Atkinson umjikelezo practice. Atkinson umjikelezo injini ngokuvumelana

Yangaphakathi omlilo injini esetshenziswa izimoto iminyaka eyikhulu. Ngokuvamile, isimiso wokusebenza kwabo akukho zinguquko ezinkulu kusukela ekuqaleni ukukhululwa. Kodwa njengoba lokhu injini has a lot of nemiphumela ethile engathandeki, onjiniyela bengayeki baziqambela innovations ngcono injini. Ake sibheke eyodwa, ebizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo Atkinson. Namuhla, ungezwa ukuthi isetshenziswa kwezinye izimoto. Kodwa kuyini, futhi njengoba injini kubangcono naye?

Atkinson umjikelezo

UNikolaus Otto, unjiniyela esuka eJalimane, ezihlongozwayo ngo-1876 umjikelezo ehlanganisa:

• yokwemukelwa;
• kokucindezelwa;
• unhlangothi;
• Ukukhululwa.

Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, umsunguli IsiZulu Dzheyms Atkinson athuthukile ke. Nokho, ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe, kungaba ngokuthi original kakhulu uhlobo umjikelezo Atkinson.

Yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini kukhona qualitatively ezahlukene. Phela, lo crankshaft is offset okunamathiselwe amaphuzu, okuvumela ukulahlekelwa amandla ngokusebenzisa ngomshikisho kuyehla, kanti isilinganiso kokucindezelwa luyanda.

Futhi, akuzi ngamanye isigaba ukusatshalaliswa igesi. On injini ezivamile le piston ivaliwe ngokushesha ngemva edlulisa iphuzu efile. Isikimu ezahlukene kuyinto Atkinson umjikelezo. Kube unhlangothi kakhulu isikhathi eside, kusukela valve uvala kuphela isigamu indlela idabule piston enkabeni phezulu efile (lapho kukhona khona kakade Otto kokucindezelwa).

Ngekucabanga kahle Otto Atkinson umjikelezo cishe eziyishumi amaphesenti. Nokho, it is hhayi wasebenzela kuwo isikhathi eside, ngokomthetho ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi uyakwazi ukusebenza imodi esebenzayo kuphela uma ngesivinini. Ngaphezu kwalokho okudingekayo supercharger mechanical, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi konke lokhu "Atkinson-Miller umjikelezo". Nokho, kubonakala sengathi izinzuzo ukuthuthukiswa babhekwa walahlekelwa kuye.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-izimoto ezifana umjikelezo Atkinson practice cishe ayisetshenziswa. Kodwa ngo onobuhle hybrid efana Toyota Prius, abakhiqizi baqala ukuyisebenzisa ngisho chungechunge. Lokhu kwenziwa sibonga kunokwenzeka kuya ukusebenza ethize zalezi zinhlobo izinjini: imoto ongaphakeme isivinini ehamba ngenxa traction kagesi ngesikhathi ukushesha futhi sekuqalile kuphela Petrol iyunithi.

isikhathi

Umsuka Atkinson umjikelezo injini waba besiyoba sikhulu ukusatshalaliswa igesi indlela, likhipha umsindo omkhulu. Kodwa lapho, sibonga kokutholakala American Charles Knight kunokuba senze ngendlela evamile valve steel ne drive ukusebenzisa spools ekhethekile ifomu yebhangqa imikhono zazo wahlela phakathi uMbhalo kanye piston, injini wacishe wama nokurhahlawula. Nokho, ubunkimbinkimbi design esetshenziswa okukhishwa ngempela eqolo, kodwa brand ohlonishwa kakhulu izimoto abashayeli Babekulungele ukukhokhela lokhu lula.

