Umqophi Antokolsky Mark Matveevich: Biography, umndeni, umsebenzi

Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ukukhuluma mayelana umqophi ANTOKOLSKY. Lo muntu idume endalweni yakhe emangalisayo, okuyinto zazithandwe ngabaningi. Njengoba uMarku Matveevich wahlala, yini ukuphila kwakhe? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zingatholakala esihlokweni.

ebuntwaneni

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky wazalwa ngo-1840, ku-2 Novemba. amadoda Isibongo iphindela igama Emaphethelweni Vilnius Antakalnis, izwe ahlala wonke umndeni. Mark uye wayenabafowabo nodadewabo 8. Bakhandwa bonke bazalelwa emkhayeni wamaJuda. Umama nobaba babehlala ngempela ngesizotha, njengoba abantu babe kunalokho abampofu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunakwa sakhokhwa inkolo. Nokho, yena akanandaba ikakhulukazi Mark kancane, ngubani kusukela zisencane wazizwa isithakazelo umdvwebo. Njengoba umfana wahosha lokho ayefuna nalapho ayefuna, abazali asabela ngayo uthando lwakhe ekuqaleni kancane bese ezimbi. Kodwa isizathu kwaba Kungekhona lokho kuphela - babengafuni ukubona inzalo yakhe umculi. Noma kunjalo, njengoba isikhathi sasihamba futhi inhliziyo sabazali sashintsha bebuka imizamo ingane yakhe. Lapho Mark ekhula futhi uye waba ngokucacile ithalenta umdvwebo, wathunyelwa ukufunda kuya yezithakazelo ezigxilile zababazi izinkuni. The guy abaqeqeshiwe futhi masinyane ngisho singcono kakhulu uthisha wakhe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, a yuntse abanamakhono kakade aziwa eziningi.

umqophi Ikusasa nesithakazelo Antokolsky unkosikazi Wilna Jikelele V Nazimova, owasiza neziphiwo abasha. Kuyinto ngenxa ukuphikelela kwakhe futhi Relations Mark wathatha lokuyofunda Academy of Arts. Wavunyelwa abe sokuzithandela ekilasini ebaziwe.

Ipumelelo wokuqala

Kakade 1864, i-Marku Matveevich Antokolsky uthola nayo lendondo yesiliva ngempumuzo okusezingeni eliphezulu "umJuda-umsiki" azidalile. Ngemva womsebenzi onzima iminyaka emine umfana uthola indondo yegolide ngicele impumuzo okusezingeni eliphezulu onesihloko esithi "I uNgoqo."

By endleleni, kuyilapho isitshudeni sase-Academy of Arts umfana ngokuphelele kahle isiRashiya, kanye bazihluphe izincwadi Russian kanye nomlando. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ekhaya wakhuluma Yiddish. Umxhwele isiko Russian, akha isithombe 'Ivan Grozny "ngo-1970, lapho evusa ke cishe lifika esibhakabhakeni - umbazi abasha Antokolsky wathola isihloko academician zasesikoleni sayo. Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, owayenguyise nomvikeli Academy of Arts, wafika injabulo engachazeki lapho bebona umsebenzi likaMarku. It wayengadlali abaseBhayibhelini abakhuluma ngokuphela abanamakhono nsizwa uMbusi u-Alexander II, lapho esifanekisweni we abathintekayo kanye. Waze wanquma ukuthenga it for the Hermitage ngafakwa emsebenzini ruble ayizigidi 8, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kwaba omningi imali.

ukuvuthwa kwesikhathi

Antokolsky Mark Matveevich, ogama biography izincwadi esizifundayo, ngemva kokuphothula Academy watimisela kuya Paris neRoma. By the way, ngalezo zinsuku kwakuvamile ukuba abathweswe iziqu. Okungukuthi, lo mkhuba. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuze umuntu abe master ezinhle, futhi ngakwazi ukuletha into entsha, kwakufanele bonyana enze ukubona umsebenzi abaculi engcono yokuqala futhi shí emkhathini kwamasiko. Isikhumbuzo kuPetru 1 eTaganrog wayezelwe ebaziwe ngisho phakathi nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe ngesikhathi Academy, kodwa umsebenzi ngalo, waqala kuphela eRoma. Parallel kule, lo muntu waba ilungu elihambisana Paris Academy. Kakade ngo-1878 ubonisa izidalwa zakhe okuhle kodwa Exhibition Umhlaba eParis. By the way, Petru 1 lesikhumbuzo eTaganrog kubhekwa eyodwa nje the best.

UMbazi Antokolsky wathola aphakeme umklomelo kungenzeka futhi Order of iButho Ukuhlonishwa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, indoda ibilokhu iyilungu elihambisana zezifundiswa amaningana eNtshonalanga Yurophu: London, Vienna, Berlin nabanye.

kweminyaka

Ngo-1889, indoda kudala esifanekisweni "Nestor Umlobi womlando." iminyaka engu-2 kamuva lo umqophi uqeda eminye imisebenzi amabili abalulekile: esifanekisweni sethusi "Ermak" futhi majolica "Yaroslav Mudry."

Ngaphezu ukubaza, uMarku wabhala okuningi eminyakeni yamuva. izihloko lakhe kwezobuciko eshicilelwe ezihlukahlukene omagazini eYurophu. Ngo-1887 wakhipha umqulu "Autobiography" yakhe, futhi ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wabhala inoveli "Ben-Isaka" ngubani wanikela ukuphila kwakhe amaJuda.

