62M Ilyushin: izici lobuchwepheshe, umlando kanye nezithombe

Uma uhlelo yezokuthutha - igazi lanoma yiluphi umnotho emhlabeni, ukuthuthwa umgibeli kungenziwa ngokuthi "plasma" igazi uqobo. Ngcono, ngokushesha futhi kangcono isimo uyakwazi ukuhambisa abantu insimu yayo, le kancane i- "Backwoods" okungukuthi, kuba lula ukusungula nokuxhumana wonke umbuso kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Kahle kakhulu e-USSR. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi umsebenzi eziningi IL Edo baba 62M.

Breakthrough ngesikhathi indiza ethwele abagibeli wabonisa ukuthi umkhakha Soviet uyakwazi nje kuphela ukukhiqizwa nezempi ku esikalini umxhwele.

Izici Key

Indiza libhekene injini ezingemuva-agibele amahhashi kanye ukumiswa design akhethekile. It lakhiwe edume okb Ilyushin futhi kamuva lobunikazi emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye. Yayihlanganisa United Kingdom, e-Italy, eFrance, eJalimane, eCzechoslovakia, Japan. Akumangazi ukuthi kangaka kwaqashwa IL 62M, inkanyezi phezu fuselage, okwakuwuphawu isiqinisekiso izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Umshini ine ukusatshalaliswa okunengqondo kakhulu uyaca, ukuze isisindo salo cishe izindiza ezifanayo ne izinjini ngaphansi kwelinye iphiko. Isici esiphawulekayo IL 62M, izimfanelo okuyinto izincwadi esizifundayo, kuyinto engavamile isinyathelo ukuqaliswa emaphethelweni ehola wamaphiko (ngesimo Uqhwaku). Kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa kakhulu ukuzinza izindiza, kuhlanganise engele ezibucayi zokuhlasela. Iphiko futhi iye ekhiqizwa usebenzisa decompression ubuchwepheshe bamuva ezihilela eziphansi ekubumbeni. Kungenzeka ukuba ningabi nje kuphela lula, kodwa futhi kakhulu ukuqinisa lonke isakhiwo.

Feathering ukwenziwa wesifunda T emise, isisindo sawo kanye nosayizi zincane kunalokho cishe yonke analogs. Naphezu nokushiyeka wale ndlela, lokhu kusebenza ukuvumele izikhathi eziningana yokuthuthukisa manageability siyiqiniso umshini omusha, ukuklanywa okuyinto ususwe besiyoba sikhulu kakhulu futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi izixazululo okuthembekile.

Okokhelekayo amathangi asezindaweni ezikahle kulo lonke span iphiko, kuhlanganise kwesigaba isikhungo. Ilyushin 62M esiyingqayizivele okungenani ngoba ikuvumela ukuba akhumule nomunye injini kuhlulekile. Fly futhi umhlaba umshini ofanayo can, ngokuvamile kokuba amabili ehluleka motor. komsebenzi Multiple ngokubhujiswa kwazo zonke izinhlangano, lathathwa Aerospace nobuchwepheshe ezempi, kungaba ngcono ukuthembeka Avionics lonke ku-oda.

Izizathu sokuthuthukiswa imoto entsha

Kukhula umgibeli nempahla eU.SSR ungene ngesiwombe sesibili 50-yalolucwaningo, lapho ukusebenza waqala ukuba izindiza ophephela ngamandla. Lezi imishini avunyelwe ukuba baphathe ngesikhathi esisodwa inani elikhulu izimpahla, futhi ukwenza kanjalo kungaba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kwaba isizathu ukuthi kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1959 ivolumu yizimpahla traffic lenyuka kanye izikhathi eziyishumi.

Akumangalisi, osomnotho futhi civil zezindiza ochwepheshe cishe ngokushesha uthole i-oda ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze udale izindiza ezishibhile nesingakhangi eyenza ukuthuthwa kwabantu nezimpahla ngaphakathi Insimu Union.

