"'93", uHugo: isifinyezo ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa, ukuhlaziya. LamaRoma 'isilinganisongqo amathathu "

Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i ka le noveli yodumo "Les Miserables" ngo-1862, Viktor Gyugo wacabanga ukubhala omunye, akukho kancane emikhulu isebenza. Le ncwadi wadalwa iminyaka eyishumi eside. nezindaba ngezihloko ezihlukene ngesikhathi sakhe abathintekayo enovelini "'93" UHugo. Isifingqo imisebenzi lokugcina umbhali omkhulu French ezichazwe kulesi sihloko.

Umlando sokudalwa

Yini ngitsheliwe enovelini "'93" UHugo? Isifinyezo mkhiqizo ngezansi. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ke, kufanele ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana nomlando ukulotshwa inoveli. Ngesisekelo ke waya izenzakalo ezibaluleke komlando 1793. Nokho, babengaliqondi eyethulwe umbono kombhali lokwenteke France phakathi nengxenye yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye - okuyi neMpi Franco-Prussian kanye Paris isigodi. Ngakho, ngo-omuhle wobuciko "isilinganisongqo ezintathu" Viktor Gyugo Yaveza imibono yakhe enxenyeni isimo sezombangazwe eyayivamile izwe lakubo ngo eminyakeni 1870-1871.

Kwenzekeni esikhathini lapho umbhali kokuqeda kwakhe zakamuva inoveli zomlando? Ngemva ephetha isivumelwano sokuthula Prussia izibhelu waqala, okwaphumela revolution futhi kwaholela ekusungulweni ukuzibusa. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nambili. Njengoba sekushiwo, umbono kule noveli "isilinganisongqo ezintathu" necebo umbhali iminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kokuba umcimbi ngenhla. Mhlawumbe ngokunembile ngenxa yesimo esinzima ezweni, ukudalwa ekudalweni elilandelayo esalibele isikhathi eside. Umqondo inoveli, okuyinto ekuqaleni abazange babe wabuka ecacile, ekugcineni kwakhiwa emva kuphazamiseka zezenhlalo nezombusazwe 1870-1872 sika.

A ngobuciko tindzaba temlandvo letingasilo liciniso

Uma kuziwa isigaba ezifana izincwadi mayelana French Revolution, okokuqala kunakho konke, kukhulunywa ngaye hhayi kuphela umsebenzi French Romanticism inzalamizi. Lezi zenzakalo wake wabhala Aleksandr Dyuma. Base benikezela imisebenzi yabo ukuze abacwaningi abaningi bezinye izizwe kanye Russian. Nokho, ongowenani elikhulu bomlando nokulotshwa kwalo yencwadi yiyona "'93" UHugo. Amazwibela umsebenzi - ngokuqinisekile hhayi kuphela ukudluliswa imicimbi ebalulekile zezombusazwe basisebenzisa njengeHholo indaba for ngesakhiwo. Iphinde onomfutho indaba isiphetho abalingiswa abasemqoka abazizwa ngayo. Ngakho, lapho le noveli iqala, "'93" UHugo?

Indaba efingqiwe: ihlathi Sodreysky

Le noveli isethwe ekupheleni Meyi 1793. Paris Ibutho, eqhuba kwesimo endaweni e Sodreyskom emahlathini wayesekulungele iyiphi isiphetho. Phela, lezi zindawo courted udumo ezibuhlungu. Umbhali okuthiwa Sodreysky ihlathi indawo scariest emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokuthi yilapha lapho izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kwezenzakalo ezichazwe kule noveli "isilinganisongqo Three", kwakunengozi atrocity kuqala impi yombango. Uma ehlathini Sodreyskom ngempela ujabule obunokuthula inyoni ukuzingela. Mayelana izenzakalo zezombusazwe e-Paris, konke kwashintsha. Le noveli "isilinganisongqo ezintathu" okubonisa isikhathi lapho lezi zinto izindawo ebabazekayo kwenziwa inqina ngesihluku.

Amasosha markitanka lokuhamba nabo, wezwa sengiprofethile osolisayo otshanini. Babekulungele ukubhekana ukudubula. Nokho, kwathi owesifazane ecasha sezihlahla of ongumlimi imvelaphi kanye nabantwana bakhe abathathu. Ngokusho imithetho sempi engajabule okuhleliwe ngemibuzo. Kufanele uthole ukuthi yini izinkolelo zombusazwe abanamathela umama ongayedwa. Kude hhayi yonke imibuzo angakwazanga ukuphendula ngokucacile lesi sangoma. Amasosha namanje wathola ukuthi umyeni wakhe Michel Fleshar - okuyi okuthiwa wesifazane - wafa. A eqhugwaneni ababehlala bashiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, umlimi ekucindezelekeni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yena wazulazula ehlathini ungayi ndawo, bengazi ukuthi okukhulu engozini enkulu-ke udalula bakuthole bona nezingane zabo.

