USemyon Proud - indodana ka Grand Prince Ivan Kalita. Biography emfushane, phakathi nokubusa

USemyon Proud kwaba eyizibulo Grand Prince eMoscow uVladimir Ivana Danilovicha Kality. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo kwaba yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni ukwanda kwe-dolobha kanye nokuqiniswa neziphathimandla Grand. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umbusi wangena ezingqubuzana Novgorod naseLithuania, okuyinto nzima ubudlelwane bayo nabanye ababusi appanage. Nokho, izazi-mlando eziningi ukuqaphela azenzile eningi ukuze afake abafowabo abancane kanye emazweni angomakhelwane.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Simon Proud wazalwa ngo 1317. Ososayensi phikisana usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwakhe, abanye babhekisela 7 Septhemba - idili ngosuku St Sozont. Kwathatha igama isikhulu at ukuphuca ukhakhayi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Ulwazi mayelana ebusheni bakhe wahlala elincane kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi unina kwaba inkosikazi yokuqala ku-internet Ivana Kality Princess Elena ezaziwayo. Ngu ubunjalo umbusi wesikhathi esizayo umkhankaso kwaba ngaphezu uyise, umalume wakhe, Yuri Danilovich, owayeneminyaka ngokugqamile, enesibindi futhi ngokuvamile babezifaka engozini. USemyon Uyaziqhenya ncamashi izinga efanayo futhi isidlaliso ezaziwayo. Futhi uma uyise wayengumGreki onezimfihlo ngobuqili, zinsizwa, bese umlandeli wakhe, engacabanganga ngisho kakhulu.

voknyazheniya

Ivan Danilovich, washona ngo-1340. Ngokwentando yakhe, washiya iningi owamazibulo inheritance. Kodwa ithegi kwesikhulu okudingekayo ukuze uthole ishothikhathi kuya zidlamlilo khan. Nokho, akubanga lula njengoba abanye ababusi abaningi principalities, wazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthola isitifiketi Suzdal umbusi Konstantin Vasilyevich. Iqiniso lokuthi Ivan Danilovich yanqoba amandla akhe principalities eziningi, wathenga umhlaba, ebayalela ngakuye boyars nabantu abavamile. Ngakho manje izikhulu eziningi bafuna ukuqeda uhulumeni eMoscow. Nokho, uSemyon Proud namanje got ilebula ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi uyise ngesikhathi esaphila owethulwa namadodana akhe Khan, sikwazile ukufeza indawo yakhe kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbusi omusha wayecebile futhi wanikeza Khan izipho ocebile ezibe nomthelela empumelelweni yayo.

Inkontileka nabazalwane

Ukuba ilebula phezu uVladimir ubukhulu, umbusi into yokuqala zinakekelwe ka junior ababusi subordinated amandla abo. USemyon Proud, ngesikhathi okubusa kwakhe - 1340-1353, ngesikhathi ekuqaleni voknyazheniya yakhe ishayisana ngokuvukela umbuso enhlokodolobha ezihlobene boyar amaqembu aphikisayo. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ungomunye wabafowabo kuye kwahlotshaniswa sale mpi eyathatha isikhathi kuyinkimbinkimbi yangaphakathi zezombusazwe. Ukuze ukunqanda lesi simo, isikhulu lwaphetha ngezithombe Andrei no-Ivan sivumelwano Ivanovich, okuyinto liyalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla ngesimo isici. It izinhlangothi eyisibambiso ukulondoloza ubuqotho futhi indivisibility impahla yabo futhi ukwenza ndawonye ngokumelene nezitha ezivamile. Amadodana Ivan Kalita ifakiwe, ngakho jikelele umugqa zezombusazwe zokuziphatha. Indlela yokuthi abazalwane abasebasha neyaziwayo ubukhulu umbusi omusha futhi wamnika abanye emnothweni kwesikhulu kuqashelwa isimo sakhe.