Kuyanda KB Ilyushin

ngesikhathi CB Ilyushin kuphela esephuze nesipiliyoni izinsiza, kodwa ngoba kwaba ochwepheshe wakhe wokuqala waqala ukuklama uhlobo olusha izindiza. Kakade 1960 yena Ilyushin unxusa uhulumeni wase-USSR ehlongozwayo ukudalwa umshini, kamuva wathola igama 62M IL. Akuhlosiwe ukuhlomisa izindiza izinjini RD-23-600, ogama ukuthuthukiswa eyayiholwa a SK abanamakhono Tumansky.

Izici Eyabikezelwa

Okokuqala, nabaqambi bazitshela ukuthi indiza okuthwala abagibeli 50 150. Ibanga Kwakuhlelwe "ukuze ajabulise" ngaphakathi 4500-8500 km. Izinjini Abaklami wafuna beka esigabeni umsila. Ngokuvamile, ngesisekelo IL 62M sibonelo kwaba amanga Umqondo wokuthi IL-18. Futhi bakhonza njengendikimba ugqozi imoto French "Caravel" isikhundla yayo stabilizers lapho kugamanxa ukuphakama keel.

Njengoba ngisho nombono eqinisekile ngekusasa IL 62M kahle saveza, uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe wase-USSR yokutholwa isiphakamiso ngokushesha. Ukulungiswa kuhilela ukuthuthukiswa kwendiza, okuyinto eklasini kwezomnotho fly ibanga hhayi ngaphansi kuka 4500 km, kanjalo aye 165 izihlalo. Ukudalwa "okunethezeka" izimoto unqambothi nazo enikeziwe. indiza yayo ububanzi kwaba kakade 6700 km 100 ... izihlalo 125 abagibeli, ngokulandelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kobuholi okb Kuznetsova athunywa ukuba wakha injini entsha NK-8.

isakhiwo Izici

Ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni izindiza Soviet wakhethwa isikimu ngomsila-injini. Lokhu akuzange kuzenzakalele. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa usebenzisa lesi sisombululo design ungase uthole olunye uphiko "ukuhlanzeka" has ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya kakhulu. Lezi zimo zokuma zibalulekile ukuthi indiza, okuyinto obekumele ukukhulula ngisho on onguthelawayeka eside siphela emoyeni ezweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo okunjalo ihilela ukufundisa obandayo kunokwethenjelwa futhi elula lift ichopho. Njengoba sazi ukuthi izinjini atholiwe kude enkulu ithangi, landa kakhulu ukuphepha kwabagibeli, uma ngenxa yesizathu esithile kukhona umlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni of Uhobhane isikhathi eside, kakhulu ziyancipha amazinga omsindo egumbini umgibeli, futhi uncishiswe zero ukonakaliswa izindiza isakhiwo jet aphumayo ezakhiwe eziphakeme ngokwedlulele lokushisa amagesi.

Njengoba izitshalo amandla zitholakala eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze eksisi longitudinal we fuselage, kwakunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umphumela esiyingozi kakhulu. yaw isilinganiso, okuyinto kubangelwa ukwehluleka omunye izinjini. Ekugcineni, leli qhinga efanayo kuhilela ukwenqaba umsila esikhulu ngokweqile, ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa isisindo isiyonke imoto (ngemcondvo).

Namuhla singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukusungulwa umgibeli izindiza Tu - okokugcina inani okb Ilyushin. Lokho ochwepheshe Bureau okokuqala kule izindiza yasekhaya is hhayi kuphela obusingethwe metal umqondo omusha yentuthuko, kodwa futhi waliyisa ukuphelela.

Nemibi kusakhiwo esisha

Kodwa kwakukhona version nge injini umsila nemibi, ezinye zazo gade abalulekile ngempela. Okokuqala, i-mass indiza uyogcina namanje matasa ngokwengeziwe ngokomoya njengoba adingekayo ukuze sisabalalise yonke ingxenye umsila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphiko kungukuthi zithululwe motors (abavumela ukuba sinciphise ukucindezeleka okungajwayelekile asendabeni).

Okwesibili, ngenxa nokubekwa izinjini kuze kube manje, kwakudingeka kakhulu ukudlulisa yonke imishini fuel, okuyinto kunomphumela omubi nokwethenjelwa jikelele design. Ekugcineni, ngenxa "nahlobuchivaniya" izinjini phezu umsila, ngokucijile ushintshe yonke ukuqondanisa kwendiza, okuyinto futhi wanika eziningi izinkinga njengoba Abaklami nama-pilot wezokuThutha indiza.

