Fyodor Ivanovich Shubin, umqophi: Biography, umsebenzi

Fedot Ivanovich Shubin - umbazi, owazalwa ngo May 1740 e emkhayeni ompofu. Uyise, u-Ivan Arkhangelsk Pomor Afanasyevitch egqoka elinye nje igama - isikhumba elingenamikhono. Wayengeyena serf, kwaba ithambo nokubhala futhi kahle ukusika. Kwakungenxa izifundo zakhe futhi sinezinto umbazi abadumile Fedot Shubin. Igama lakhe walishintsha kancane kamuva ngoba yokwemukela Academy of Arts.

kwenzeka kanjani

Fedot Shubin, indodana ongumlimi sika, umqophi wemifanekiso, cishe ukuphinda dlela Countryman lwakhe olukhulu University, kodwa ngaphandle kokuhamba kwezobuciko nesayensi, wafunda hhayi kuphela e-Russia, kodwa futhi eFrance Italy, ngekhono yingcweti lekubazeni zemabula. Phakathi Okugweda-portrait ngempela akalingani. Uyise kwakungekona nje kuphela ukuthi umnikazi abashisekayo - kwadingeka isikhathi futhi zokudoba, nokulima olimekayo, kodwa futhi wasebenza unina pearl bone, bevula izinto bezijabulisa ngempela futhi ezithakazelisayo.

Futhi uthisha wayengumuntu ngokusobala abanamakhono. Nguye wafundisa abasha Lomonosov kufundza nekubhala. Futhi umfundi wakhe omkhulu akakabakhohlwa umeluleki kuqala. Ngo 1759, u-Ivan Afanasievich isikhumba elingenamikhono wafa, indodana yakhe, abasha Ngokuzayo Fedot Shubin, umqophi wemifanekiso ngokuzalwa futhi ubizo, waya okufanayo izinhlanzi enqoleni Isitimela inhlokodolobha, eduze Countryman Lomonosov. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili, le nsizwa wafunda Petersburg, hhayi ubumpofu, ngoba kalula usike fan, isinemfu amabhokisi, Combs nezinye izinhlobo - kwajabula ladies. Adiliza imikhiqizo yayo kanye njalo uzimisele mubi kakhulu.

Academy

Lomonosov yajabulela kangcono indodana uthisha wakhe kuqala, futhi ngo-1761 fedotov langena Academy of Arts. Izinhlu abafundi lenzé ngaphansi igama elisha, futhi igama fedotov, le Fedor futhi ngoba umculi ngokuthobeka waphendula ukuba igama Fedot Shubin. UMbazi kuwo ekuqaleni kubonakala abanamakhono, nakho konke okunye kwaba azibalulekile kangako kuye. Ngisho Bala Shuvalov wamangala umsebenzi wokuqala insizwa naye ngokulangazela ukubukelwa. Lapho ekuqaleni wafunda umqophi Russian Shubin nezinto kwezilwandle ngokushesha. Yena njalo ahlonishwe udumo hhayi kuphela othisha, kodwa futhi imiklomelo.

Ngo-1766 yakhipha esiqoshiwe sase-ngale ndaba, asele eduze konke - "ukubulawa Askold futhi Dir," okuyinto hhayi kuphela waklonyeliswa Grand Gold Medal, kodwa futhi umbhali wathola ukuhlonipheka siqu futhi ngowokuqala isikhulu isikhundla - ". Isitifiketi enkembeni" Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi kuye kwasilethela hhayi kuphela ukuthi wagcwalisa Shubin umqophi wemifanekiso, abaningi imisebenzi yakhe, bezemfundo ikakhulukazi, nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada. izinkomba Ngakho abaningi nezincazelo uhlobo Izithombe amahle "Oreshnitsa nati", "Valdayka nge isondo" kanye nabanye, kodwa angeke sibone izintelezi yabo.

Paris

Ukuze ukuziphatha ngeqophelo eliphezulu, ukwethembeka kanye intuthuko enhle Fyodor Shubin waba umqophi, waba pooschron uhambo eParis ngo-1767 neqembu ezifana impesheni (Fellows) iya France ngaphansi eqeqeshwa we inxusa Russian Golitsyn, indoda ukukhanyiselwa futhi lesichubekako, umthandi futhi connoisseur kwezobuciko, ngaphandle - nomvikeli. Golitsyn bafaka futhi Fedor Ivanovich Shubin waba umqophi abavela eRussia, ne Diderot abadumile, eyayingumngane, futhi wacebisa othisha Jean-Baptiste Pigalle.

