Umthambo womzimba unemikhumbi engu-3: kusho ukuthini? Zingaki izitsha okufanele zibe nomtholampilo?

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-fetus isondelene kakhulu nomama onemfundo ekhethekile - intambo yomlomo. Ngalo, uthola konke okudingekayo ekuphileni nasekuthuthukiseni - oksijini nezakhi.

Abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe ngesikhathi besifundo se-ultrasound bathola ukuthi intambo ye-umbilical inemikhumbi engu-3. Baqala ukukhathazeka futhi bazibuze: "Ingabe lokhu kuvamile?" Kulesi sihloko sizoyiphendula futhi sikutshele konke mayelana nentambo ye-umbilical, kuhlanganise ne-pathologies yayo. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzowusizo kuwe.

Iyini intambo yomlomo? Iyini isakhiwo sayo?

I-cord umbilical (okungenjalo - intambo ye-umbilical) iyisakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esixhuma ingane kanye nendawo yengane futhi ivumela ukwenza ukujikeleza kwegazi lokutholwa kwe-fetoplacental. Ngaphandle lifana nethambo ephothiwe ngokomoya noma intambo futhi inombala obomvu obuhlaza. Ekupheleni kwe-trimester yesithathu, intambo ye-umbilical ifinyelela ku-50-60 cm ubude, futhi ububanzi bayo buyi-1-2 cm. Nakuba kungase kube nokuphambuka okuphawulekayo kusuka kwamanani aphansi kunoma iyiphi indlela. Yilokho intambo yomzimba ibonakala. Isithombe sikhombisa.

Omunye umkhawulo wezintambo zomzimba unamathele ku-placenta, kanti okwesibini kuya kwengane esifundeni se-ring embilical. Endaweni yezingane, angakwazi ukujoyina ezindaweni ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi nendawo, kusukela ohlangothini noma kusukela ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile intambo yomzimba ingakwazi ukunamathisela emagqumeni, endaweni ethile ukusuka emaphethelweni e-placenta. Kulokhu, izitsha zalo zifika endaweni yengane, zidlula phakathi kwamagobolondo. Kuyo yonke indawo, intambo ye-umbilical iguqa, i-depressions nama-bulges avela ngenxa yezici zesakhiwo. Ngokujwayelekile, intambo yomzimba inemikhumbi engu-3, okuyizinto ezimbili eziyi-arterium arteries, kanti enye ingumvuthwandaba omncane onamabhande omzimba anesibhakabhaka esikhulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izintambo zomzimba. Izindebe kanye nezitsha zezintambo zomzimba zizungezwe izicubu ezikhethekile ezifana ne-jelly-like ebizwa nge-varton jelly. Yenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela, ukuvimbela ukucindezela kwemithi. I-cord umbilical ihlanganiswa ngaphandle nge-amnion, engafinyeleli ku-0.5-1 cm kuya inkaba, iguqulwa ibe isikhumba somntwana.

Imishanguzo kanye nemithanjeni yentambo ye-umbilical. Iyini imisebenzi yabo?

Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi intambo yomzimba ngokuvamile inemikhumbi engu-3. Imisipha emibili yomzimba ivela emithanjeni yangaphakathi yama-aliac. Bathuthela igazi lomntwana nge-carbon dioxide kanye nemikhiqizo ye-metabolic endaweni yengane. E-placenta, igcwele umoya we-oksijini kanye nezakhi ezidingekayo ezinganeni. Futhi, igazi likhishwa ku-carbon dioxide kanye nemikhiqizo yokushintshanisa. Ngokuqhubekayo emgodleni wesibindi, ubuyela emuva emntwaneni. Cishe u-80% wegazi lonke unikezwa egazini legazi ohlelweni lomntwana ngokusebenzisa i-arantzium duct edlula ngaphansi kwesibindi sesibindi futhi igeleza emgodini ophansi ongenalutho. Igazi elisele (cishe 20%) lithunyelwa emgodleni wegazi phakathi kwe-portal kanye nemithi ye-velilical, ngokusebenzisa i-anastomosis. Iphethe igazi elihlinzeka ngesibindi somntwana.

I-strings of the newborn. Kwenzekani kuye ngemuva kokuzalwa komntwana?

Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwentambo, umntwana osanda kuzalwa uyabanjwe nge-clamp, bese ehamba. Kule nsikeni yomsele, eseduze nesifunda somntwana wengane, isibindi esinegqinsi noma sensimbi kufakwa kwi-cornea. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-brace isusiwe, kanti insalela yomthamo we-umbilical isuswe ngokusika, ibuyele 2-3 cm ukusuka egumbini lokugqoka. Eduze kwindandatho ye-umbilical imise indwangu ye-gauze. Esikhathini sesithathu sesiteleka, lo wesifazane ubeletha insalela yomthamo we-umbilical, kanye ne-placenta kanye nezinambuzane ze-fetus. Ngemuva kokuvela kwengane, i-musculature ye-arteries iyancipha, izitsha zingenalutho futhi zivale, futhi ukujikeleza kwegazi kuzo kuzoyeka. Le ndlela yemvelo ehlakaniphile ivimbela ukulahleka kwegazi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, uma kwenzeka ukuthi intambo yakhe ingasetshenziswanga. Ngokulandelayo, izitsha ziyeke.

