Mogilev Umlando ezithombeni

Belarus itholakala empumalanga emzini Mogilev, okuyinto phakathi nekhulu-Athazeksesi, amangalelwe isihloko inhloko-dolobha isi-Byelorussian SSR. Nanamuhla idolobha linabantu abantu 380.000 Bole. Ayisebenzi, idolobha ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili egeleza emfuleni Dnepr lapha: Zadneprovskaya okuyingxenye kanye nezimpande. Umfula uhlala imikhumbi evela izinsuku 110 kuya 230 ngonyaka. Umlando Mogilev ezithombeni izokwethulwa ukunakwa kwakho kulesi sihloko.

Isisekelo edolobheni

umlando Mogilev kuhlehlela emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Imivubukulo iye yabonisa ukuthi endaweni idolobha lalakhiwe emhlabeni ekhulwini V, futhi kakade X leminyaka kwakukhona isiphetho lapha. Kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana isisekelo Mogilev. Ngokusho komunye wabo, idolobha yasungulwa by nabakhi abathengisi ngakule nqaba, elakhiwa ngo-1267 ngemiyalo yezikhulu Prince Lev Mogiya. Kwezokuvubukula kwale nganekwane engakaze luhlolwe njengoba izinsalela enqabeni atholakele awazange.

Enye legend ekutshela ukuthi umuzi owakhiwe ngomqondo omunye Orthodox noma okufanayo yasungulwa Polotsk isikhulu Lvom Vladimirovichem.

Indaba edume kunazo ukuvela Mogilev uthe yehlathi baphila isigebengu igenge eliholwa Ataman Masek, owayebizwa zihlukaniswa amandla angaphezu kwavamile. Boyar babamba inkunzi Masek, owayeneminyaka ngaleso sikhathi esinokuthula ongumlimi umakoti futhi wanquma okuziphindiselela, waya ehlathini. Ataman wabulawa ekhashelwa umakoti wakhe, abalimi bamngcwaba kwelinye loMfula Dnieper, phezu kwendunduma yenhlabathi ethuneni elachithwa, futhi endaweni yokungcwaba waziwa ngokuthi "Ithuna ka iNgonyama." Yingakho umuzi Kuvezwe lapha ngokuthi Mogilev.

Indaba mayelana Mogilev

Kusukela ekusungulweni edolobheni wakhonza njengephayona ukuzivikela inqaba-zokuhlala imisebenzi futhi, cishe, yabhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele Tatar agasele phakathi nekhulu XIII, njengoba kufakazelwa uyathola eziningi nemivubukulo.

Ngokokuqala ngqá njengoba Mogilev isiphetho okukhulunywa ekhulwini XIV ku "Uhlu emadolobheni isiRashiya, eziseduze nezikude." Ngaleso sikhathi, wayengelamadodana imisebenzi ekhethekile kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. Kakade ekhulwini XVI Mogilev iyingxenye ye Grand Duchy of Lithuania, ngaphezu kwalokho, sasibhekwa olwabo siqu Polish Queen Jadwiga, umka-Grand UMbusi Lithuania. iminyaka engu-200 kamuva, ngo-1503, idolobha wanikwa omunye indlovukazi Polish - Helena.

Ekhulwini XVI Mogilev waqala ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa futhi akhule kanye ukwethulwa laseMagdeburg umthetho, okwenza ukuthi kukhanga kangakanani kuwo uthi - omakhelwane Lithuania. Ngakho, phakathi nekhulu XVII umuzi uthathiwe ngaphandle kokulwa impi isiRashiya, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka elikhomba wabuyela Commonwealth. Umuzi yabhidlika kabana lapho phakathi ukungqubuzana Russian-Polish.

Iminyaka Engu-Russian-Swedish War of 1700-1721 futhi yabangela umonakalo omkhulu ukuze Mogilev, yena waba zonke pitted nge oluningi emiseleni izinqaba ifakwe. ukwahlukanisa Okokuqala ePoland ngo-1772 kwaholela nokudluliswa Mogilev eMbusweni Russian e 1777 yasungulwa sifundazwe Mogilev. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3, kulapha lapho umhlangano we-Russian Umbusikazi uCatherine II noMbusi uJosefa wase-Austria. Phakathi nempi Napoleon eduze Mogilev kwaba impi Russian elihamba amabutho lebutho French eliholwa uJenene Davout. Lo mcimbi sanikezelwa lesikhumbuzo ibekwe lapha.

