Conquest yeSiberia. Umlando ngokujoyina eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude eRussia

Conquest yeSiberia - ke ingenye izinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kumiswa wekuba sive Russian. Ukuthuthukiswa amazwe empumalanga kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-400. Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, kwakunabamemezeli ezimpini eziningi, ukunwetshwa angaphandle, uzungu, acebe izingobe.

Ukujoyina eSiberia namanje undab 'uzekwayo mlando futhi kubangela eziningi mpikiswano, kuhlanganise phakathi amalungu omphakathi.

I-Conquest yeSiberia ngu Ermak

Umlando yokunqotshwa yeSiberia iqala edumile ukushaywa Ermak. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu izikhulu Cossacks. idatha eqondile endabeni yokuzalwa wakhe nokhokho ukhona. Nokho, inkumbulo zobuqhawe bakhe sebefikile nakithi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ngo 1580, abahwebi abacebile stroganoff wamema Cossacks ukusiza ukuvikela yaleyo ngcebo ekuhlaselweni njalo yi-Ugrians. Cossacks wahlala edolobheni elincane futhi wahlala kuqhathaniswa ngokuthula. Zaba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi iVolga Cossacks. Sekube kancane kuka ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili. Ngo-1581, ngokwenani elalisetshenziswa abathengisi imali mashi lahlelwa. Naphezu ukubaluleka zomlando (eqinisweni, umkhankaso kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yokunqotshwa yeSiberia), lo mkhankaso akuyona yabakhanga eMoscow. I ezibiyele squad ngokuthi umane "izigcwelegcwele."

In autumn 1581 iqembu Ermak wangena shí imikhumbi ezincane futhi waqala ukuhamba emfuleni Chusovaya kuze ezintabeni. On kokufika Cossacks yayihlanze indlela yakhe, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla. Ibhishi kwaba lingenamuntu ngokuphelele. ephakamisa unomphela futhi ngesimo sendawo enezintaba ngikudalile kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu ushintsho. Ihamba (Struga) sathathwa ngokoqobo ususondele, ngoba yezimila okuqhubekayo yehlulekile ukufaka ezinamasondo. Nge kusondela kubanda le Cossacks setha ekamu phezu pass, lapho sasichitha wonke ebusika. Ngemva kwalokho ngaqala Rafting emfuleni Tagil.

eSiberia Khanate

I-Conquest yeSiberia ngu Yermak sihlangabezane ukumelana wokuqala kusukela AmaTatar wendawo. Kukhona cishe ngaphesheya komfula ob waqala laseSiberia Khanate. Lesi simo encane kwamiswa ngekhulu le-15, ngemva kokunqotshwa Golden zidlamlilo. Wawunodonga amandla eside futhi kwakuba ezibonakalayo ezincane ezimbalwa izikhulu.

I amaTartar bajwayele indlela ayimizulane wokuphila, ayikwazanga ukwakha umuzi omuhle, noma ngisho nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Zithengiswe, kuyimisebenzi eyinhloko asafuna futhi zahlasela. Warriors iningi ukukhwezwa. Njengoba izikhali ezisetshenziswa scimitars noma izinkemba. Ngokuvamile, base endaweni ekhiqizwa futhi ngokushesha yephuka. Kwakukhona ethumba izinkemba Russian nezinye izinto eliphezulu. Sasebenzisa amaqhinga ngokushesha abakhwele amahhashi kuphangwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho nabagibeli ngokoqobo Unyathela isitha, bese abase bebaleka. nemigundatshani Iningi yabacibishelayo.

Isisetshenziswa Cossacks

Cossack Ermak etholwe ngesikhathi service zamanje. Kwakuwusuku powder isibhamu kwaqhuma. Iningi AmaTatar ungazange ngisho ngizibone ezimbi njengazo, futhi lena Inzuzo enkulu Russian.

