Iqembu eliphikisayo. Amaqembu ezombusazwe yeRussia. Uhulumeni nokuphikiswa

Ukuqala ingxoxo mayelana kuhulumeni kanye nokuphikiswa, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngikhumbula amazwi UMikhail Bulgakov: "Womke amandla udlame olubhekiswe kubantu, futhi sizofika isikhathi lapho kungekho amandla noma zikaKhesari, noma yimaphi amandla. Indoda ingena umbuso iqiniso nobulungisa, lapho ngeke sibe khona isidingo noma yimaphi amandla ... "(" Umninimuzi UMargarita ").

Amandla kanye zako

Kungenzeka yini ukuba khona State ngaphandle amandla? Asinakukwenza lokho. Emphakathini wesintu, amandla sisiba phezu ezingeni esesimweni sokungaphili ngokuphelele. Abanye basuke bezimisele ukulawula zibuswe, kuyilapho abanye ungacabanga khona kwabo ngaphandle kokuqondisa kwaphezulu. Freud ephatha umthombo oyinhloko wamandla njengoba isifiso ukuqaphela libido zabo, futhi ngokuvumelana theory Adler sika, babelokhu benesifiso sokuba namandla Kayisilutho ngaphandle inkokhelo yayo bebancane eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ayini amandla? Lo mqondo kuchazwe nekhono lokusebenzisa ngobuhlakani (control), ngoba siqaphela ukuthi ukhathalela izithakazelo zazo siqu noma umphakathi. Zingalawulwa ezingeni oyedwa, futhi ezingeni wombuso noma emhlabeni jikelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izifiso alawulwa. Amandla - iyithuluzi lapho umuntu noma iqembu labantu bahlanganiswe ucishe izithakazelo eyodwa efanayo nokubhekelela inhlala kahle imigomo efanayo (amaqembu ezombusazwe kanye nokunyakaza) singagxila emhlabeni ngokwawo amandla nezinto zethu, okuyoba neqhaza ekufezeni umgomo, ukucindezela abanye abantu ngisho nalapho bebhekene uma ngakho ufisa, ukuze zilawule izimo zabo futhi ulawule izinqubo kanye nesimo ukusatshalaliswa impahla ebaluleke kakhulu futhi lomisile khona, zemvelo kanye namagugu omphakathi. amandla Political kuhilela ekufezeni ukuze kuzuze umphakathi kubantu amandla ukulalela. Kujwayele has isikhungo esisodwa izinqumo, ongasebenza ngayo ezindaweni eziningi ezihlukahlukene futhi basebenzisa zonke izinhlobo izilawuli. amandla Political has a ecacile isakhiwo phezulu.

Izindlela ekunqandeni umphakathi kanye neziphathimandla

It is hhayi njalo abantu beza kujabule indlela yokulawula. Ngiphakathi sezombangazwe isinqumo, nokho elinamandla angase, awukwazi qiniseka yekusasa layo zezombusazwe. intukuthelo Yabantu - amandla esabekayo, ngoba abantu ngentukuthelo iphenduka ibe isixuku, futhi isixuku ayikwazi ukulawulwa. Kodwa ukuze senze abantu waqala ukusebenza, kudingeka umuntu owayengeke ungesabi ukukhuluma ngokumelana uhulumeni. Njengomthetho, kuba abashisekeli yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, Yena owawumisa bakholwa ukuthi akanacala. Njengoba sekunama-"ubuntu" abashisekeli enjalo saphela ashise esigxotsheni futhi bayibethele. Babevunyelwe ujoyine eqenjini ukuthi wathola igama "kwabaphikisi bezombangazwe". Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze babe ezinye usesimweni ukulawula kubo. Ukuze winner nguye owazi isitha ebusweni. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi eliphikisayo Union lalingekho ngokoqobo njengoJesu yimaphi amandla ebonakalayo ngokomthetho. Kwaba iyunithi kuhulumeni nangaphandle apharathasi isimo, okuyinto singekho kwanhlobo isisindo zezombusazwe. Ngo yesimanje Russian isimiso sezombangazwe ivumela ukwakheka amanye amaqembu aphikisayo ngomqondo lapho ekuqaleni kuchazwe welithi "iqembu eliphikisayo". Okungukuthi, isakhiwo waqala ukuvela, nge iphakethe kwemibhalo ezibekwe ngumthetho, okuhloswe ngaso ukugcinwa izithakazelo bayizakhamuzi ungavumelani emgqeni elibusayo. Umsebenzi eliphikisayo ukukhuthaza umphakathi emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo ukuziphatha okufinyelela. Waba yini umphumela walesi msebenzi noma ukuketula uhulumeni wamanje, ukushintsha okuphawulekayo endleleni ukwazi komphakathi.

