Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Turgenev. ukuphila Iminyaka Turgenev sika

Yiziphi umsuka tetemibhalo noma yimuphi omunye art? Yiziphi amabutho ukushayela benza umculi ukuyenza? Ngokusho imithetho dialectics, lawo mandla zonke izinhlobo eziphikisanayo, ngokuvamile kufihlwe ekujuleni inqubo. Thina sihlolisise ukuthi umbhali ngaphezulu owaziwayo yezifundo zezikole. Imaphi amanye amaqiniso avezwa ezithakazelisayo ezivela empilweni Turgenev silawula ukuthola?

Yini esiyaziyo mayelana nombhali "Mumu" nesithi "Noble Nest"?

Ukudala ku-internet Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva iyingxenye yefa zasendulo izincwadi Russian yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Izincwadi zakhe siqhubeke isimo izingqondo zabantu Russian analo nekhulu lesibili leminyaka. imibono Umlobi BakaJehova bayaqhubeka kube lusizo, futhi yayo izithombe kwezobuciko qinani imiva yabo kanye ekuqaleni le kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye. A amaqiniso ziyangqubuzana ukuphila Turgenev yabakhanga hhayi kuphela abacwaningi yomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa abafundi abavamile izindaba zakhe futhi amanoveli. Futhi ukuphila umbhali babe eningi izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo futhi izimo impikiswano.

amaqiniso oluchaza

Uma echaza kafushane ngokuphila Turgenev, owokuqala Ubamba iso elandelayo esimweni ongaziwa - ngenhliziyo yami yonke owathanda ubunjalo umbhali Russian ayethanda ukuchitha iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe ngangokunokwenzeka ezivela eRussia. Mhlawumbe kuye bekude kwaba lula ukubhala izincazelo ezinde kwamahlathi isiRashiya, amasimu, nasemizaneni izigodi? Ugqozi - into ezingezwakali ... kodwa empeleni konke kwakuyize prosaic okuningi. Thola ifa ezinhle, futhi imali ekahle uvela emafeni, umlobi kakhulu ukuzizwa ekhululekile ngaphandle ezweni. Russian elite ahlukile ukufunda Turgenev ngokuzithandela. Yilokho nje ukwabelana nemibono yakhe yezombusazwe bahluleka. Konke amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu nokuphila Turgenev e ngandlela-thile uxhumene yalelozwe yakhe. Lapha wayengumuntu ngakho ongaziwa kulendawo amakhosi asendulo.

Wohlanga olukhulu-Aristocrat

Izincwadi ezinkulu Russian ukweleta master-umninindlu ukuthi he was fike of abalobi bokuqala, ngubani yabhekisela nje sokuphila, ukuphila namasiko abantu abavamile. Ngaphambi "iphisi Amanothi" Turgenev wayengekho vogue. kakhulu Igama lalesi umjikelezo izindaba yasungulwa umhleli we- "Contemporary" Panayev ngandlela-thile bathethelele umfundi ibanga kancane engavamile themes nezithombe, yena ngeke ukuhlangabezana emakhasini le ncwadi. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Turgenev uqale emakhasini alo, lapho umlandzi kalula indlela liyabonakala nombhali lelandzisako. Futhi zomninindawo-wohlanga olukhulu nge uyavumelana kakhulu kanye nokuzwelana ngosizi lwezilwane abavamile abalimi isiRashiya, serfs. Futhi lokho hhayi kumnandi kakhulu ekuphileni Turgenev. umbhali Simple ububele abacindezelwe akagcinanga lapho. Wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze ushintshe uhlelo olukhona izinto eRussia.

kwezilwandle

Mhlawumbe iminyaka engcono kakhulu yokuphila Turgenev sika wayichitha France. Yakhe wathatha kumibuthano eliphakeme ahlukile futhi nokucwala bohemian laseParis ngokulangazela. Izincwadi zakhe kwahunyushwa, eshicilelwe nokufunda kulo lonke Europe ukukhanyiselwa. Umlobi uhambo okuningi, ayethanda ukuhlala phezu Cote d'Azuri eFrance, e-Italy. Luvame ukuhambisana, njengenhlangano zokuhlonipha wokugada izinkambo odumile umculi French Poliny Viardo, othandekayo wakhe. Thina awuhambanga amaqiniso waphawuleka futhi enjalo ezithakazelisayo ezivela empilweni Turgenev, njengengxenye ukuvakashelwa kwakhe endlini ukugembula kanye kwekhasino Baden-Baden kanye Monte Carlo. umbhali isiRashiya kwakuwulimi umuntu venturesome kakhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi hhayi ayeyidinga kakhulu imali. Kodwa konke lokhu isikhathi eside Ngaqhubeka kuye e-Europe akuyona uthando ihamba ngokonakala. Masihlukane ezweni kwakungenxa ngenxa indlela umbhali acabanga ngayo, okuyinto kwelizinga okuphikisana Empire Russian kumibuthano yokubusa.

Abantu abasha Turgenev

Yiqiniso, umbhali wayengeyedwa imizamo yakhe. Wayemelela lakhe lokusungula ukuthola ukushesha ezinamandla lekucabanga nomphakathi. Nomaphi iminyaka idlula ukuphila Turgenev sika, izincwadi zakhe zazinqamukile okuhloswe ngazo isilinganiselo kancane kancane ushintsho ngenakugwemeka kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe eRussia. Ngaphezu serfs, waletha emisebenzini yakhe igalari izinhlobo ukuthi ubukade ezincwadini Russian kwakungeyona elula. Kodwa babeyizinceku phakathi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye emphakathini Russian futhi ngokwemvelo kubonakala emakhasini amanoveli kanye izindaba Turgenev. Sikhuluma mayelana abavamile-mbuso. Mayelana nabantu abangasithandi ngokuphelele hhayi aneliseke indlela owawukhona eminyaka okuphila Russian. Mayelana labo kabuhlungu ekufuneni izindlela ukushintsha oda ekhona sezinto. Omunye kungaba phikisana ngesimo umlobi kulezi new heroes, kukude ngalokuvakalako. Kodwa umbhali-umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela immortalized izimfuno zabo ezingokomoya ezincwadini zakho. Futhi namhlanje siyobe senza ngaphandle kwabo kuba nzima khulu ukuzwisisa zangenkathi yangaphambi izinguquko.

Leli zwe embundwini izinguquko ezinkulu

Umlobi kwadingeka ukuba amuke kuleli zwe eside ngaphambi Russia wahlasela isivunguvungu yizimpi nokuvukela. Futhi namuhla singaba kuphela ukuqagela mayelana nendlela zabuna Russian uye wasabela okwenzekile kuleli zwe ngemva kwamashumi amahlanu ngemva ukuqedwa serfdom. Kodwa umbhali-umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela Turgenev bekulokhu iyahola mpikiswano kawonkewonke emisebenzini yazo ayikwazanga dudula a umbono izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngokusebenzisa incwadi yakhe, imibono izinguquko kanye ngamazwi ashiwo ifinyelele abalazi isizukulwane sonke sabantu Russian. Kwakungekho wamavukelambuso esizayo ongeyena ujwayelene nomsebenzi wakhe.