Kuyini ezintabeni eligoqiwe: izibonelo. izintaba ngezigaba

Ingaphezulu umhlaba ngoba amaphesenti amane imbozwe ezintabeni. Lokhu ifomu wokukhululeka, emele ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange phakathi lonke ensimini, nge kokuphakama izinguquko eziphawulekayo - kuze kube amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ezintabeni umugqa pretty kucacile esinqeni emthambekeni, kodwa ngokuvamile - elaliphansi.

Thola ezintabeni eligoqiwe kumephu silula, ngoba ezintabeni, njengoba enjalo, kukhona yonke indawo, ngokuphelele wonke amazwekazi ngisho esiqhingini ngasinye. Somewhere kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu endaweni ethile - kancane, ezifana e-Australia. Ngo-Antarctica yabo efihla ice ungqimba. The esiphezulu (kanti uthumbu), uhlelo yezintaba - zaseHimalaya, waqopha - Andes, lapho yokwelula yonkana yonke eNingizimu Melika iminyaka eyisikhombisa nengxenye amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane.

Uneminyaka emingaki entabeni

Izintaba - njengoba abantu, nabo bangase babe abasha, ovuthiwe futhi ubudala. Kodwa uma abantu kuka Encane kakhulu ngokushelela ke nxazonke ezintabeni: sezwe emaweni futhi ephakeme kubonisa esemncane.

Izintaba ubudala kanye nesisombululo esigqokwa, bawenze isicaba ukuphakama akuyona umehluko omkhulu kangaka. Ngokwesibonelo, Pamir - ezintabeni abasha kanye Ural - ubudala, yiliphi show khadi.

Izimpawu impumuzo

izintaba eligoqiwe kukhona isakhiwo ebalulekile, kodwa ngenxa ukucwaningwa okuningiliziwe kakhulu kuyadingeka ukwazi izimiso ezenze izici jikelele impumuzo. Lokhu awasebenzi kuphela ezintabeni eziphakemeyo, kodwa futhi ngokoqobo imitha ngeziphambeko kusukela isimo HLABA flat - okubizwa ngokuthi intaba microrelief. On ikhono kahle uhlukanise futhi kuncike ulwazi ngqo walokho ezintabeni.

Lapha kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi unyawo, izigodi, nemithambeka, moraines, sihamba, emikhulu, iphakama, izinguzunga zeqhwa, kanye nabanye abaningi, njengoba emhlabeni kukhona ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ezintabeni eligoqiwe.

Ukwahlukanisa ukuphakama ezintabeni

Ukuphakama kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi silula - wonke amaqembu amathathu:

• izintaba okuphansi nge ekuphakameni ezingadluli ikhilomitha. Ngokuvamile lezi izintaba ubudala, libhujiswa isikhathi, noma ezisencane kakhulu, kancane kancane ezikhulayo. Baye imikiswe iphakama, nemithambeka mnene, lapho izihlahla zikhule. Lezi ezintabeni wonke amazwekazi.
• Midlands ukuphakama kusuka eziyinkulungwane izinkulungwane ezintathu amamitha. Nansi enye, ushintsho maqondana nokuphila, kuye ngokuthi ukuphakama - okuthiwa eziphakeme zone. Lezi izintaba - eSiberia futhi eliseMpumalanga Ekude, e-Apennine, eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, eScandinavia, le Appalachian Izintaba, kanye nabanye abaningi.
• Highlands - amamitha angaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ihlala ezintabeni abasha, wadalula weathering, imithelela kushintsha izinga lokushisa kanye ice ukukhula. izici Isici: emikhombeni - izigodi wokuxovela emise, Carling - iphakama abukhali, cirques glacial - efana ezitsheni ushona emithambekeni. esishintshashintshayo Lapha engamamitha ephawulwe - ihlathi esinqeni, ice ezingwadule eduze phezulu. Igama elithi kufinyeta kulezi zici, - "i-Alpine landscape". Alps - Usemncane kakhulu Ukhahlamba, kanye zaseHimalaya, le Karakoram, Andes, eziNtabeni ZaseRocky nezinye eligoqiwe.