Uhulumeni nokuphikiswa

indima ukuphikiswa emphilweni Russia zanamuhla ngempela edidayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona amabutho zezombusazwe ukuthi abe iphesenti eliphezulu ukusekelwa labavoti, ogama izinhlelo ezihluke kakhulu kulezo zinhlelo hhayi kuphela iqembu elibusayo kodwa amanye zokwakheka zezombusazwe ukuthi bazibiza ukuphikiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungakhathaliseki iqembu eliphikisayo ayikwazi ohlonishwa kanjalo, kuba kuqhathaniswa elibusayo zezombusazwe. Lapho umgwaqo amabutho zezombusazwe eRussia namuhla imi kanje: iqembu elibusayo ephalamende wayemelele "United Russia", futhi nendima eyadlalwa ukuphikiswa Communist Party ne-Liberal Democratic Party. Lezi zinkampani ababili bakwazi ukuthola ezingaphezu kuka-7% wamavoti zinyanga Duma ukhetho. Lokhu okuthiwa ukuphikiswa letindzala. Kukhona futhi okungezona letindzala ukuphikiswa. Kuyinto amaqembu ezombusazwe eRussia, akusho unqobe u-7% isithiyo, kodwa wavuma ukusebenza iphalamende. Nokho, noma yimuphi isisindo abanayo. Zonke ezinye ukunyakaza ezwakalisa baqinisile zezombusazwe umbono, ezibhekwa eziseceleni nemibhalo bahlolwe Izikhungo Ukubhaliswa nalawa ezazingekho ukufakazela ikhono lazo ukwenza batch imisebenzi.

Umlando omncane

Aphikisayo eRussia Selokhu kwathi nhlo ukhona. Iningi ngokucace ukuphikiswa Russian okwaqala ukuzibonakalisa e ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho amaBolshevik athatha izintambo. Nakuba igama elithi "ukuphikiswa" isiphenduke into efana isitembu, iqembu kwakheka kulesi sikhathi esinzima, Uzame ukuxoxisana nohulumeni omusha. Le mizamo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1929. Kodwa futhi, amandla kwangempela sokumelana amaBolshevik - "ukunyakaza White" - ngaleso sikhathi base bamukelwe kakade yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, ukuphikiswa uvunyelwe kuphela ngaphakathi kwale nhlangano kwamaBolshevik. On the kungenzeka abe khona eliphikisayo ngaphandle abantu party kuzinga ngisho nokuthi. Nge eza emandleni Stalin ephikisayo kwakunesijeziso sokufa, ngakho-ke, kakhulu welithi "iqembu eliphikisayo" uye abasekho. Kodwa-ke mbambambamba umphefumulo isiRashiya, ukuthi alamukeli iyiphi udlame olubhekiswe kubo. kukhona "ukuphikiswa zokuziphatha" Ngokungafani umbuso okunzima ukwesaba 30s sekwephuzile. Isengezo wathola e ukuvuselelwa ukholo komhlaba, kodwa ukholo azo zonke izinkolo ngokuphelele. Malenkov, encwadini ayibhalele Stalin waveza ukungabaza ayenakho ekunqotshweni Europe kungenzeka abantu abanjalo. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-Umfutho igagasi elisha ukwesaba ngo-1937, lapho yabhubhisa cishe zonke izicukuthwane langaphambili nezazi-Union. Kuphela ngo-1985 CPSU Jikelele uNobhala Gorbachev, mqondo yakhe mayelana yeningi we nomphakathi wamaSoviet empeleni uvumele maningi, kanjalo kubuyisele ukuphikiswa ekuphileni.