Eduze yesimanje Turinsk kwaba impi yokuqala. Lapha AmaTatar unyendle Cossacks waqala hlambi imicibisholo. Khona-ke, isikhulu epanche wendawo wathumela izinqola zakhe ku Ermak. Cossacks esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi kubo kusukela izibhamu eside futhi kwaqhuma, base begcwala AmaTatar. Lokhu kunqoba avunyelwe ukuthatha lendawo Ching-round ngaphandle kokulwa.

Ukunqoba lokuqala Cossacks alethwe izimpahla eziningi ezahlukene. Ngaphezu ngegolide nangesiliva, la mazwe babe noboya ocebile kakhulu eSiberia, okuyinto ayazise eRussia. Ngemva abanye abantu ekilasini inkonzo oyifundile mayelana ukukhiqizwa, ukunqoba eSiberia, Cossacks ukhangwa abantu abasha.

Conquest of Western eSiberia

Ngemva uchungechunge ngokunqoba esheshayo futhi kuphumelele Ermak baqala ukuthutha empumalanga olwengeziwe. Entwasahlobo a Tatar ambalwa izikhulu united alwisane Cossacks, kodwa ngokushesha wahlulwa neyaziwayo iziphathimandla zaseRussia. Ngo phakathi ehlobo kule yesimanje endaweni Yarkovsky kwaba impi yokuqala enkulu. Mametkula abakhwele amahhashi lahlasela yokuma Cossacks. Babefuna eduze futhi akuqede isitha, sibambe umgibeli kule Melee. Ermak ngokwakhe wema emseleni ukuthi kwaku isibhamu waqala umlilo ngesikhathi AmaTatar. Kakade emva volleys ambalwa Mametkul wagijima nayo yonke impi yakhe, labavulekela kudlule Karachi le Cossacks.

Ukwakhiwa umsebenzi umhlaba

Conquest yeSiberia besihambisana nesiminyaminya abalulekile-non-combat ukulahlekelwa. Kunzima izimo sezulu kanye sezulu esinzima okubangelwa izifo eziningi kule forwarders ekamu. Ngaphezu lamabutho Russian of Ermak nazo amaJalimane naseLithuania (kangaka okuthiwa abantu abavela aseBaltic).

Kwakumelwe abasengcupheni kakhulu isifo kanye acclimatization sekukaningi adlulisiwe. Nokho, olushisayo eSiberia nalezi zinselele wayengenandaba nawo, ngakho le Cossacks wathutha ngaphandle kwezinkinga, seludla futhi insimu eyengeziwe. nemizana Ithathwe kungukuthi aphanga futhi ashisa. Ngokuvamile akhwela ubucwebe isikhulu sendawo, uma nesibindi ukuze adalule ibutho. Kungenjalo-ke nje touted izipho. Ngaphezu Cossacks izifiki iqhaza emkhankasweni. Zazihamba ngemuva amasosha, kanye abefundisi kanye nabamele abaphathi ezingenayo. Emadolobheni yanqoba ke wakha izinqaba - ebiyelweyo izinqaba lokhuni. Bobabili ekuphathweni yombango nokuqothulwa uyisiphephelo kwenzeka ekuvinjezelweni.

Izizwe yanqoba babeboshelwe umtselo. Izinkokhelo zawo futhi kwadingeka ukuba babukele kwababusi Russian ejele. Uma othile engenqaba ukukubiza bakhokhe intela, wahambela iqembu wendawo. Ezinsukwini yokuvukela omkhulu wathathelwa kosizo Cossacks.

Ukunqotshwa yokugcina Khanate eSiberia

Conquest yeSiberia lula yokuthi AmaTatar sendawo cishe akazange nihlanganyele. izizwe ezihlukahlukene olwenziwa phakathi kwempi. Ngisho ngaphakathi Khanate laseSiberia, akuzona zonke izikhulu washesha ukusiza abanye. I ukumelana elikhulu Tatar Khan Kuchum. Ukuze umise i-Cossacks, waqala ukubutha phambilini ibutho. Ngaphezu isikwati, wamema Amasosha. Kwakumelwe Ostiaks futhi Voguls. Phakathi kwabo kukhona futhi bazi. Ekuqaleni kuka-Novemba, Khan wahola amaTartar ukuba umlomo Tobol ababehlose ukumisa Russian lapha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu bendawo isikhathi esiningi ayinazo abalulekile Kuchum usizo.

impi ewumnqamula-juqu

Lapho impi yaqala, cishe zonke Amasosha babalekile empini. ihlelwe kahle futhi oqeqeshwe amaTartar ayikwazanga eside agweme lukhuni izimpi futhi Cossacks futhi zinhlanga.