Ukwahlukanisa ngokwendawo esishisayo

I ezindawo indawo wokukhululeka wabelane ku ukhuphuka amagquma, entabeni amaqembu entabeni uhlelo, izintaba zokhahlamba futhi entabeni olulodwa. Of izinhlangano ngobukhulu - esishintshashintshayo sezintaba: Alpine-zaseHimalaya - yonkana, i-Eurasia, Andes Cordillera, - kuzo zombili aseMelika.

Kancane kancane - ezweni sezintaba simunye ngabaningi izintaba. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uhlelo entabeni siqukethe iqembu izintaba lamagquma yobudala efanayo, izintaba ngokuvamile it is eligoqiwe. Izibonelo: Appalachian Izintaba, Sangre de Cristo.

Izintaba Iqembu lihlukile ububanzi okungahambisani lilinganise phezulu kwabo isikhathi eside, strip emincane. izintaba Sihlala sodwa efanayo avame ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo. Ngokusho uhlobo ihlukaniswe ibe iphakama spiked, ithafa-like, Dome emise, kanye nabanye. Seamounts iziqhingi yabo iphakama fomu.

izintaba Ezemfundo

Orogeny - a eziyinkimbinkimbi izinqubo, lapho amadwala kugaywa ku emphethweni. Kuyini ezintabeni eligoqiwe, aziwa ososayensi kakhulu, futhi lokho bafika kanjani - ezibhekwa kuphela umbono.

• hypothesis Okokuqala - imisele wasolwandle. Ibalazwe ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi zonke uhlelo entabeni esisogwini emaphethelweni amazwekazi. Ngakho rock phansi ukuxegiselwa yezwekazi ocean amatshe. Movement ngaphakathi Umhlaba sengathi ecindezela nezwekazi aphume izibilini zalo, futhi izintaba eligoqiwe - ikhishwe ngaphezulu phansi izwe. Lo mbono has nabaphikisi abaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezintabeni eligoqiwe - kungcono zaseHimalaya, ngokusobala okuyinto hhayi phansi, ngoba ezwekazini. Futhi lo mbono ngeke ukuchaza ukuba khona izimbotshana - emikhombeni geosynclinal.
• Hypothesis Leopold Kober, isakhiwo Geological ka Alps lwakubo. Lezi ezintabeni abasha angakafakwa ngaphansi izinqubo elimazayo. Kwatholakala ukuthi ufaka ezinkulu zomhlaba athuthukile kwezakhi enkulu amatshe sedimentary. Alps elicwengwé ivelaphi, kodwa indlela akuyona efana ukubukeka ezinye izintaba, ukusebenzisa lo mbono ingasakwazi ndawo.
• Drift emazweni - umbono ethandwa kakhulu, futhi, liye wagxeka njengoba ukuchaza yonke inqubo orogeny.
• ukugeleza Subcortical ngaphakathi Umhlaba kubangele ukusonteka surface kanye akha entabeni. Nokho, lo mbono engakaze kungase kutholakale. Ngokuphambene, isintu ayikaziwa, ngisho nemingcele ezifana izinga lokushisa zangaphakathi umhlaba, futhi ngaphezulu - viscosity, fluidity ne crystal isakhiwo ezijulile idwala amandla compressive nokunye.
• Umbono ka kokucindezelwa Zomhlaba - ne izinzuzo zalo siqu kanye nobubi obuthile. Asazi iplanethi aqoqana ukushisa noma yikho uma elahlekile - lo mbono okuhambisana uma ezitolo - akukho.

Yiziphi ezintabeni

Emikhombeni we uqweqwe zanqwabelana zonke izinhlobo amatshe sedimentary, okuyinto ke ngayinyomfoza ngayiphosa nokusebenzisa mlilo kwakhiwa ezintabeni eligoqiwe. Izibonelo: Appalachian Izintaba ogwini olusempumalanga ye eNyakatho Melika, i-Zagros Izintaba eTurkey.