Ngemva kokufa ncwadi umuntu omkhulu yanyatheliswa "UMarku Matveevich Antokolsky. yokuphila kwakhe, umsebenzi, izincwadi nezihloko. "

Antokolsky wafa e Frankfurt am Main, kodwa abanye bama kwelokuthi icela umaluju isibhakabhaka edolobheni Bad Homburg. Wembelwa e-isimo ka emathuneni Jewish Petersburg. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ebuntwaneni indoda wayeyikholwa, nalokho okusala nazo zonke ezinye izinsuku lakhe bebona amasiko nenkolo yobuJuda. I itshe lethuna lihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso Torah umqulu, menorah futhi iNkanyezi KaDavide.

umndeni

Njengoba for umndeni, umqophi babengenawo unkosikazi noma izingane. Umndeni wakhe kubhekwa ukuba umshana Elena Tarhanova, naye owayenesikhundla mculi. Owesifazane wayeshade physiologist abadumile Ivanom Tarhanovym. Nge Antokolsky base kwabomndeni imimoya, ngakho-ke njalo wayelokhu exhumana, ndawonye sabhekana nesimo esibucayi zokudala.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Imifanekiso uphawu antokolsky edumile kakhulu. Umuntu onjalo abanamakhono kwadingeka abalandeli abaningi. Ababili babo - kungcono Boris Schatz no-Ilya Ginzburg.

I ebaziwe wokuqala Russian ezenziwe, okuyinto yathengwa eNtshonalanga - ukusebenza Antokolsky "Tsar Ivan Vasilievich le Kubi." umsebenzi Kutholiwe kwaba e Kensington Museum.

EJerusalema kukhona emgwaqweni lapho uqanjwe Antokolsky.

"Ermak" futhi "Ivan Grozny"

Cabangela esinye ukubaza ezithakazelisayo kakhulu uphawu antokolsky - "Ermak". Okokuqala, ake sithi ukuthi yonke imisebenzi ukubaza wabulawelwa isitayela okwangempela, futhi kungani kukhona zikhanga kangaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siphawula ngokunemba nokuphimisela ngokucacile endalweni yakhe. Umsebenzi "Ermak" Antokolsky waqala ngo 1881. Ermak Timofeevich - wake waphila ngempela. Akwaziwa isikhulu Cossack owayehola ekunqotshweni eSiberia ngoba isimo Russian. Akumangazi ukuthi kaMarku, owayengeyena benesithakazelo kangaka emlandweni isiRashiya, bakhangwa Ermak sibalo. Futhi wona kanye umqondo wokuthandana ke onibekele round usuku - the tercentenary we ukunqoba yeSiberia. "Phezulu" kufikile ngesikhathi esifanayo ethunywe ngokusemthethweni ukwakha ebaziwe.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izincwadi kukhona izincazelo ngokwanele hero, Antokolsky wayechaza ukuthini umfanekiso ocacile, ukukhombisa imizwa. Phambi kwakhe kwaba msebenzi ukwakha isithombe ngabe emelelwa amandla umoya wonke abantu Russian a. Ngokumangalisayo, empeleni Mark Matveevich wakwazi kabusha konke izici zobuso umuntu olulodwa. Isibalo enkulu indoda Kugcizelela ne usayizi alula nangomfutho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zempi iqhawe enziwe ukunemba okukhulu futhi ubuqiniso zomlando. Kuningi isikhathi kanye nemizamo sasetshenziswa ukudalwa lokhu ebaziwe emangalisayo, kodwa angizisoli.

Statue "Ivan Grozny" kwaba umsebenzi wokuqala ezinkulu amadoda. Le ndlela kwenziwa nge ukunakwa engavamile imininingwane. Inkosi ihlala esihlalweni sobukhosi esiphakeme, emahlombe embozwe ingubo ethambile, futhi ngasezinyaweni zakhe - amandla phezu lonke izwe. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi kwelinye ebaziwe Marc Antokolsky ungase ziveza cishe bonke abantu abanolwazi futhi lokho kwakubalulekile kuye. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, le nkosi, kwakudingeka zidlule kangaka, kungani ekugugeni kwakhe wesaba kakhulu. Nokho, inkosi kunzima kakhulu ukuvuma lapho benze amaphutha abo, futhi ngoba esitshekile emuva, okwenza kubukeke sengathi indoda surly ubudala. Naphezu ukuqaphela izono zakhe, akakwazi sicele intethelelo yakhe, kungani kuba nzima nakakhulu.

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky: "Ukufa USocrates"

Umqondo kwazalwa umbhali e 1874. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eziningi yemisebenzi yoMdali zigcwele idrama kwangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi emifanekisweni yongqondongqondo basendulo. Lo msebenzi yadalwa ngo-1877.

USocrates babenenkululeko yokuzikhethela: ukuphika imibono yakhe noma afe. Umcabangi wakhetha indlela yesibili. Umsebenzi we ebaziwe kwakufanele iveza yokuqothulwa eziphikelelayo zokuphila nobukhulu zokuziphatha feat. Ngu-Mark Matveevich uthe ufuna ukwakha into ebaziwe ngesikhathi kushona uSocrates, ukuveza le nhlekelele enkulu ukuthi abantu bafe ngenxa imibono yabo.

Sasixoxa ngaLowo ukuphila nomsebenzi we umqophi Antokolsky. Indlela yakhe ngokusebenzisa ukuphila wayegcwele hhayi kuphela okuvelele, kodwa futhi izithiyo. Naphezu kwezingqinamba zombango, indoda ngenkani waqhubeka enza izinto ozithandayo, eyilethe ukuphelela.