Ukuthela nomthamo isikulufa yinqwaba: ukubala nokuzimisela

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amandla esithwele ka isikulufa yinqwaba - kuba inkomba ebaluleke ngalo ungakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi izinga umthwalo zingamelana isisekelo. Lokhu ucabangela umthelela ongemuhle inhlabathi emlenzeni ngalinye ngokuhlukile. Isikulufa ipayipi lahlukaniswa izinhlobo:

1. Ulenga - nokwesekwa esemgwaqweni ngezansi aphansi isikulufa izindandatho. izisekelo okunjalo asetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu emhlabathini esithambile. Lezi zakhiwo kufanele ikhono lokubekezelela imithwalo okusezingeni eliphezulu esebenzisa amandla ukuhilizisana. Kungenzeka phakathi amapayipi isikulufa nenhlabathi. Uma endaweni izingqimba aminyene inhlabathi, okusho akukho ukufakwa xaxa isekela.
2. Izikhombo uhlobo - isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezinga esiqinile ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu. Badlala indima umlamuleli ukuze uthumele umthwalo kusukela endlini emhlabathini.

Ngaphambi ofeza ukufakwa isisekelo enjalo, kufanele uthole ukuthi yini amandla Ukuthela isikulufa yinqwaba adingekayo ukwakhiwa.

Ezicashile ukufakwa

Ezimweni eziningi, nithela umthamo yinqwaba isikulufa ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ekutheni usayizi ububanzi we support. Ukukhweza base isikulufa engenziwa usebenzisa izindlela ezimbili:

• mqulu;
• usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.

Inkampani yenethiwekhi ithuba akuxhomekile uhlobo ukufakwa. Bobabili izilungiselelo izindlela zenziwa isimiso a Helical isikulufa-emhlabathini ipayipi isakhiwo. Lesi senzo kalula kwenziwa ngenxa izindwani zazo wahlela on the underside ukusekelwa. Ukuze sibe sibi umthamo ukuzala, kwezinye izimo, ukufakwa isikulufa yinqwaba wenziwa ngendlela ehlukile:

• Ukufakwa isikulufa ukwesekwa enhlabathini, okuyinto has a isakhiwo esiqinile, kanye emhlabathini eqandisiwe. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi bayamba izimbobo ezincane. Lesi senzo ngeke ukuhlinzeka indawo yokusebenzela ephephile screwing nesikulufu ku ukusekelwa phansi.
• Uma esakhiweni ubuswa amanzi ugcwalise phansi ebusweni isikulufa yinqwaba ngempela okunye ziphathwe umenzeli anti-ukugqwala. I metal ipayipi umzimba kumele ligcwaliswe nge ukungaguquguquki ukhonkolo. Ngenxa yalokho, it kwandisa amandla impahla isisekelo, futhi wandise ukusetshenziswa kwalo.

Uma ezengeziwe amandla isithuthukisi, yinqwaba kokuba nobude obungamamitha angaphezu 2 amamitha, kufanele kugxilise. Ngenxa lokhu kwandisa umthwalo esindayo nomthamo isikulufa yinqwaba emhlabeni azungezwe.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi wenze izibalo efanele umthamo Ukuthela ezisekelweni kungaba uma kwenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukufakwa ngendlela efanele. Uma ngisho imithetho kancane eshaywe, ngamandla wonke isakhiwo kakhulu ziyancipha. Ngakho-ke, inqubo obandayo kungcono ukushaja onguchwepheshe onolwazi olunzulu kulezi zinhlobo izisekelo.

Ukusebenzisa isikulufa yinqwaba kokuba ububanzi 133 mm

Ngesikhathi amadivaysi isakhiwo esindayo phezu kwesisekelo isikulufa ngokuvamile kuphakama umbuzo: ufake ini yinqwaba ububanzi ikak kufanele kube ngaphezulu? Ukuze ezakhiwe omkhulu okungcono kakhulu esinakho iwukusebenzisa izakhi ngenhloso ububanzi emikhulu. Umthamo eziveza inqwaba 133 mm isikulufa ububanzi 350 mm ikhaba ukumelana umthwalo isisindo amathani 4. Ngosizo lwabo, ungafaka izakhiwo anoma yiluphi uhlobo - evela endlini yokuhlala kuya ishede.

ukwesekwa Intulo ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa ezihlukahlukene marinas futhi zinsika. For Amadivayisi zabo zisetshenziswa ngenhloso ububanzi inqwaba tube 133 amamilimitha angu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, banayo double ukugqwala zokuzivikela enamathela zokwakheka. Ngenxa kulezi zici isisekelo fixedly ibekwe iziteshi phansi engazinzile. Ukuze sithole amandla Ukuthela isisekelo, kubalulekile ukuba azale ande ukubaluleka kwendawo futhi ukubaluleka ukumelana inhlabathi.

Isibonelo sokunquma inani yinqwaba kuze kube sesisekelweni

Ayikho i-akhawunti esithathwayo isakhiwo sesibili esisekelweni 6 6 metres uphinde uthele kancane esetshenziswa ugodo impahla. Esakhiweni ingumhlabathi ngesimo nobumba. Inani isisindo isakhiwo nazo zonke ezicashile amathani 59. Along azungezwe isakhiwo 24 metres, ngodonga yangaphakathi azikho. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba ukucacisa ethebuleni amandla enhlabathini. Esimweni sethu, labo lesi silinganiso ilingana 6 kg isentimitha sikwele. Factor ukumelana imithwalo 1.75 (kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka inqolobane uma isidingo). Thina ukubala endaweni ingqikithi ematheni. ifomula:

S = (TD) x (PD) 4 = 3,14 x 352 4 = 961.6 ngamasentimitha. Le ncazelo of ububanzi izindwani.