Noma kunjalo, kakade namathathu banesifo esibi lokhu ngcono siye wenqaba, ngoba izinjini saba sifushane, futhi ukusetshenziswa uphethiloli nowoyela likhulu kakhulu.

ukuthuthukiswa Engine kule ndawo namuhla eyaziwa - mhlawumbe onjiniyela uzokwazi balahle ngamaphutha imodeli by Charles Knight ukusizakala.

imodeli Universal lekusasa

Okwamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi kukhula kakade motors jikelele, okuzokwenza kuhlangene, namandla uphethiloli amayunithi, futhi traction esihle kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo izinjini udizili.

Kulesi sici, iqiniso nje ukuthi amayunithi likaphethiloli kokuba umjovo fuel oqondile, ifinyelele kokucindezelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu Inkomba oda amayunithi nantathu noma eziyishumi nane (e izinjini udizili, lelizinga kancane kuka nesikhombisa noma nesishiyagalolunye) uyakufakazela izinyathelo ngempumelelo kule siqondiso. Baze ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo amayunithi nge kokucindezelwa ukuthungela. Kuphela ingxube ukusebenza kufanele eyayenziwe luvutha ikhandlela.

Ngo onobuhle yokulinga kokucindezelwa sifinyelela ngisho nakulesi sikhathi ephakeme - kuze kufinyelele amayunithi nanhlanu noma elishumi elinamithandathu. Kodwa ngaphambi ngokuzenzakalela ukuthungela kuze ezingeni ifinyelela. Kodwa ikhandlela ikhubaziwe ezinyakazayo iyunifomu, okuvumela ukushintsha injini imodi efana injini diesel, futhi sisebenzisa amafutha kancane.

I amandla omlilo ulawulwa ngekhompyutha, okwenza izinguquko kuye yizimo zangaphandle.

I Onjiniyela zithi injini ukonga kakhulu. Nokho, i-ekukhiqizweni akuyona ucwaningo olwanele besiba.

I variable zlib isilinganiso

Inkomba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngemva amandla kahle futhi izindleko encike ngqo kwi ngezinga eliphezulu kokucindezelwa. Ngokwemvelo, akunakwenzeka ukwandisa unomphela. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esithile ukuthuthukiswa kumile. Kungenjalo kukhona ingozi detonation, okungase kuholele umonakalo injini.

Ikakhulukazi eqinile lokhu izinga kubonakala izinjini nge supercharging. Phela, basuke ukufuthelana kakhulu ngaphezulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho iphesenti Amathuba nokucupha le detonation kuyinto makhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-ratio kokucindezelwa kwesinye isikhathi kuqakathekile ukunciphisa, ngenxa okuyinto Yiqiniso, kanye liyancipha motor kahle.

Kahle kahle, isilinganiso kokucindezelwa kufanele ihluke ngokushelela njengoba umsebenzi imodi yokusebenza umthwalo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwaba eningi, kodwa esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuyabiza.

I edume Saab

Kuba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu kufezekiswe yinkampani ye-Saab, lapho ikhishwe ngo-2000, emihlanu-cylinder, elisemnyango 1.6 amalitha umthamo wanika mayelana amabili namashumi amabili nanhlanu amahhashi. Le mpumelelo namuhla kubonakala ekwenzekeni kwento engenakwenzeka.

Injini ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili lapho izingxenye axhunyiwe nomunye ngumuntu izindlela lomnyango. Kutholwe ngezansi crankshaft, yokuxhuma izinduku kanye pistons, futhi phezulu - ne isilinda amakhanda. idrayivu umfutholuketshezi uyakwazi ungatshekisa isiqeshana nge ikhanda uMbhalo bese ngokushintsha isilinganiso zlib lapho ukushayela we compressor. Naphezu ukusebenza yentuthuko nalo lihlehlisiwe ngenxa zibiza kakhulu ukwakhiwa.

Kulula futhi kufinyeleleke kakhudlwana

Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi injini eyehlayo on umjikelezo Atkinson, odlale indima ebalulekile endleleni ngcono indlela motor esikhathini esizayo. Kubonakala sengathi ngcono okusekelwe ngalolu daba, la yangaphakathi omlilo injini kuthanda, ekugcineni, ukuze mode kahle ukusebenza.