Battle of Kulikovo: indzaba lemfisha. 1380, Dmitry Donskoy, zolotaya Orda Mamaia

Ekhulwini XIV ubukhulu Russian waphila ngaphansi kwejoka Golden zidlamlilo. Kwakungekho isikhungo esisodwa zezombusazwe, okungase kuholele umzabalazo wokulwa amaMongol. Lokho indima wawa kuya ubukhulu eMoscow. ababusi baso wakwazi ukunqoba umncintiswano Tver.

Ukuhlanganisa azungeze eMoscow

Lokho kwaholela eMoscow lokuqoqa intela Golden zidlamlilo. Ngo 1374, ngemva Mamai asekelwe iSikhulu Tver emzabalazweni esihlalweni sobukhosi uVladimir futhi Dmitry Donskoy wenqaba ukukhokha kuye igolide eqoqwe kusukela labantu. Esikhathini esizayo, ingxabano liphendulwe impi evulekile.

ibutho Russian baphanga Ephakathi iVolga AmaTatar. Ngo 1377 anqotshiwe phezu odakiwe emfuleni. amabutho laseMoscow uphendulile ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. On Vozha emfuleni yakwazi ukuwina Murza Begich. Nokho, lezi izimpi abangu kuphela ukubukeza impi oluzayo.

Ukuqoqa ibutho nokwakhiwa yayo

Ngo-August 1380, Dmitry Donskoy ihlelwe iqoqo wonke amaviyo Russian. Eholwa lakhe ibingamashumi Army nezinye principalities. Kwakumelwe ikakhulukazi Suzdal futhi SMOLENTSEV. Futhi kwafika ibutho elincane Tver, eyayiholwa indodana yomfowabo ka-Prince of IGdańsk. Kuze kube manje, kukhona mpikiswano, kwadingeka khona ukuze ujoyine Novgorod.

Ngandlela-thile, kodwa Don wakwazi ukuqoqa ngaphansi banner yayo amaqhawe ayizinkulungwane 70. Ibutho waba yizinqamu ezintathu. I ibutho elikhulu maphakathi eholwa Dmitry. Ngakwesokudla wema Yaroslavl eliholwa uVladimir Andreyevich - Serpukhov prince umzala Don. Kwesokunxele kwaholela Bryansk umbusi Gleb. Lapha kwafika buhlungu ezinamandla, lapho Battle of Kulikovo Field e 1380.

Endleleni eya ezweni amaMongol Muscovite ibutho wavakashela Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Umsunguli -zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu wayaziwa ezweni lonke. Yena babusisa amasosha babeka wanika Dmitri namaqhawe ezimbili, okwadingeka izindela kwaba ngaphambilini - Peresvet futhi Oslyablyu.

Umama ecabanga ukuthi ibutho Russian akazange alinge hamba Oka ume ukuzivikela, njengoba ayenzile izimpi odlule. Nokho, Dmitry wafuna hit wokuqala, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ukuvumela AmaTatar ukuxhuma nozakwabo. Lesi sinyathelo kwakuyingozi kakhulu - basala zonke izinqolobane nezisetshenziswa. Uma kwenzeka ukunqotshwa, ibutho babeyokufa ngokuphelele futhi ukubuyela ekhaya.

Nakuba amabutho Russian waya Don, wajoyina amasosha Lithuanian. Bakhandwa eholwa abantwana bakwa-Algirdas - Dmitry futhi Andrey. Ngaphansi amabhanela yawo kwakuyilawa izakhamuzi Pskov, Polotsk, nokunye. D. Ngemva ukufika ukusekelwa, kwanqunywa ukuthi uVladimir Andreyevich uzobe iphethwe ibutho ngesikhathi kuqothwa, Andrey Olgerdovich ozohola amasosha kuya kwesokudla Don.

Mamai yayilungiselela ukulwa nasesimweni esingesihle. Golden zidlamlilo baqhubeka impi yombango. Mamai ezisengozini Tokhtamysh ezingase sokuhlasela isitha ngqo ngenxa iVolga.

Inkambo impi

Lapho amabutho Russian ewela i-Don, zingabantu ngokuqondile bazishisa zonke amabhuloho. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze ukuze Mamaia ayikwazanga ukuthola abangani bakhe kusukela phakathi kwezinye izikhulu Lithuanian, futhi Ryazan. Septhemba 7 ibutho ekugcineni wathatha isikhundla sakhe, elinde isitha. UVladimir A. kanye Dmitriem Bobrokom-naseVolyn wathunyelwa Grove, lapho eshayiswa namabutho fresh okwamanje juqu. Lonke kusihlwa nobusuku kwezinhloko zamaviyo Don babuka futhi ihlolwe isimo sabo. Khona-ke amaTartar uzithela izinhloli wokuqala Russian.

Dmitry wayefuna ukuba ngqo iqhaza empini phakathi amasosha abavamile. Ngakho waguqula zempi nomunye kumngane wakhe. AmaTatar, engazi mayelana ingamanga, ngibulala umuntu bani bathatha kokwesikhulu.