Block zezintaba zavela ngenxa ukuphakamisa zomhlaba we amaphutha ungqimba lomhlaba. Ezinjalo njengoba California - Sierra Levada. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kakade kwakhiwa ngokuzumayo eligoqiwe uqale avuke eduze iphutha. kwakhiwa Ngakho nesibaya-block ezintabeni. I ejwayelekile kakhulu - Appalachian Mountains.

Labo izintaba ukuthi kwamiswa njengoba kwezakhi eligoqiwe yamadwala, kodwa waphula amaphutha abasebasha ku amabhlogo futhi kuze kube eziphakeme ezahlukene, futhi, phinda-block. Tien Shani, isibonelo, kanye Altayskie.

entabeni Arched - ke arched zomhlaba ukuphakamisa plus ukuguguleka izinqubo endaweni encane. Lawa ezintabeni Lake District eNgilandi, kanye Black Hills, elise South Dakota.

lava Volcanic kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya. Zabo ziyisiliva izinhlobo ezimbili: izintaba-mlilo (Fujiyama, nokunye okunjalo) kanti mlilo isihlangu (ngaphansi okusezingeni eliphezulu hhayi ngakho ziyalingana).

entabeni sezulu

Isimo sezulu entabeni ngokuyisisekelo lehluke njani kuletinye izindawo sezulu. Ngakho, amazinga okushisa uphonsa ngesibalo esingaphezu kwengxenye ngezinga ngoba zonke amamitha angamakhulu ukuphakama. Umoya, futhi, ngokuvamile kubanda kakhulu, esizwa esinamafu. iziphepho njalo.

Nge iqoqo kokuwa kanye barometric ingcindezi lehliselwa. Everest, isibonelo, 250 mm HG. Amanzi amathumba at degrees ayisishiyagalombili nesithupha.

I ephakeme, ngaphansi ikhava izimila ukuqedela akhe ngabikho e izinguzunga zeqhwa neqhwa ofeleba cishe ngokuphelele ukuphila engekho.

esishintshashintshayo komugqa

Ngenxa ukuhlaziywa iphutha-zomhlaba kwakunokwenzeka ukuba enze isinqumo ukuthi eligoqiwe zintaba, ngokukhamuluka umphumela ube ukuthi kwamiswa nokuthi kuncike we amaphutha kwamaplanethi ukujula. Zonke - zasendulo nezanamuhla - izindawo ezisezintabeni afakiwe zokuzamazama ethile eqondile okuyinto akhiwa kuphela ngezindlela ezimbili - enyakatho-entshonalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga, ngokuphinda isiqondiso amaphutha ezijulile.

Lezi amabhande amapulatifomu insephe. Kukhona ubuhlobo: eshintsha isikhundla futhi ukuma yesikhulumi ushintsho nomumo zangaphandle, futhi orientation emkhathini nesibaya amabhande. Lapho ukwakha uzimise- ashisayo zonke ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba iphutha (amabhlogo) base crystalline. ukunyakaza Kuqondile amabhlogo isisekelo akha entabeni eligoqiwe.

Izibonelo Carpathians noma Verkhoyanskaya-Chukotskaya izindawo ukubonisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ukunyakaza zomhlaba phakathi kumiswa entabeni emphethweni. Isici esifanayo iphutha kanye Zagros Mountains.

sici geological

Ezintabeni, nhlobonhlobo konke - kusuka izakhiwo isakhiwo. Rocks, isibonelo, ushintsho olufanayo e ezintabeni zaseRocky ubude babo. Esikhathini enyakatho ingxenye - schists Paleozoic futhi limestones, njll - eduze Colorado - granites, amatshe igneous nge inhlabathi Mesozoic. Okwengeziwe ngenzansi - in the ephakathi okuyingxenye - amatshe mlilo, okuyizinto on izingxenye enyakatho abekho. Iphethini efanayo lizovela uma sicabanga isakhiwo Geological kwabaningi ezinye izintaba.

