UNobhala woMbuso - lena okusezingeni eliphezulu isikhundla kuhulumeni emazweni amaningi emhlabeni

Isihloko UNobhala woMbuso avame ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukuze ubheke izikhundla medium noma high kuhulumeni. Uhlu imithwalo yakhe yemfanelo futhi amandla iyashiyana izwe. Ohulumeni kwamanye amazwe akusebenzi sodwa, kodwa onobhala isimo eziningana. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu ophethe lesi okuthunyelwe, iholwa ejensi emaphakathi noma i-ejensi kahulumeni. Kwamanye amazwe, UNobhala woMbuso - kuyinto isikhonzi umsizi. Kodwa ngo-US kulesi sikhundla ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu kuhulumeni.

Ukuvela isihloko eRussia

Isikhundla UNobhala woMbuso wabonakala ngesikhathi kubusa uCatherine II. Lesi sihloko ukhishwa uMbusi izipikha siqu, wayenelungelo lokwenqaba ukuba ubheke ngaphandle kokugunyazwa. Basuke omethembayo abantu ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi futhi royal enze ngithunyiwe siqu. Uma umbusi wanikeza iziyalezo ngamazwi, UNobhala woMbuso wamemezela nabasizi babo futhi enkantolo.

Kusukela u-Alexander I ukuze uNicholas II

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, lesi sihloko zokuhlonipha unikelwa kuphela ngesiqunto esithethwe ngokuqondile le nkosi. abanikazi zakhe zaba izicukuthwane civil ezinegunya. Ngo 1810, uMkhandlu State sekwakhiwe uMbuso Russian. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kohlaka izinguquko ovulekile kahulumeni. It asetshenziswa njengenqubo izikhungo aphakeme zakonosoveschatelnogo yezwe.

Ngezinye umzimba ekhethekile sokweluleka sakhiwa UNobhala woMbuso. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa olusemthethweni kabani yemfanelo yayihlanganisa ukwamukelwa izicelo izikhalazo igama imithetho yombusi. Wayengumuntu umuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu uMkhandlu WoMbuso, njengoba kuchazwe ezinkingeni ezehlukene ngaphansi kwekhono sikhungo. UNobhala State owawunalo ekuchithweni kwayo abasizi aqokwe izincomo le nkosi komuntu siqu. komsebenzi wabo kwakuwukukhuthaza ukuqapha imisebenzi yeminyango uMkhandlu Wombuso.

Finland ukuphathwa

Akubona bonke izingxenye zoMbuso Russian kwadingeka isimo esifanayo. Finland wawuyingxenye oyiyo, ngenkathi sigcina izinga elithile okuzimela wendawo. Kube umnyango ahlukene ekuphathweni zensimu nge isimo ekhethekile. Kwakuthinta eliholwa esimisiwe ukuze lombusi we UNobhala woMbuso. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu owakhonza kulesi sikhundla, labhalwa Finnish. Izikhulu zikahulumeni, ababambelela kule post, ukudlulisa imibiko yabo kanye nemibiko ngqo kumbusi. Sokuhlala olusemthethweni likaNobhala Wombuso Wezindaba yaseFinland kwaba Petersburg.

Ababambelela kule isikhundla eMbusweni Russian

Njengomthetho, lesi sihloko ukhishwa izikhonzi, ukusebenzisa ithemba kuphela le nkosi sika. Ngokomthetho, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1842, i-UNobhala woMbuso wenza isihloko isikhundla umnikazi kunakunoma ezinye izikhulu yesikhundla ayenaso. Ngokuvamile, lokhu isihloko ayitholanga bakahulumeni ubambe iposi ezikhonzayo ngezansi. Ngo-1900, inani eliphelele onobhala isimo embusweni enezisebenzi 27. Ngu ngomthetho wenkosi, ibheji okukhethekile abanikazi isihloko.

Esikhathini Russian Federation

Inchazelo wanamuhla isikhundla wehlukile pre-wamavukelambuso. ERussia namuhla ngokuthi State uNobhala iSekela likaNgqongqotjhe. He is nomthwalo wokuxhumanisa umsebenzi zomthetho. NgokoMthetho we-imisebenzi UNobhala woMbuso futhi zihlanganisa sokulondoloza nge eziningana yahulumende emizimbeni. Isikhundla esasungulwa Umthetho kahulumeni 1994.

E-United States of America

Igama elisemthethweni uNgqongqoshe US Foreign Affairs nezwi esusela esiNgisini kuzwakala "UNobhala woMbuso". He is kwenhloko yomnyango inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye unamandla angaphezu kuka ozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe. UNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle lifaka wesithathu e sabaphathi kwamandla. candidacy yakhe ikhethwa umongameli kuqinisekiswa iSigele.

E-UK,

UNobhala State of the United Kingdom - nongungqongqoshe weKhabhinethi ngesikhathi inhloko yomnyango kahulumeni kanye obhekene nokusebenza kwawo. umthetho waseBrithani inikeza sokuba khona isimo amandla sakhiwo okuthunyelwe eyodwa kuphela. Nokho, umkhuba e-United Kingdom usebenza eziningi onobhala isimo, imisebenzi senior zezinkonzo ezahlukene.

ICodex

ISibonisikuqala seSakhiwo unobhala isimo - lena isikhundla eliphakeme zokuphatha, esangenza ukuba luthathe kuphela Cardinal ka iSonto LamaRoma Katolika. He is obangela emisebenzini ethile yezombusazwe nasemikhosini nakwezombusazwe ngaleso Vatican. UNobhala we-State of the Holy See kubhekwe njengento undunankulu lelitimele yedolobha isimo. Nembangi okuthunyelwe ngqo kuqokwa Upapa. UNobhala Vatican ehhovisi State uphela ngemva kokufa noma abdication we Upapa nokuqala kwenkathi "sobukhosi singenamuntu".