Ngemva kokuzwa indaba edabukisayo owesifazane ongumlimi, usayitsheni okuthiwa Ibutho Raduba wasikisela ukuba bamukele Rene-Jean, Gros-Alain no UGeorgette.

Corvette "Claymore"

Ukubhala inoveli kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe ucwaningo olujulile nombhali umlando esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso ukunyakaza Chouans. Umlobi efunde eziningi zomlando. Futhi izinto ezenzeka e-Paris ngesikhathi lapho edala umsebenzi zomlando luwuthinte indaba kanye nebalingisi protagonists.

Esikhathini inoveli, kubonakala isimo sengqondo sabantu Hugo ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Umlobi besho ngobuqotho ne Communards wahlula, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo ezibucayi yezindlela yokulwa kubo. Lesi simo sengqondo eziphikisa ekufezeni wamavukelambuso ukunyakaza sengqondo kwakheka ukuze izenzakalo, njengoba kubonakala kula inoveli "isilinganisongqo amathathu". Hugo namaqhawe - amadoda senzo. Nokho, zenziwe izimiso futhi banikele ukuphila kwabo ngenxa injongo ephakeme. Ngezinye izikhathi izisulu zezinhlekelele intengo enjalo liphezulu kakhulu.

Juni yokuqala evela ogwini England ngomkhumbi frigate, wazifihla njengendlela umkhumbi wabahwebi owawufike. Eqinisweni, le "Claymore" kuba umgibeli kubaluleke kakhulu. Umbhali uchaza kanje lokhu: ". Umuntu omude ubudala, egqoke ongumlimi ngemvunulo, kodwa kokuba sihlobene Prince" Ama-frigate bird Ayebulewe empini ne isigaba French. Blame the umdubuli kambayimbayi, ngubani ngomyalo umuntu, vyryazhenny e elula ongumlimi izingubo abese adubule. I ngokubabazekayo ixhegu yasizwa royalists ukuba umholi ngekusasa lophiko Vendée edlubulundayo. Nokho, enye yala madoda - kwasho insizwa egama layo Galmalo - enquma okuziphindiselela mayelana nokubulawa kwendoda umdubuli kambayimbayi ubudala. Phela, ungumfowabo yakhe. Nokho Galmalo isikhathi uyenqaba uhambise ukubulala.

Marquis de Lantenak

Lona igama lendoda ongaqondakali, weqa ngokuyisimangaliso ngenkathi kuhanjwa abagibele frigate. On izwe, ifunda izindaba mayelana nokubhujiswa iqembu republic. Lantenak iyalela ukubulawa zonke iziboshwa. Kulokhu, awusebenzi enze okuhlukile ngisho laba besifazane ababili. Izingane ezintathu, zazo he thasisela uyala ukuletha kanye, ungayembethe plan esicacile ngekusasa lawo. Omunye walaba besifazane, Okwamanje, uyaphila: wakhe kuphela udubuleke ingqwababa.

Umoya wamavukelambuso

In Paris, isimo emzabalazweni. Hugo iveza French inhloko-dolobha lapho ngisho nezingane smiling heroically. Lapha konke okuphefumulayo revolution. Phakathi abashumayeli kulezi zinsuku imele Simurden umpristi. Yena lulunya cool esinamakhanda. Uma Revolution kwagqashuka Simurden wenqaba isikhundla wanikela ukuphila kwakhe phambili umzabalazo wenkululeko. Le ndoda, kulinganiselwa hola Robespierre kamuva baba ogunyaziwe Sezindela e Vendée.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala July isihambi oyedwa eyeka eduze yabelana, kwelinye yezihambi. Okusuka kumnikazi yokudlela lo muntu oze kamuva kuvela ukuthi akekho omunye ngaphandle Simurdenom uyezwa izimpi ezenzeka eseduze. Ukulwa Gauvin futhi Marquis de Lantenak. Ukulwa alikwazanga njengoba igazi, uma isenzo umholi we royalists. Lantenak kusolakala eyalele ukuba kubulawe owesifazane nezingane zakhe ubambe endaweni ethile enqabeni. Simurden athunyelwa empini, lapho cishe babulawa ngenkemba, okuyinto Gauvin buhlungu. Le nsizwa - inzalo umndeni esihle. Simurden uyazi kuye kusukela zisencane.

