoloni.

Lapha ungakwazi ukubona idolobha enhle amasonto amaningi walondoloza kwesikhathi - Popayan. Izivakashi usithande Umklamo omuhle zezindela kanye iminyuziyamu (ngekhulu le-16).

Kungokufanayo emangalisayo izakhiwo yezakhiwo kungabonakala emzini Cali. Omunye ezikhangayo esemqoka kulo muzi ubizwa kwabaningi Faralones de Kanaberaleho (National Park), lapho Ukulwa Nezinkunzi Kwenziwa njalo eyaziwa.

ULeticia isendaweni ibhange elikhulu UMfula i-Amazon (eduze komngcele Peru-Brazil). He dumisa okubizwa ngokuthi Isiqhingi we Izinkawu, lapho lezi zilwane bahlala inani mayelana 1,000.

Perfect lokuvakasha Republic of Colombia.

zokungcebeleka

EColombia, ungabona walondoloza izikhumbuzo zomlando yezimpucuko amaNdiya Andes enamandla futhi engaqondakali. Kukhona amapaki ezithakazelisayo bemivubukulo Tierradentro futhi San Agustin. Babona i yamathuna lasendulo.

Izivakashi ungavakashela futhi bheka ubudala edolobheni iSpanishi nge kahle walondoloza kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-yesimanje izikhumbuzo omangalisayo bokwakhiwa ephakathi (Spanish). Kuyinto amadolobha afana Tunja (Spanish wawusekela ngo-1539), Villa de Leyva (isizinda - 1572) futhi Santa Cruz de Mompoks (izisekelo ngo-1540).

I-Republic of Colombia sesinesethi izinqolobane kazwelonke amapaki lapho ungabona izinyoni ezinhle amahle izilwane: amapaki kazwelonke we Sierra uMacarena, uTyrone, Farallones de Cali iNational Natural Park, Chiribikete, Ensenada de Morning, Paramilo National Park esiqhingini Gorgon.

Izivakashi e izivakashi Colombia uphiwa izinkambo ezithakazelisayo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuphila amaNdiya endawo. Lapha ungakwazi futhi uvakashele endaweni okwazalelwa kuyo Umbhali odumile - Colombian Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-1,700 zezinyoni eColombia.

isiko

Colombia - republic nge isiko khuphela emasikweni asendulo nemicikilisho amaNdiya kanye abomdabu of Afrika naseYurophu (Spanish). It kuvela ukuthi kuba - ezweni kwamasiko amabili lapho zonke izifunda babe izici zawo siqu esiyingqayizivele.

Isiko sabantu Andes inethonya elinamandla European. Futhi labantu Caribbean - inhlanganisela Afrika namaNdiya. LwasePacific amasiko eduze Afrika. Ngesisekelo isiko esifundeni sase-Amazon kukhona amasiko Indian.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esifundeni ngasinye has amaholide ayo Colombian.

Amaholide

abantu Colombian kakhulu othanda carnivals. Elikhulu kunawo wonke wabo ngoJanuwari (e pasto) futhi February (Carnival Barranquilla).

Of Fairs, imikhosi kanye nemibukiso kufanele uqaphele lokhu okulandelayo:

• Cali Fair.

• Imbali Bonisa e Medellin.

• International Music Festival Caribbean.

• Theatre Festival (Latin American).

• Festival e emzini waseCartagena.

Colombia - Republic othanda abantu futhi iyakwazi ukuba ujabule. Futhi umsebenzi ngabo, kakhulu, akuzona endaweni yokugcina. Njalo ngonyaka kuthiwa ngebhayisikili "Uhambo Columbia" (March kuya ku-April). Ngokuvamile lapha imincintiswano ku ithenisi, ibhola kanye nezinye imidlalo. Futhi Ukulwa Nezinkunzi kuyingxenye ebalulekile isiko yalesi sizwe.

Iningi imikhosi bayasonta ngokwemvelo, isibonelo, kweNyuka, umkhosi Inhliziyo Engcwele kaJesu, St Day. Joseph.