Ngemva kwalokhu kunqoba ukuqothulwa esiwujuqu ngaphambi Ermak wavula eya Kishlyk. Ngemva ukuthunjwa inhloko-dolobha lamabutho wayeka emzini. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva lapho zaqala ukutheleka Khanty abameleli ngezipho. Ataman wabemukela ngemfudumalo futhi wakhuluma kahle. Ngemva kwalokho, futhi AmaTatar waqala ngokuzithandela ukuletha izipho esenana Ukuvikelwa. Futhi, wonke umuntu eguqa, bathembisa ukukhokha intela.

Ukufa ngesikhathi isiqongo odumo

Conquest yeSiberia is hhayi ekucaleni kusekelwa eMoscow. Nokho, amahemuhemu mayelana nempumelelo we Cossacks ukusakaza angabacwasi ngokushesha kulo lonke izwe. Ngo 1582 Ermak wathuma ithimba enkosini. kwaba satellite Ataman Ivan Ring, ephethwe ehhovisi lenxusa. Tsar Ivan waba wesine reception Cossacks. Bona banikezwe izipho, phakathi okuyinto - gear ye smithy wasebukhosini. Ivan futhi bayalwa ukuba ukuqoqa squad zabantu 500 futhi wathunyelwa eSiberia. Ngonyaka owalandela Ermak yanqoba cishe lonke izwe ogwini we Irtysh.

Isikhulu abadumile waqhubeka anqobe ezindaweni ezingakaze zifinyelelwe futhi anqobe izizwe eziningi ngokwengeziwe. Kwakukhona nokuvukela, okuyinto ephethwe ngokushesha ukubeka phansi. Kodwa eduze komfula Vagai lamabutho ka Ermak ihlaselwa. ezindaweni Cossack ebusuku Emangele, lo amaTartar wakwazi ukubulala cishe yonke. Umholi Mikhulu Cossack Ataman Ermak wafa.

ukunqoba Eminye yeSiberia kafushane

Indawo esiqondile ukungcwaba isikhulu engaziwa. Ngemva kokufa Ermak sika benomfutho omusha baqhubeka ukunqoba yeSiberia. Unyaka nonyaka, okufakiwe kuze kube yonke indawo entsha. Uma umkhankaso yasekuqaleni awuzange esihlelwe ne ezibiyele futhi waba kunezinxushunxushu eyalandela isibe eyodwa ngaphezulu. Inkosi uqobo olawule ndaba. Njalo axoshwe uhambo enakho. Castle Yakhiwa Tyumen, owaba settlement yokuqala Russian kulezi zingxenye. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukunqoba kuhlelwe baqhubeka besebenzisa Cossack. Unyaka nonyaka, bahlula yonke indawo entsha. Emzini kuhlangene, urhulumende Russian. Kusukela enhloko-dolobha kwathunyelwa abantu abafundile ukwenza ibhizinisi.

Phakathi nekhulu le-17, kukhona wave asebenzayo yokuba ikoloni. Isekelwe emadolobheni nase madolobhaneni amaningi. Abalimi abavela kwamanye imiphetho Russia. Lesi sivumelwano buthola umfutho. Ngo 1733, ke ihlelwe edumile Northern Expedition. Ngaphezu ekunqotshweni futhi sihlose kutsi ucwaningo nokuthola mazwe amasha. Idatha etholwe emva ibisetshenziswa zokuma kwendawo ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ukuphela ngokujoyina eSiberia angabhekwa entry Uryahanskogo emaphethelweni Empire Russian.