Ubudlelwano nomakhelwane wayo enyakatho

Moscow, Novgorod njalo kuyaphikisana. Eyokuqala wazama ukuqinisa kule ndawo kwesimo sabo, kwesibili - kunalokho, ukuze silondoloze usithonye eMbusweni omkhulu Northern Territory. Ivan Kalita phakathi nokubusa kwayo ngokuvamile yafuna imali idolobha ukuthi ngincome khan. Kukhona umbono wokuthi kungangcono ngingavuki ubuza izakhamuzi zalo ezingaphezu kuka-ke sivunyiwe ukuthi njalo zaholela ezingxabanweni. Prince amabutho eMoscow matasa eziningi ezindaweni kuncike republic. Ngoba impi oluzayo Prince yasayina isivumelwano nenkosi Lithuanian, eshada indodana yakhe indodakazi yakhe. USimeyoni eMoscow baqhubeka Inqubomgomo kayise. Nakuba yena wayengemuva zidlamlilo, Novgorod eyase uphinde uthole phansi alahlekile. Nokho, undunankulu laseMoscow wathatha Torzhok bafake nephini lakhe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, le ngxabano kwagqashuka futhi, kodwa ngosizo Metropolitan of Novgorod, isivumelwano yathinteka. Umbusi wayebhekwa njengenhloko komuzi, futhi eMoscow, Novgorod okwesikhathi ukubuyisana.

Qala izingxabano nge Lithuania

Lutho neze yokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bethu republic enyakatho, Simon wabhekana nenselele entsha, kulokhu - nowayenguNgqongqoshe sizana Western. Lithuanian Duke Algirdas wayekhathazeke kakhulu amandla okwandisa yenhloko-dolobha futhi selithathe izinyathelo ukuze acekele phansi ithonya lawo. Ekuqaleni, wayehlale lahlela umkhankaso Mozhaisk, kodwa akakwazanga ukuphumelela. Ngaye, lokhu kokuhluleka kokuqala kwaba yibhadi nakakhulu ukuthi imbangi yakhe luyanda ngemva kokuthatha Torzhok akhokhe intela kuye ngenani ruble 1,000 - isizumbulu ngokokuqala. Grand Duke uVladimir ukuze ufunde mayelana nezenzo umbusi Lithuanian, wakhetha ukungahlukanisi angabaze futhi Khan wathumela amanxusa akhononde ngokuthi ukuchithwa kweminyaka yabo emazweni Russian. Wema ohlangothini eMoscow Imbewu, Algirdas ukuthi lwalumenza nokuthula naye.

ashade okwesithathu

ukubaluleka okukhulu inqubomgomo eMoscow izikhulu kudlalwa ukugqashula izibopho zemikhaya. Ukuze aqinise isikhundla walo uSimon waganwa indodakazi ka umbusi Tver. igama lomkakhe kwakungu-Maria Alexandrovna. Wayengumngane umkakhe lwesithathu. Lo mshado ngesikhathi ebuyisana amaqembu amabili alwayo. Inkosazana wachitha iminyaka yakhe ebuntwaneni Pskov kusukela lokuthi uyise ngemva nokucindezela kwavukelwa emzini sicashe enyakatho. Ngemva lokubulala isikhulu Tver e ngesilinganiso Khan intombazane nomkhaya wakhe kwaba umfowabo inkantolo. Ngemva kokufa uSemyon wokugcina waba ibhidi umshana wakhe, owayengomunye ngosizo ilebula phezu Tver ubukhulu futhi kwaba ngaphansi kwethonya eMoscow. Ubumbano lwezinhlangano ezintsha kokuvalelwa ngomshado. Maria A. washada imbewu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, i-umbango phakathi kwemibuso ngesikhathi limiswe. Kulesi umshado Wayenamadodana amane, kamuva nawo ayebulawa yilolu bhubhane.

dynastic ezombusazwe

USemyon, efana nje uyise, enikelwe ukunakwa kakhulu imishado. Ngo-1350 wavumela isikhulu Lithuanian Olgerd ukushada udadewabo umkakhe ulyana. Ngakho, beyizitha babé Abasemzini noma abasekhweni ukuthi kungabuye kubhekwe njengendlela omkhulu inqubomgomo angaphandle impumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, washada indodakazi yakhe Prince Kashin, esaqinisa isikhundla salo futhi nethonya Tver ubukhulu. nokuzwelana okunjalo kamuva kunqunywa umgwaqo khandlu eMoscow-Tver impi engxenyeni ngekhulu le-14 yesibili.