Kwakuwusuku isinqumo esihlakaniphile. Ngenxa Pigalle ukudala izingoma hhayi kuphela enhle basezinganekwaneni futhi ngendlela engokomfanekiso, okuyinto Shubin futhi umqophi usebenza oqondisa yakhe, kodwa futhi wadala a namaqiniso kakhulu portrait busts. Yilokho ngoba Shubin kwakuyinto entsha fresh futhi kamuva weza kuye udumo.

ukuqeqeshwa amakhono

Ukusebenza studio nge Pigalle, Fedot Afanasievich ukopishwe ngokucophelela futhi yesimanje ebaziwe French kanye eziqoshiwe Antique, futhi ezihlukahlukene sculpted esiqoshiwe sase-imidwebo ngu Poussin futhi uRaphael no ikakhulukazi eziningi isikhathi kwathatha ukusebenza nemvelo.

Cishe njalo ebusuku Fedor Shubin umqophi eqala umsebenzi wakhe e-ikilasi full-scale we Academy of Fine Arts e Paris, kodwa ngezikhathi elahlekile kusuka emhlabeni wonke futhi Royal Library isikhathi, futhi studio ka umbazi abadumile French. Ngezinye izikhathi wabhala izincwadi mayelana nakho kwabo, futhi amanye aze ngisho namuhla ungafunda, ngizibuza indodana Student intshiseko ongumlimi sika. Uyise, u-Ivan Shubin waba umqophi, kakhulu, cishe basazikhumbula wabheka phansi lokho odabulisa indodana yakhe. Indodana akufeza, okuningi. Futhi ngakho sekudlule iminyaka emithathu.

Italy

A ukuqeqeshwa iminyaka emithathu e-Paris yaphela, kodwa Fedot lena yindlela engasebenzi kahle akwanele, futhi ngakho wacela imvume evela Academy ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e Rome, zaphuma ukuyohlangabeza neziphathimandla. Bekusikhathi zendalo impumelelo. Fyodor Shubin, umqophi wemifanekiso, omisebenzi yakhe mangaza ngisho abaphila manje ngekhono lakhe futhi olunembile portrait ukudluliswa uhlamvu Sidalwe 1771, ekumeni of Shuvalov futhi Golitsyn.

Manje basuke Tretyakov Igalari. Okunye umsebenzi - the ngokudayisa of uCatherine zemabula Omkhulu ukuthi siye saba yimpumelelo yize ke ungenziwanga imvelo. Orlov bazalwane, Intandokazi Empress, masinyane ngaphambilini Shubin ekumeni kwabo, futhi ngokushesha kakhulu oda yabo iye zibulewe. UMbazi waqopha busts ngezwi lakhe ongaphakeme-key, okuyinto vele anqoba ukuthambekela enengqondo.

Ukuhamba

Nokho, Ngesinye isikhathi, ayihlali Shubin, ngo-1772 eqala uhambo olujabulisayo kuya abalimi abadumile Demidovs Italy. Ngo Bologna ngayeka futhi benza umsebenzi othile ngenxa omdala e-Europe Academy Shubin wenza academician yakhe zokuhlonipha wamnika diploma.

Summer umbazi Ukugibela eYurophu futhi 1773rd Demidov, kulokhu eLondon. Nokho Shubin kakade kakhulu unesizungu yeRussia, ngakwesokunxele kudala, abangani nabalandeli, ngakho ngokushesha ngemva kohambo emuva Petersburg.

ekhaya

Ngo 1775 Kwathi ukukhanyisa omunye wemisebenzi omangalisayo iningi umqophi Shubin. Lokhu ngokudayisa of Prince Golitsyn, Catherine ohlakaniphile abakhaliphile ezicukuthwaneni zifundiswa wokuziphilisa ocacile eyinkimbinkimbi, ehlakaniphile. Futhi namhlanje esingazicabangela lo msebenzi usimende ngesikhathi State Russian Museum, futhi zemabula - ku Tretyakov Igalari. Shubin kanjani omkhulu wabanika ukubukeka kancane ukhathele umuntu ukuguga ngomuzwa ezolile bokuphakama phezu kwabanye, kokubili ekhululekile futhi aphuma enhliziyweni!

emphethweni izingubo Jets kanye Ubonakala ezihambayo, Ukujikeleza ashukumisayo kangaka emahlombe futhi ikhanda ohlakaniphile. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi zemabula. Stone uma ukuphefumula siya aphume ithuluzi okuyinhloko. Falcone yena wakujabulela umsebenzi. Onyakeni owawandulele, ngo-September 1774 ngowokuqala, Academy of Arts waphoqeleka nokwephula umthetho-sisekelo wayo. Isihloko academician ayizange inikezwe ungumculi, uma umsebenzi sakhe singasuki awuthwala umthwalo zomlando noma basezinganekwaneni. Ngo Shubin isithombe sakhe ngokudayisa of uCatherine Omkhulu ngaleso sikhathi akwabakho uhlobo noma nezinye. Kodwa isihloko academician akuthola.