ilungiselelo

Nokukhishwa LamaKhomanisi njengoba iqembu elibusayo united umphakathi zezombangazwe ubhekene nesinqumo esinzima. Ngokwemvelo, kwakudingekile ukuba ukuthuthukisa okungenani ezinye uhlelo kuzokwenza uMbuso ukuba imithombo enjenge hhayi kuphela ukuze basinde, kodwa futhi ukuze uthole kabusha isikhundla salo okuholela enkundleni yomhlaba. Inqubo ukuqondanisa amabutho zezombusazwe kuthatha Adalberto isikhathi eside. Phakathi lasungulwa, amandla kanye nokuphikiswa eziye zabhekana izinguquko ezinkulu. Yeningi kanye liberalism somphakathi omusha setepolitiki kubaluleke. kwamiswa uhlelo party K 1993 ngonyaka, ehlanganisa amayunithi ezintathu: isikhungo kwesokunxele, isikhungo, futhi isikhungo kwesokudla. Waba umholi Bloc centrist ukuthi isekela likamongameli. Wawunamabhodi we DPR, Pres, "Apple" futhi "Ukukhethwa Russia". Le mpi, okuyinto ohanjelwa amaqembu isinqumo nokuphikiswa, eba ku isizinda amazinga omnotho ngesikhathi iqembu pro-uhulumeni ulahlekelwa isikhundla salo ngokukhuthaza amanye amaqembu aphikisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxabano inter-yobuhlanga e emingceleni umngcele ukuvumela kakhulu kwesokunxele bese kakhulu kwesokudla-wing amabutho ukwakha amandla lokhetho. Lesi simo, yebo, ubeka ukuthi amaqembu aphikisayo kusimo okuholela eRussia.

sivumelwano kwemibono

umholi ephuma eceleni "United Russia" ku Duma IV nomhlangano (2003). Ukubukeka endaweni yesehlakalo enjalo umdlali phambili eqinile kancane kancane kokushintsha. Amaqembu ezombusazwe kanye nabaholi zabo kancane kancane ikhishiwe ukusuka tebuholi. party Pro-uhulumeni kuvikela unaphakade isikhundla salo ehamba phambili, esekelwe emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo ye conservatism nesokudla ngokumelene ukunyakaza eziwukweqisa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala isigaba esisha yentuthuko umphakathi waseRussia. Injongo eyinhloko ukuze alondoloze isikhundla ubuholi beqembu iminyaka engu-15. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu Injongo iwukubonisa zimiswe ukwazi zomphakathi okuzokwenziwa osekelwa isikhundla esitebeleni kwezomnotho kanye umqondo eyodwa Omkhulu Russia. Kuyinto imizwa yokushisekela izwe kwasekuqaleni ukubheja we ubuholi beqembu. Omunye izigaba kumiswa lokushisekela ubuzwe kazwelonke kwaba ukusayinwa kwesivumelwano ku ukwamukelwa of izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuba zokucwaswa kwabokufika kanye nokubandlululana ngokobuhlanga. amaqembu ezombusazwe Russian ngemvume cishe ngazwi linye idokhumenti. Siyabonga ngabona ukugcwaliseka esicacile Uhlelo seqembu, ngcono inhlalakahle isizwe, iqembu "United Russia" iwine ukhetho odlule kuya lomthetho Assembly ukwesekwa okukhulu abavoti, lokhu kubuye ngenxa iningi iqembu elibusayo kuhulumeni wasekhaya kuwo wonke amazinga lesifunda. Ukuba khona nje ungamandla amakhulu ezombusazwe, kokuba ukusekelwa phakathi labantu isimo, ukuphikiswa esebeké Russia party usesimweni esinzima.