Ukufa Testament

Ngo 1353 emazweni Russian wesifo. Weza maphakathi lizwe kusukela enyakatho ngokusebenzisa Pskov. Kusukela yilesi sifo esesabekayo wafa amadodana umbusi, futhi kamuva yena ngokwakhe. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, yena waba tonsured enegama Sozont. Isikhulu kushiya intando zefa, okuyinto wehlukile izincwadi zikayise futhi izinhlamvu abalandeli bakhe.

Lokhu kuzobeka, washiya ifa lakhe kumelwe nilinike lomkakhe, okwathi kamuva wayengakaze kwenzeka ngaphambi noma ngemva. Nokho, umyalo onjalo kungenxa nesimo esinzima emndenini. Njengoba imbewu babengenalo izindlalifa, akanalo okukhethayo. Nokho, kunobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi Grand Duchess ukuthi ukhulelwe, futhi testator okuhloswe ukuya isimo sakhe kwesikhulu kanye umhlaba. Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi umthombo nezinye izincwadi - kuba ngegunya umbusi ukuba aphile ngokuthula nokulalela oFata beSonto, kanye boyars. Ukhipha umyalo wokuba abafowabo ukuba benze intando yakhe, bekhumbula yesivumelwano sakhe nabo, futhi ufundisa boyars inkosazana. Ukuze idokhumenti ukuphrinta priveshen ezintathu, esinye sazo equkethe amagama "Grand Prince of All Russia." Zonke mlando banake yokuthi zokugcina njengoba yokuthi sibonisa umbusi isimangalo eMoscow ubukhosi phezu wonke amazwe Russian. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe waba umbusi alandelayo endala umzalwane Ivan, owayedume ngelika Red. Grand Duke ephinde wathatha iPrincess ingxenye eyinhloko ubukhulu of Holdings, kanjalo ukuqinisa isimo umbusi ophakeme. Lesi sinyathelo wayebuye kakhulu kwezepolitiki. Maria Alexandrovna ka Tver njengoba inkosazana, ungase ubeke itleyimu ingxenye yezwe ukuba ezimweni sokuba itholane phezulu njalo phakathi izikhungo ezimbili eziyinhloko Russia kwakuyingozi kakhulu ubunye patrimony Kalitovichey.

Inani ibhodi

iminyaka uSemyon Ivanovich wokubusa kwakuyinkathi oluqinisayo okwengeziwe futhi ukuvelela eMoscow. Waqhubeka Inqubomgomo kayise futhi baphumelela kuhanjiswa lababusi ezithile nge nomkhankaso wempi nemishado dynastic. Ubudlelwano kanye zidlamlilo kulesigaba bonke babengaphansi okufanayo: njengoyise, umbusi omusha wavakashela Khan izinga nokusebenzisa intela ocebile futhi ukufumbathisa bafinyelele imigomo yabo. Nokho, kuyinto uma Muscovy kwesokunxele ingakabi nayo indlalifa. Ngenhlanhla, sasinda abafowabo ababili, omunye wabo waba umbusi omusha ophelele. USemyon Proud, Biography emfushane okungukuthi kuncike ukubuyekeza, wakhumbula besikhathi sakhe kancane izinqubomgomo emaweni. Ababusi abaningi base-ethize ayenganelisekile naye njengoba ayifunayo nokuzithoba okuphelele egunyeni lakhe. Wayefanele kule phansi njengokungathi voknyazheniya Khan ngaphambilini bonke abantu balalele yena. Ababonise isithakazelo esikhulu kuleli isikhulu ezigcinwe isayensi zomlando wanamuhla. Ososayensi abaningi balalela ekulweni boyars enhloko-dolobha ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, kanye nobudlelwane eMoscow-Lithuanian.