Ifomula ukubala izici yenethiwekhi non esilungiselelwe:

F = S x Ro = 961,6 x 6 = 5770 kg.

Ukubala isisindo ovumelekile inqwaba ngayinye:

N = F: YK = 5770: 3279 = 1.75, isb cishe (kulinganiselwa) 3 ton 300kg.

Ukunqunywa eziveza izici

Uma zisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwalesi yinqwaba isisekelo isikulufa, ukubala besikhundla eziveza uyisidingo. Kuleli kuncike ezicini eziningana, kuhlanganise nokuphila, sonke isakhiwo. Ukuze sifeze umsebenzi design, kufanele wazi ukubaluleka ukumelana zenhlabathi, kanye ukudla endaweni, esemgwaqweni enisemikhawulweni ukusekelwa Helical. Kodwa lezi zimiso azanele, kumelwe futhi abale isibalo izingongolo ukufakwa ngaphansi esakhiweni.

Ukuze uthole ukubala truer kufanele ihlukaniswe asekelayo isici ukuze Inkomba nokwethenjelwa. Zonke izibalo kanye nokuvivinywa amandla ukufuna ukwamukelwa izingane abafunda imibhalo design. Ngokuhambisana ukulungiswa uhlelo isakhiwo, inani elinqunyiwe we yinqwaba ahlelwe ngokulinganayo emhlabeni azungezwe kwesisekelo.

Ukubalwa base isikulufa

Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi yena, kufanele bavezwe ngesikhathi yokukhokha - lena ezivamile umthwalo ezingeni zonke ukwesekwa. Inani efanele ibanga elibahlukanisile kunqunywa ububanzi we tube ukwesekwa isisindo isakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, nithela umthamo yinqwaba isikulufa 108 mm ukumelana isisindo amathani 3. ngasesinqeni se umthwalo kuhlanganisa isisindo isakhiwo, kanye nethonya umoya neqhwa ekuqongeleleni.

Lezi zinto ezilandelayo kuthinte isisindo isiyonke isakhiwo:

• umthwalo emabhilidini;
• isisindo sithela nezincane izindonga;
• uhlelo ukufulela;
• izinto zasekhaya (ifenisha, izinto zikagesi).

Umthwalo phezu kophahla, izindonga, futhi Uphahla lwangaphakathi ngempela izobalwa ngokwehlukile. Ngenxa yale njongo, itafula lapho nohlobo impahla ngayinye, isisindo.

Field ukusetshenziswa inqwaba nge ububanzi 89 mm

Endaweni lapho ubukhulu isilinganiso yinqwaba elisekele kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe, - ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezincane. Lokhu ichaza umthwalo eziveza nomthamo yinqwaba isikulufa ububanzi 89 mm esimweni ngasinye. Isisindo, okungase sezithunyelwa inqwaba ngayinye kuyinto amathani 2, engasekho. Zingasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni izinto ezifana:

• naphakathi izindawo (sauna, cottage, igalaji, agcine);
• usekelo arbours elisekela zokugcina bytovok;
• metal amasango ezicijile;
• wharves futhi zinsika;
• isekela ukukhangisa amabhanela.

Uma kukhethwa ewela inqwaba nge ububanzi, kubalulekile ukugxila ezicini ezithile ezifana ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusungulwa kwenhlabathi. umklamo onokwethenjelwa futhi ukuphila inkonzo yayo kuzoncika ke.

ukwesekwa Intulo ngenhloso ububanzi ezincane

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhetha inqwaba, kubalulekile ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa lokho esiphezulu umthwalo ke kumelwe athwale. Ngokwesibonelo, nithela umthamo yinqwaba isikulufa 57 mm ububanzi kwamukelekile umthwalo ukuguquguquka kwenye ukwesekwa 300 1000 kg. Ngenxa ubuncane isisindo ukubaluleka izakhi ezifana nalezi kuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunaleyo ubukhulu yinqwaba enkulu. Futhi kunciphisa tindleko ukufakwa izisekelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ezincane ukwesekwa Helical kungenziwa screwed siqu, ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni ezibizayo.

Ukubeka isisekelo yenziwa ngosuku olulodwa nje, okuyinto iyehlisa isikhathi ukwakhiwa, sonke isakhiwo. Enye inzuzo obalulekile yinqwaba isikulufa yikhono ukukhweza yiluphi uhlobo inhlabathi.

Yinqwaba kokuba ububanzi 76 mm

Umthamo Ukuthela isikulufa mbundu 76 kwangu ububanzi ukumelana isisindo ithani elilodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ahlukahlukene ngesisindo, inqwaba ingasetshenziswa umsebenzi wokulungisa ukuqinisa ezengeziwe.

Ukufakwa yinqwaba nge ububanzi 76 mm kuyinto ngokulinganayo kungenzeka ukuba afeze siqu sakhe futhi usebenzisa umshini wokwakha. Izindleko ukwaziswa okunjalo kuyabiza ngaphezu izinto ububanzi ezincane, kodwa kukho isicelo okuningi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga impahla, kubalulekile ukucacisa izidingo ukuthi izokwethulwa kuya ezisekelweni ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa.

Ukunqunywa amathe isikulufa inqwaba

Ngesikhathi kokuqina yinqwaba isikulufa inhlabathi compaction kwenzeka. Ngemva kokufaka Lamanzi Wheel Amabombo amukela ngokugcwele wonke umthwalo ngakuyena. Ukuze ukwazi ukubona ubukhulu umthwalo ezingasetshenziswa ukumelana isisekelo, ehlanganisa isikulufa izisekelo, kudingeka ukubala usayizi wendawo kuphela. Khona-ke, usebenzisa S ifomula = πR² ukukhiqiza ukubala ephelele Inkomba edingekayo.