Colombian cuisine kazwelonke

Enkabeni yalo, cuisine kazwelonke yaleli zwe - amasiko esungulwe lapha phambi kuvulwa Columbus yayo. Kwezwakala kokubili amathonya European nase-Asia.

Ngesisekelo cishe zonke izitsha zabo ezakha ubhontshisi, imifino, irayisi futhi ezihlukahlukene ezinuka kamnandi.

cuisine Colombian wehlukile kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi engavamile. Konke kuncike esifundeni. Nye of them fana udle izintuthwane okuthosiwe, okuyinto ngeke simthinte nezinye izindawo.

ukugcizelela Omkhulu ngokuvamile kuleli zwe ukwenza inyama izitsha. Nokho, Ezindaweni ezisogwini, ubuswa izitsha ezivela lobster, inhlanzi kanye kwasolwandle, avame kakhulu okulungiselelwe lukakhukhunathi sauce.

I-Republic of Colombia has a eyinqaba, engavamile izivakashi eziningi cuisine kazwelonke. Ngakho-ke, njengoba umthetho, isincomo izivakashi zama kuphela ezinye izitsha. Lawa: inkukhu isobho nge amazambane, Capers, ukwatapheya, corn kanye ukhilimu omuncu; Ummbila amakhekhe like pancake; irayisi ngobisi lukakhukhunathi; isobho alube ne anyanisi oluhlaza kanye namaqanda; steamed kwasolwandle; ingulube nge ubhontshisi obomvu; inyama okugazingiwe nge amazambane nge ngokhova ethosiwe kanye nomdumbula; irayisi-kakhukhunathi Pudding kanye nezinye izitsha inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, izithelo kanye nemifino.

I iziphuzo bendabuko kanye kabanzi kunazo lapha kukhona ikhofi, ushokoledi ashisayo, umoba kanye namanzi kalamula, izithelo ayo, utshwala futhi - ubhiya, utshwala (mhlanga vodka).

uphuzo oludakayo: oludakayo Aguardiente (wenza umoba ne-anise ngamandla 29%), chicha (isiphuzo isibilile elayisi, ushukela nobisi), Canelazo (ijusi yezithelo nesinamoni).

zokungcebeleka

Colombia - Republic kokuba ogwini Caribbean ezinye izindawo zokungcebeleka lovely big - Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta. Budebuduze ogwini kukhona iziqhingi, indawo ekahle izivakashi: Providencia, Santa Catalina futhi San Andres. amabhishi yabo enhle nge isihlabathi esimhlophe kanye fabulously amahle nezixhobo zamakhorali balujabulela izivakashi eziningi.

Konke lokhu zokungcebeleka anikele ezihlukahlukene amasevisi izivakashi: amahhotela, amakilabhu, izitolo nezindawo zokudlela. I uhlala kuphela izivakashi ampofu Pacific coast engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe, nakuba kukhona emabhishi amahle, kanye ogwini Caribbean. On lezi osogwini olusenyakatho kanye amachweba amahle iziqhingi. I negative kuphela - ngokuvamile lina.

Ekuphetheni - mayelana nokuthi kungenwa kanjani Colombia

zokungcebeleka Kunemibala futhi ezikhangayo kuyinto Colombia (Republic). Uyithola kanjani kuye, ukubona lezi zindawo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ukuchitha ngamaholide?

EColombia ezivela eRussia izindiza ngqo lapho. Ukuze uthole indiza engafinyelelwa kuphela imizila yokuba sendleleni nge ukudluliselwa zezindiza eMelika noma Europe.

Isuka EFrance zikhona njalo izindiza ngqo Bogota, kanye ne-Amsterdam and Madrid.

Abaningi North American (Washington, Atlanta, Houston, kanye nabanye.) Futhi-South America emadolobheni (Caracas, Buenos Aires, Quito, kanye nabanye.) Ingabe ngokuqondile exhumene ne Bogota.

Colombian El Dorado Airport kuyinto km 15 kusukela maphakathi Bogota.

Ukuze sibone ubuhle emangalisayo yemvelo omangalisayo Colombia, kubalulekile ukuze uthumele indiza side kakhulu.