ukusakaza fresh

Inkinga eyinhloko ezibhekene cishe njalo iqembu eliphikisayo, kuyinto nokuncintisana. uhulumeni kanye nokushaya imithetho yokulawula indlela wakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi ukuphikiswa okunzima kuthinte kusebenta kwato. Thola ukwesekwa okuvela labantu abasebenzayo kunzima nakakhulu, ngoba ukuze isigaba sabasebenzi waqala bephikisana iqembu elibusayo, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela ukunganeliseki. Kodwa kuthiwani uma zonke wanelisekile, aneliseke umsebenzi, ukuchitha isikhathi sokungcebeleka ngesithakazelo? Kanjani ukuze uthole abantu ukukhononda? Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona. Okokuqala - impesheni. Lapha ungakwazi ukudlala ku ISIFISO esidlule Soviet. Kodwa inhlanhla futhi ezimbi - ezingeni kwezimpesheni ihlangabezana ngokugcwele izicelo izakhamuzi, abasinde 90s elambile futhi ungafuni ukushintsha bondlekile "manje" nezwe elingaziwa "kusasa". Eyesibili inketho - nezazi wendawo kanye oligarchs, kodwa isibalo sabo sincane kakhulu ukusekela esinamandla, futhi cishe ngeke ufuna ukuxabana umbuso kwamanje. It uhlala ngayo esizukulwaneni esisha. It is sibhekiswe kubantu abancane ze lanamuhla kuphikiswa. abantu abasebasha abasebenza ngemishini kulula. Basengozini ngaphezulu ezithile, yiba ukuhamba okuhle futhi zidinga cishe akukho izindleko impahla. Boyish, esivela cishe wonke amalungu ukunyakaza kwentsha, bale midlalo yokusingatha kwengqondo zokuhlola iba esinamandla ngempela. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungaba nomthelela kakhulu ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe of Russia, kodwa amandla angempela amaqembu emgwaqweni kuphikiswa ingasetshenziswa izinjongo zabo.

ngezinyawo mashi

Ukubonakaliswa ezinjena kuphoqa baba izenzakalo eziyihlazo ku Bolotnaya emgwaqweni. Into elibuhlungu liwukuthi amaqembu ezombusazwe Russia abazibheka ngulabaphambene neziphathimandla, waphinda kwamveza wako njengoba amaqembu ezombusazwe. Ukuze isixuku Bolotnaya Square, kushukunyiswa yini iziqubulo wokuthi ukuphikiswa phambili. Izingcingo ukwesula uhulumeni kanye nokhetho olusha ababhikishi waboleka ekhatsi Kiev "Maidan", futhi ngempela amaqhinga zazinzima efanayo, kodwa akunjalo. Iqiniso lokuthi kakhulu kungenzeka umbhikisho isibe isibonakaliso uhulumeni. Esignali ezikhulayo ukwazi kazwelonke, ukufunda ukucabanga futhi sifika eziphethweni ezithile. Against isizinda "umbala" Kungenzeka Swamp Maidan nokuvukela assorted ngabe sina kungalimaza hhayi kuphela umfanekiso zezombusazwe elibusayo, kodwa Putin mathupha. Ilondolozwe isimo ukuntuleka abaholi. Lomhlangano inombolo kahle esikhulu sabantu, ungivumele ukuxosha anqwabelene eminyakeni satiety amandla yaphela ngendlela nje phezu, okungukuthi lutho angaphezu kweshumi nambili ezimbalwa emacala ebugebengu umuzwa jikelele kwesasa ngu lokunqoba ukwesaba kwakhe iziphathimandla. Kungakhathaliseki nababengobhongoza balokho kuvukela wokuvukela ethandwa umholi weqiniso, lwabangela ukushintsha kukahulumeni kungaba yangempela. Kodwa njengoba besho, ukuba imemeze futhi kwesokunxele. zabaholi bamaqembu aphikisayo yanamuhla abakwazi ukushukumisa labavoti kunoma iyiphi izenzo sina, abanayo izimfanelo ubuholi ezasiza ugqozi isixuku.