Terror nesihawu

Gauvin yake Simurdena umfundi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena nguye kuphela ubani umuntu oseqinile, futhi sinesihluku azizwa uthando. Futhi Simurden futhi Gauvin iphupho ngokunqoba Republic. Nokho, okokuqala ukholelwa ukuthi ukufeza umgomo can kuphela ukwesaba. Eyesibili uncamela uholwe ububele. Nokho, Gauvin, mayelana kushintshwe kunalokho Lantenaku ezingahlangani. He is ngomumo yini ngalokhu, ukuze ichithe Marquis.

Izingane Michelle Fleshar

Lantenak esasizobhujiswa perdition. Ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe, usebenzisa ongumlimi Fleshar izingane abathunjwa. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi enqabeni lapho Lantenak sicashe khona ophumayo ngomshoshaphansi. Cavaliers ukukhululwa komholi walo, kanye elilodwa ngaphambi kokushiya indawo yokuhlala, umlilo amasudi, ngaleyo ndlela dooming izingane okuthile fa. Nokho, ngomzuzu wokugcina Lantenak wezwa unina ukukhala, ubuyele bese ugcine eyisithunjwa yakhe encane.

ukubulawa

Gauvin - uhlamvu ukuthi kubonisa ubulungisa nesihe. Futhi ngoba ukhulula Lantenaka. Republic, ngokuvumelana Gauvin akufanele silingcolise yena nibulala umuntfu waqhubeka umhlatshelo. Ukuze isenzo elinomusa umkhuzi abasha isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. umusho Unonya ayikhiphi ngaphandle Simurden. Kodwa ngokushesha Gauvin ilahlekelwa ikhanda ukushaya guillotine, umpristi wangaphambili ezibulala. nomphumela omubi kangaka kuqede Hugo "isilinganisongqo amathathu".

ukuhlaziya

Lo msebenzi zomlando kubonisa isimo sengqondo eziphikisa maqondana inguquko ngomqondo ebanzi izwi. Le noveli yabhalwa ngesikhathi izenzakalo Paris Khulumani futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba impendulo isimo eyayivamile inhlokodolobha French e 1871-1872 ngokulandelana. Umlobi bebabaza ukubaluleka inguquko elahlasela izwe lakubo kuphela, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa ngenkathi umbhali wasigcwalisa umqondo wakhe eyedlule umphakathi kungaba ngcono kuphela ngenxa ukonakala zomhlaba kwangaphakathi yomuntu. Hhayi zokuphola ekhona juxtaposition zokuthumela izithombe ezifana Simurden futhi Gowen. Terror nesihawu - lawa izici ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, ngokubona uHugo.

"Isilinganisongqo ezintathu": Izibuyekezo

Omunye ukudalwa yokubhala izincwadi ebizwa ngokuthi lokhu emidwebweni ububanzi, oluveza izenzakalo enkulu kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Yiqiniso, i-a baxgeki Soviet-inkathi nazibona inoveli Hugo sika efuna ukucwaninga, okungukuthi umzabalazo wabantu zokusebenza Paris, ukukhazinyuliswa wabaholi kanye ukuhlaselwa uthukuthele phezu kwamadoda asebukhosini kwabokufika. Eqinisweni, kule noveli okukhulunywa ngazo kulesi sihloko akuwona kuphela zendalo enkulu nephrozi classical, kodwa futhi umsebenzi impikiswano iningi uHugo.

umbhali Ukudala French baziswa wayeyisazi izincwadi Russian, UTolstoy futhi Dostoevsky. Umsebenzi edume kakhulu ngaphandle iFrance noveli "Les Miserables". Nokho, imibhalo on umoya impikiswano inguquko, futhi, yaqashelwa abafundi. Lokhu inoveli, ngokuvumelana abalandeli Viktora Gyugo, kuwumsebenzi omuhle kunayo yonke yakwa-tindzaba temlandvo letingasilo liciniso yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.

Ukuhumusha kusukela French ku Russian okokuqala eyenziwa kwaba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Umqondo wamavukelambuso, njengoba wazi, ngaleso sikhathi owawudliwe izingqondo abafundi nezihlakaniphi. Nokho, lesi sihloko njalo efanele. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu umdlandla inoveli ngeke ucimeke. Kuze kube manje, lo msebenzi wokuhumusha ezihamba phambili kusukela French ku isiRashiya, ngokuvumelana abafundi futhi baxgeki, fanele Nadezhda Zharkova.

Zemiphumela emibi yokucindezeleka inguquko - kuyingxenye ebalulekile emlandweni Russian. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-inoveli omkhulu Viktora Gyugo lidumile kubafundi ezweni lethu namuhla.