Bathi izintaba ezimbili ezifanayo kungenzeki, kodwa massifs mlilo, isibonelo, ngokuvamile kufanele uchungechunge izimpawu ezifanayo. Ukuthi lolusuku ukuma Isigaxa ka mlilo Japanese futhi Philippine, isibonelo. Kodwa manje siqala analysis eningiliziwe Geological, sibona ukuthi leli zwi kulungile. Abaningi-mlilo Japan yakhiwa andesite (magma), amadwala Philippine - basalt, a okuningi ezinzima ngenxa okuqukethwe high yensimbi. A Cascade Ezintabeni Oregon ukuhlanganisa izintaba-mlilo rhyolite (Silica).

kumiswa isikhathi sentaba eligoqiwe

Izintaba imfundo kulo lonke loluhlelo kwenzeka sibonga geosynclines ukuthuthukiswa ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene Geological, ngisho ngenkathi alo phambi eCambria. Kodwa ezintabeni yesimanje usemncane kuphela (uma kuqhathaniswa ukukhuluma, vele) - ukuphakamisa Cenozoic. izintaba Okudala kudala futhi ziye angabekwa ngaphinda ukuqhela entsha zomhlaba ngesimo amabhlogo namakhodi.

Arched-block izintaba - ngokuvamile kwenziwa kabusha. Ziyakwazi ejwayelekile njengesinkwa intokazi, eligoqiwe. Namuhla impumuzo Zomhlaba - neotectonics. Ungakwazi ukufunda ukusonga, kwamiswa izakhiwo zomhlaba, uma sicabangela umehluko yobudala ezintabeni, hhayi adalwe ngempumuzo ke. Uma Cenozoic - kamuva nje, kunzima ukucabanga ngobudala zokwakheka bokuqala entabeni.

Kuphela angakhula ezintabeni wentaba-mlilo phezulu phambi kwamehlo enu ngqo - konke ngesikhathi kuqhuma le ntaba. Izintaba-mlilo ziqhume ngokuvamile zenzeka endaweni efanayo, ngakho ucezu lava ngamunye kuyawakha entabeni. Ngo maphakathi intabamlilo zwekazi - a rarity. Avame yakha isiqhingi kwamanzi lonke, ngokuvamile azakhele arc amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziningana eside.

Njengoba izintaba die

Izintaba obengama phakade. Kodwa bayabulawa, siqala kancane, uma iqhathaniswa nokuphila komuntu. Kuyinto, okokuqala kunakho konke, abandayo, idwala eqhekeza ku izingcezu ezincane. kwakhiwa Ngakho doti, okuyinto ke iqhwa noma ice acekela phansi, ukwakha yokhalo moraine. Kuyinto amanzi - imvula, iqhwa, isichotho - ukulwa indlela yabo ngisho nge odongeni nolungenakunyakaziswa ezinjalo. Amanzi iqoqa emfuleni, okuyinto batihlele abacaphuni phakathi entabeni lamagquma esigodini. Umlando yokuchitheka ezintabeni obungantengantengi Yiqiniso, lide, kodwa ayinakugwenywa. Kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa! iqhubezela Lonke, ngezinye izikhathi, ancamuka yibo.

ukuguguleka okunjalo kancane kancane ukunciphisa ezintabeni, futhi zizenza ethafeni: endaweni ethile oluhlaza, ngemifula ezijulile, endaweni ethile ukuze kungadluli, isihlabathi otshlifovyvaya zonke amagquma asele. A ebusweni Umhlaba ubizwa ngokuthi "peneplain" - cishe plain. Kumelwe uthi, kulesi sigaba kwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Intaba kabusha! I uqweqwe iqala ukuba kuphindwe kuthuthwe, isimo sezwe liphume, ukuqala kwesigaba esisha yentuthuko impumuzo.