yoma

Lawa kwakungamadodana iminyaka elithelayo. It yadalwa ekumeni eziningi, nge Shubin wasebenza ngokushesha kakhulu: ngenyanga - a libanjwe. I umqophi usuthandwa kakhulu phakathi umphakathi okusezingeni eliphezulu omphakathi, ukuze okufanayo - intandokazi iNdlovukazi. Kusukela amakhasimende kwakungekho ukukhululwa. umqophi observation kwaba ezehlukile, kanye nokuqondisisa - ezijulile okucabangwayo - ongashi. Wakwazi isikhathi ngasinye ukuze uthole izisombululo ezintsha - hhayi kusukela izici zangaphandle, kodwa okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi, ubunjalo imodeli. Shubin umqophi neze okuphindaphindiwe ngemisebenzi yakhe.

Zonke umphakathi okusezingeni eliphezulu Petersburg kuleyo minyaka kungabonakala ekumeni. Lapha inkantolo lady Maria Panina. Yini umusa, yini ubuhle! Futhi lokho khukhumala yini ukuphathwa umkhuhlane! Futhi zingaki Command! Lapha Marshal - umkhuzi abadumile Rumyantsev. Hhayi kancane wanezelwa, naphezu zikhalele IRoma-drapeable. Futhi siyabona ukuthi siqine kanjani, indlela ebalulekile lo muntu. Futhi portrait lwekhanda bonke ososayensi VG Orlova umqophi indida hits indawo. He is onesihluku, le Shubin. Alikho Orlov ephethwe Academy of Sciences, uthi. Nonjalo! Akukhona ngisho inhlansana yokuthambekela abanobuphukuphuku, ke uyisiphukuphuku ngokuphelele futhi inkulumo abanobuso ubuso.

Okuningi mayelana nomsebenzi

Lokhu ngokudayisa okubonisa IS nezimboni Barishnikova ocebile. Isibukeli longayicondza hhayi ukwazi, angakwazi ukuqagela nge ukubukeka usomabhizinisi engongi futhi zobuqili. Kakade kulezi minyaka yokuqala, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba Wanderers, sikwazi ukukhuluma Motifs yezenhlalakahle mculi. A portrait likaNobhala State Zavadsky, ngokuphambene, libonisa yonke imizwelo bemvelo romantic, ngisho ukulolongwa nale kwemizwelo - okusheshayo, lisebenza. Okunabileko kuyinto "Portrait soMuntu", okuyinto, njengoba kubonakala, imicabango imfihlo kakhulu kanye nezifiso umculi wavula ongamazi. Ukwakheka sibuyela kwesijwayelekile, le ukumodeliswa ezithambile - konke ifaniswe ekujuleni zokucabanga.

A esikhulu kakhulu, singasho - omningi osekwenziwe Shubin e maphakathi nawo-seventies. Ekaterina Velikaya yamyala uchungechunge bas-imifanekiso, inani amahlanu nesishiyagalombili, ububanzi mayelana ayisikhombisa ngamasentimitha. Marble ekumeni ayehloselwe ukuze kwakhiwe ihholo Round e Chesma esigodlweni, kodwa manje bangibonile ingabonwa ku Armoury. Zifanekisela izikhulu wabusa umuntu eRussia - yonke into kusukela Rurik Elizabeth.

Eighties

Manje umqophi waphathiswa omningi namanje emikhulu futhi kube nzima nakakhulu isikhathi ngasinye. Nokho, wenza lolungenamaphutsa. Impumuzo nezithombe we Isigodlo Marble, le Mausoleum General Golitsyn zemabula ukubaza ngoba Alexander saseNevsky Monastery futhi zintathu Cathedral, kodwa omunye Pandora kusukela wendlale enkulu ePeterhof kuwufanele okuthile! Kodwa busts portrait akakushiyeli. Ngo Kuskovo, Sheremetyev patrimony, ungabona umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu Shubin, ngubani ukuboniswa umnikazi lwesigodlo.

Kunjengoba ezinhle isithombe Jikelele Michelson, kanye medallion nge profile of uCatherine Omkhulu futhi ngokudayisa wakhe sculptural (konke lilondolozwe Russian Museum). Ngaphandle imele statue iNdlovukazi "trendsetter" emsebenzini Shubin, lapho yena uchazwa ngokuthi Minerva. Abantu kanye nomphakathi eziphakeme emsebenzini e injabulo, kodwa iNdlovukazi akazanga yimuphi ukuphendula - ayikho imali, akukho umqophi kunyuswa ayitholakalanga. Futhi kusukela kulelo isithakazelo mzuzu lokusungula Shubin baba kakhulu ngokushesha fade.