Izindlela zokuhlolisisa intambo yomzimba

Ngokuvamile, isimo se-umbilical cord kanye nokukhubazeka kwayo okumele sikubone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunzima kakhulu. Njengomthetho, kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound, okuvumela ukudalula intambo yesigxobo sezinyosi entanyeni, izingalo kanye nesiqu se-fetus, kanye nesethulo sayo. Ngosizo lwe-phonocardiography kanye ne-auscultation, hhayi kuphela ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, kodwa futhi umsindo we-umbilical cord, ovela ngokuphathelene nokugxila kwe-trunk noma intanyane yengane, ingatholakala. Kanti futhi odokotela bangasebenzisa indlela yokubala imbala, lapho yonke imithwalo yemilenze, imithanjeni kanye ne-dopplerometry ibonakala ngokucacile, ivumela umuntu ukuba ahlole, kuhlanganise nokugeleza kwegazi kwe-uteroplacental. Uma uhlolwa nge- vaginal, i- prolapse ye-umbilical cord loops itholakala. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, i-placenta ne-umbilical cord ihlolwe futhi uma kunesidingo, le ncwadi ithunyelwa ukuhlolwa kwayo.

I-pathology ye-cord umbilical. Ukumangalela

Ngokuvame ukwenziwa komtholampilo, kunezifo ezinjengezintambo ezizungezile entanyeni, emzimbeni nasemilenzeni ye-fetus nokunciphisa okuphawulekayo kwentambo yomlomo. I-shortly short (engaphansi kuka-40 cm) intambo ye-umbilical ayivumeli ingane ukuba ihambe ngokujwayelekile, eholela esimweni sayo esingalungile esibelethweni. Phakathi nenkathi yokubeletha, i-overextended, okubangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi emithonjeni ye-umbilical. Ivimbela ukunyakaza kwe-fetal ngokusebenzisa umsele wokuzalwa, ongabangela hypoxia yayo. Ngesinye isikhathi kukhona ukuphuka komthambo omfushane noma izitsha zayo, ezingabangela ukufa komntwana. Ukuzivocavoca kungenzeka nanoma yikuphi ubude bomthambo womzimba. Kungaba okuhlukile - okukodwa noma okuningi, okuqinile noma okungenjalo, okuhlukile noma okuhlangene. Ukubopha okunamandla okukhulu kwentamo noma isiqu somntwana kuphazamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, kuholela ekuswelekeni kwe-oksijeni futhi kusongela ukuthungatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwendawo yengane. Kulesi simo, umama unikezwa indlela yokulethwa yisigaba se-cearean.

Ama-anomali wezintambo ze-umbilical

Siyazi ukuthi intambo inezintambo ezintathu ze-umbilical. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezinkinga ze-veins nemithambo ye-anomalies. U-5% wokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe kanye no-1% we-singleton ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusungulwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi yomzimba, enezitha ezimbili zegazi kuphela (isitha esisodwa kanye nesisodwa esisodwa) esikhundleni sezintathu. Isizathu salokhu okungavamile kwesakhiwo senkambo yomzimba asikakabonakali. Ukungabi khona kwe-artery eyodwa yomzimba kubangela ukujikeleza kwegazi lokutholwa kwe-fetoplacental. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene kokubeletha, kufaka phakathi ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukuphazanyiswa kwesistimu ye-genitourinary kanye nesistimu enkulu yomsana wengane. Ngokuvamile kakhulu kwenzeka i-aplasia, okungukuthi, ukungabikho okuphelele kwetambo lomlomo. Kulesi simo, ingane ixhunywe ngokuqondile kwi-placenta futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuphazamiseke kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi ekusebenzeni komtholampilo, kunezinye izifo, okubandakanya izimbangela ze-vebilical vein, i-umbilical cord u-embryonic hernia, yeqiniso, ama-nodes amanga, ama-cysts, njll.

Esikhundleni sokuphetha

Ngakho-ke, sihlolisise ukuthi yiziphi izitsha okumele zithinte umcibisholo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, safunda ukuthi isimo sakhe sihlolisiswa kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokubeletha nokuthi ukuvezwa kwesakhiwo sakhe kubonakala kanjani. Sithemba, manje uyazi ukuthi intambo yomzimba ngokuvamile inemikhumbi engu-3 - imishanguzo emibili kanye nomvuthwandaba owodwa. Benza umsebenzi obalulekile wokuthutha igazi emntwaneni futhi kusukela kuwo kuya e-placenta.