ithuba elahlekile

Ezinganeni umhlangano netinchabhayi Swamp kanye Sakharov Avenue zilawule indlela lapho amaqembu ezombusazwe eliphikisayo kufanele siqhubekele phambili. Isinyathelo sokuqala empumelelweni Yiqiniso, ukudalwa ezinye endlunkulu ukuphikiswa, okuzobe ahlanganisa labo baholi abangase babe enkulu. Umsebenzi kumele kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa lemali imithombo. Uma inkulumo-ze ngokusebenzisa abezindaba sinesikhundla lolulingene, World Wide Web ngenkathi ukucwaninga akugcini. amathuba Omkhulu ukuthola Blogger. imisebenzi yabo kungenziwa iqondiswe kumiswa ukwazi komphakathi, iqoqo idatha lwezenhlalo, kodwa kancane uma okukhethwa kukho umcabango angenamkhawulo ... kukhona amathuba empumelelo, nalabo ukunyakaza ukuthi akazange nokuqalisa izifiso zabo zezombusazwe ngesikhathi ukhetho kuwo wonke amazinga. Joyina i-united ukuphikiswa amandla inikeza abanye, nakuba luyakhohlisa, kungenzeka ukubuya izikhundla wangaphambili. Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuphikiswa entsha eqinile ukwenza ukumnika capital yangasese. Nakuba kakhulu ukuzwa kukhulunywa ngezintaba imali endizeni siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo kwezombusazwe kungenziwa ngokuthi ahlambalazayo, kodwa yimaphi amandla okufanele abe real impahla ngesisekelo. Ukuzibandakanya eliphikisayo abantu kwabacebile yimpumelelo ihlinzeka ukwesekwa ngempela abalulekile zonke nakangaka wamavukelambuso. Awu, kokugcina, kodwa anisoze isixhumanisi awuwona yini ongelutho kunayo esikuziphathimandla kufanele abe nezihlakaniphi futhi abameleli Beau monde. abaculi othandekayo, elite zokudala - bayakwazi uhole abantu, okungenani abalandeli babo.

Ingabe ikhona esizayo?

Ikhumbula isipiliyoni zeminyaka eyedlule, ke unxusa umbuzo: "Kuyoze kube nini le elibusayo zezombusazwe Russia wokuvimba ekuphikisweni?" Kuyaziwa ukuthi akukho okuphakade ezaziwayo. Izigigaba ezisanda kwenzeka kusenza sicabange kanzima mayelana amathemba uhulumeni wamanje kanye namathuba balungele kuphikiswa. Lowo mkhuba, okuyinto kwaphawuleka ngo-2012 eMoscow, sikhuluma kuphela ngokubanjwa nokuvuthwa zombusazwe umphakathi, egcwele kungenzeka ngenxa ushintsho izizukulwane. Umphakathi, okuyinto has umbono ayo ezombusazwe futhi ayidingi abaholi. Society, useye wakwazi ukuba viva ngaphakathi ngesikhathi esifushane futhi sibonise isimo sabo ngokucacile, angabhekwa ovuthiwe ngempela, isilungele inkhulumomphendvulwano neziphathimandla. Futhi ukuthi unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa bazibiza ukuphikiswa namuhla, akulungele zikhathi zonke ukuvikela izintshisekelo hhayi abacacisiwe noma amaqembu, kodwa kuso sonke isizwe. Ngokungangabazeki, into efana ukuphikiswa ethandwa, kufanele kuthuthukiswe, kungenjalo akunakwenzeka ukuthuthukisa umphakathi. ukwazi Russian is ayisekho kugxile oyedwa, ngakho ushintsho umholi ngalesi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane emphakathini akuyona inkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "umholi" sinyamalale emphakathini wanamuhla. Futhi uhulumeni kufanele agcine lokhu engqondweni. Nge ukuphikiswa kumele nivumelana, kumelwe bakwazi ukukuzwa. Aphikisayo kwakudingeka amandla okungenani ukuze usize amaphutha lesifanele ungavumeli uphumule.