Kungani lesi sifunda okwamanje esenziwayo?

Zonke ngalolu daba Ukuqhathanisa zikhathi emihle nemibi. Lapho onjiniyela kubhekwe ngokuningiliziwe okusalungiswa izikimu IL 62M, izimfanelo okwakukhona ukuphumelela isikhathi zalo, namanje ukuthatha isinqumo omuhle kwethulwa version ukukhiqizwa ngayo injini ezingemuva-agibele amahhashi. Kuyinto kungalungile ukusho ukuthi Kwasekusithi emva mpikiswano okukhulu. Futhi ochwepheshe Ungaqonda ukuthi ukuqaphela leli qhinga, saba ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezinzima sakhiwo.

Ngakho, ikakhulukazi IL 62M (mes lwaziswa) idale esiyingqayizivele navigation system okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba izwe indiza kanye sezulu esibi kakhulu nemibandela Meteorological. Ngokokuqala ngqá isilawuli uhlelo okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele iye yasetshenziswa, okwakusho izindiza lokhu usayizi futhi umthamo, ngisho nanamuhla, akuyona into ejwayelekile. nokwethenjelwa esiphezulu kanye lula - lawa timphawu letehlukene we IL 62M. EU.SSR (86,513 ibhodi - omunye okumbalwa sad) seliphinde wakwazi ukwakha imoto elula ngempela kodwa kakhulu.

izici komsebenzi

• amamitha Okugcwele namaphiko - 43.2.
• Inani endaweni iphiko ebusweni, m² - 279,55.
• Ubude obukhulu we fuselage, m - 53,12.
• The main umzimba ubude, amamitha - 49,00.
• Ukuphakama isilinganiso amamitha nezindlu - 12,35.
• Shanela iphiko ° - 32,5 ° (25% of the line imisindo).
• Ubuningi indiza ububanzi, km - 10 000-11 050.
• Umkhawulo indiza isisindo, amathani - 161.6 (165/167 kusukela ukulungiswa).
• Base chassis amamitha - 24,48.
• Ubuningi ithrekhi chassis amamitha - 6.8.
• Sihamba ngesivinini esiphelele - 850 km / h.
• ngesivinini esiphezulu - 870 km / h.
• ukuphakama ophahleni amakhilomitha - 12.

Uyini umehluko umshini onenkomba "M" kusukela ezazingaphambi kwayo?

Lezi izindiza, okuyizinto ukuguqulwa okulula IL-62 turbofan izinjini babe D-30KU. Ziyakwazi ukonga kakhudlwana futhi kangcono ukuhambisana namazinga omhlaba emkhakheni nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Keel kanye stabilizers elinikwe kulezi imishini okungcono ngokuya yezinto ezihamba emoyeni iyiqiniso, ukuma. Ngenxa ukufakwa entsha onjiniyela kudivayisi Goal bakwazi kakhulu ukunciphisa ukumelana emoyeni lapho zindiza. Ngokwandisa amandla we ugibelile fuel uhlelo, le mishini ungenza izindiza eside.

Futhi, ezinye imishini indiza, izindiza design ungeze electronics ngaphezulu isishintshanisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicelo eziningi we-pilot, esimanjemanje air-conditioning system e-cab yengeziwe. It bavunyelwe kakhulu ukunciphisa izinga ukukhathala kwabashayeli bezindiza ngesikhathi izindiza eside, ikakhulukazi imizila ngamazwe.

Ekuphetheni

Imoto iye ngokuphindaphindiwe ihlolwe uvumelana nayo yonke namazinga omhlaba. Kuze kube manje IL 62M, salon okuyinto ijwayelekile abomdabu eziningi zase-USSR, eziqhutshwa kokubili ngaphakathi ezweni kanye emizileni ngamazwe. Ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni izindiza civil isiRashiya, iningi lalezi izindiza ayenziwa ukuthekelisa, futhi amanye amazwe aye ayethanda ukuqasha lezi izindiza traffic yayo yasekhaya. Lena indaba indiza IL 62M.