Battle of Kulikovo, i-akhawunti emfushane lapho elikhona kwimithombo ehlukahlukene tetemibhalo, iqale ngo-8 Septhemba. Amabutho eyayihlangene ngaphambi emini, elinde isikhulu oda.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa nge ukulwa kanye Peresvet Chelubey waqala impi ye Kulikovo. Indaba emfushane, noma kunalokho asebenzisa lokhu isiqephu - futhi lokho kwenza umbono, ingasaphathwa umbhalo ogcwele emibhalweni yaminyaka! Kwakuyinkambiso lasendulo, lapho ezimbili iqhawe elinamandla kakhulu - eyodwa esizweni ngasinye amaqembu alwayo - alwa Tete-a-Tete. Bobabili nabagibeli abantu asebefile ngenxa yalesi amagalelo kwamakhophi.

Khona-ke zombili izimpi baphuthuma maqondana nomunye. Igalelo main yawela phezu isikhungo kanye flank kwesokunxele squad Russian. Ezinye amasosha lapha waqunywa wasuka mass main. Ukulwa waqala baleka Nepryadva, ngenxa obekukhona kuwo ingozi ikhefu labaqaphi elingemuva. Hot kwaba Battle of Kulikovo. amabutho Russian balahlekelwa sina, Kwakubukeka sengathi mayelana ukuhlula isitha ...

Ukuhlasela abaqamekeli ibutho

Ngalesi sikhathi ephakathi kwe-oki eseduze kwakukhona ingxabano phakathi uVladimir Serpukhov kanye Umkhuzi Bobrok isosha. Isikhulu wafuna ushaye at amaTatar cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuqala kwempi. Nokho, lo mbusi wakhuluma, futhi squad wayelinde isikhathi esifanelekayo, ngenkathi impi laqhubeka Kulikovo ensimini. Indaba emfushane mayelana ke, ngasendleleni, iqukethe umsebenzi wokubhala "Zadonshchina" sabhalwa ekupheleni kwekhulu xv.

Ekugcineni Tatar abakhwele amahhashi ayesesha esondela eduze kwaleli Nepryadva, nokujaha kokubaleka ibutho ngakwesokunxele. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi amasosha, ababekwa kuqamekelwa, yashaya isitha. Kula mabutho azange abe sekuyisikhathi sokuba siphumele ngesikhathi futhi ngokoqobo ukhukhulwe ngasemfuleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lasungula amayunithi zihlasela ngaphansi kobuholi Don.

Sonke lesi sikhathi Mamai balandela impi esekude, sizungezwe nethimba lakhe. Ngemva kokudedelwa squad abaqamekeli, waqaphela ukuthi balahlekelwa impi ye Kulikovo. Indaba emfushane lesisiqephu awakwazi ukuveza isimo ezazikhona enkundleni yempi. Nokumemeza, ememeza, ukubaleka ngokungahlelekile babaleka bethukile AmaTatar ...

impi Uphela

Ngababaleki ubambeke mayelana 50 miles away. Ilondolozwe kuphela eyodwa kweziyishumi amabutho esitha. Chase kwaholela uVladimir Serpukhov. Dmitry Donskoy walimala, kanye nosebenza nabo ayikwazanga ukuthola ke phakathi inqwaba yezidumbu. Ekugcineni Wafumanana birch owagawula. It akhishwe sehhashi, futhi isikhulu wakwazi ukukhasa ehlathini. Lapho efika yena, izinyembezi waqala ukuhalalisela abawinile.

Battle of Kulikovo e 1380 okwaqala ngonyaka ofanayo futhi yaphela. Abasinda waqala ukuqongelela abalimele. Izinqola Ezinombhobho welulela ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi. Lithuanian Prince Jagiello, ababengazange woza umama izimali, ukufunda mayelana ukunqoba isiRashiya, Ngahlehla ekhaya. Nokho, kwezinye izingxenye kwahamba yokweba abulale stragglers. Ryazan isikhulu akwenqaba umfelandawonye umama namaphoyisa futhi ulivumile leli "omncane" maqondana umbusi eMoscow.

Inani

Battle of Kulikovo, elaqala leli holidi ngonyaka Russia, okwaholela yokuthi eMoscow uye ekugcineni umise ngokwaso njengoba umholi wezombangazwe. Zolotaya Orda wangena uchungechunge zinhlekelele nezimpi zombango. Nokho, ngisho eyikhulu khans yayo sengathi zonke ukuthi zifune ukuqondiswa inkokhiso evela Russia. Ekugcineni ijoka uyekiswe ngaphansi Ivan III, e 1480, ngemva emi Ugra.

Lokhu isimo kuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe nezenzakalo ezingokomlando. Mayelana Battle of Kulikovo iculo legends awabhalwanga abantu. It sekuwuphawu yobukhulu lizwe. ERussia yesimanje, September 21 (September 8, Old Style) wayebhekwa Usuku Military eNkazimulweni.