Ukuphela indlela

iminyaka emashumi mathandathu anamihlanu ayephila emhlabeni elimangalisayo umqophi Shubin. Umlando Omfushane ke okuningi okufana incazelo ngendlela yokudala, yayiningi kangaka emsebenzini wakhe ekuphileni. Lapha e Bologna Shubin - UProfesa Emeritus, futhi Petersburg - nhlobo. Futhi lokho kusho into eyodwa kuphela: ulinde akekho ngaphandle awukwazi ukukhokhela imali oda lakho. Futhi oda ayisasebenzi futhi baphila isikhathi eside kunalokho. Painter futhi umqophi alinakuba abampofu, njengoba izimbongi futhi abaculi, ke ngeke bakwazi ukwakha. eqolo emabhulashi ekupenda, emidwebweni. Futhi njengoba egandaywe ngemabula! Yebo ayibhade ...

Shubin awakhulumele ngosizo Prince Potemkin ukuze Academy of Arts lendawo Uprofesa ekilasini ebaziwe. izincwadi ezimbili engaphenduliwe. Khona-ke lo umqophi sibhekiswe ngokuqondile iNdlovukazi. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, impendulo yatholakala futhi isikhundla Uprofesa kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphandle kokukhokha! A U Shubina umkhaya omkhulu, kumele iqukathe. Sebenza ukuthi akagcini, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbono uqala simphika.

nineties

Imisebenzi le minyaka ngisho ngobuciko kabanzi mayelana ithalenta umqophi sika. Wayengakaze bahlobise imvelo ngemisebenzi yakhe, futhi manje izithombe namaqiniso wadala ikakhulukazi ngokucacile ephawula umsebenzi wakhe. Lena portrait Admiral Chichagova - indlela suharom lidala ubukeka leli sosha! Lokhu sybarite ngokudayisa Potemkin - kubonisa ukuthi nabanomusa, kodwa ngokuzidla, abazidlayo, cishe disdainfully. Lena pedant, inhloko-Academy of Arts Betskoi ukhethwe Chulkov ... portrait of a kakhulu impela lapho ngalesi sikhathi.

umsebenzi wakamuva

uyazikhulumela isithombe Lomonosov, okuyinto inkumbulo Shubin ezidalwe 1792. Kuyo akukho igremu elilodwa izikhulu, ukubukisa labhubhisa, ilula futhi yeningi kokubili ifomu kanye nokwakheka, kanye portrait of ingqondo! Nokho, ngobuciko le minyaka kweqiniso benza portrait hhayi okhazimulayo Countryman futhi libanjwe yombusi futhi. Lena uPawulu mina - abazidlayo, akanamusa, unonya ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka. Shubin ukuthi bethukile ngisho ukuqonda kwakhe, kodwa uPawulu lo msebenzi kakhulu. Kodwa kuphela nje. Ngu-1797 isimo Shubin yaba nzima kakhulu. Wancenga sokuqeqesha futhi uPawulu, ngaleso sikhathi, ngemva konyaka, emuva Academy. Ngabuza impela kancane: efulethini breech nge amakhandlela nezinkuni, ngoba kwakungekho lutho ukuphila. Impendulo futhi kwathula.

Ngo 1801, indlu umqophi eshile eshabhu lakhe kanye nemisebenzi - siphelile yini noma cha. Nokho, akukho lapho lishayeka ukudalelwa ayikwazi ukwenza lolu shintsho umculi ngokwakhe. Omunye imisebenzi yakamuva kakhulu - ngokudayisa ka-Alexander Omkhulu. Indoda iyinhle, kodwa kubo bonke ubuhle futhi abandayo, qakala futhi. Lo msebenzi lilondolozwe Voronezh Regional Museum. Inkosi lokhu umqophi ngokudayisa pha indandatho yedayimane. Khona-ke enyakaza Academy - wanika efulethini namakhandlela. Ngo 1803 kakade kwaba. Ngokushesha, ngesinqumo somthetho koMbusi Shubin kanye uprofesa nge iholo kuyona. Kodwa sekwephuzile. Ngo-May 1805 kwaba hhayi umqophi emangalisayo. Ukufa kwakhe washaqeka lapho akekho yini yavusa. Manje ngoba sonke ukuze ukufa kabuhlungu zingamesabi umuntu futhi elimele namahloni.