Mogilev ekhulwini XX

Phakathi neminyaka yempi ka 1914-1917. ngokunembile elise Mogilev izinga uMbusi uNicholas II. Ngemva kwezenzakalo-February 1917 Commander izinga lapha Lahlala, uNovemba 1917.

Ngo-1938 Mogilev bekumele wenze inhloko-dolobha isi-Byelorussian SSR, ngakho-ke, kwenziwe i nokwakha kabusha asebenzayo yamadolobha sekwakhiwe ehhotela, cinema, multi-storey izakhiwo zokuhlala, kodwa, ngenxa wokukhushulwa Western Belarus Mogilev akazange abe inhloko-dolobha. Lapho elithuma okwesibili Mogilev ezihlongozwayo ukwenza inhlokodolobha ngemuva kokuphela kwempi ye 1941-1945., Njengoba Minsk labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele, kodwa akwenzekanga futhi.

Phakathi neMpi Omkhulu Patriotic ka Mogilev ke kwakuhlezi amaNazi ngo-July 1941 futhi wadedelwa kuphela Juni 1944. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umumo wawo kungathi izinkulungwame 100 somphakathi womuzi aseduze babulawa noma wadingiselwa eJalimane umsebenzi ophoqelelwe. On the indawo ngaphandle kwekamu ekamu lokuhlushwa nokuba sendleleni ngoba iziboshwa zempi kwase kunesiqiniseko.

City ngekhulu xxi

Ngekhulu xxi Mogilev iyisikhungo kwamasiko kanye nezomnotho we Mogilev esifundeni. Uneqhaza elikhulu emnothweni esifundeni BakaJehova benza uwoyela, umshini wokwakha futhi endaweni metal-ukusebenza, muzi nomkhiqizi enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu ka-polyester zesivikelo sesifuba. Mogilev futhi ingenye izikhungo zemfundo of Belarus, kukhona 7 amanyuvesi kanye 12 yesibili.

zokungcebeleka edolobheni

Mogilev phambi sihlaselwa amaJalimane ngo-1941, idolobha eqhosha ethi inani elikhulu ezikhangayo, kodwa cishe bonke of them kwabhujiswa. Umuzi walondoloza ezikhumbuzo Orthodox, njenge:

• St Nicholas esigodlweni;
• LamaRoma Katolika Cathedral of kweNyuka;
• Cathedral of the Three iziKhulu;
• Holy Cross Church;
• Holy Cross Cathedral.

Ngaphezu nezindawo zokukhulekela, e Mogilev kunamanye amaphuzu kwezinhloso zenzuzo, ngamunye ephethe zomlando eziligugu.

Inkazimulo isikwele

Ngesikhathi nomlando Polish Mogilev kusisondeza kuye njengoba umuzi ochumayo. Wayebhekwa emfuleni itheku elikhulu futhi nje endaweni yomphakathi ephakathi yaziwa ngokuthi yemakethe. Ngemva kokuthola iqiniso eyayiyingxenye yoMbuso isiRashiya, endaweni yase yaziwa ngokuthi uhulumeni, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo ukwenza abaklami Russian. ubudala bezitolo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo ezine ezifanayo ezakhiwa zisusiwe: endlini lo mbusi kungokufanayo umbusi, umkhandlu yesifundazwe kanye kwenkantolo, ibhodi wezokwelapha kanye archive (okwamanje wendawo nomlando Museum).

Kuze kube manje walondoloza kuphela isakhiwo sesine of the complex. Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi iSoviet, lokhu lapho babulawelwa sekukhomba ezishoshovu zezwe lase-phakathi nempi ye 1941-45. Ngo-2014, endaweni wathola igama samanje - Square Lodumo.

Hall (Moguilev)

Umlando usitshela ukuthi ukubuyiselwa City Hall neziphathimandla Belarusian ukwenza kuphela ngo-2007, nakuba kubekwa ongokomfanekiso esenzeka 90 zokuqala. kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Udaba sokwakha ihholo ledolobha ludabuka ezindaweni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVI, ngemva kokwamukela ukukhokhela laseMagdeburg umthetho. Lesi sakhiwo wokuqala ezenziwe ngokhuni ukuthi ngokuphindiwe zaholela emlilweni, ihholo ledolobha ziphele nya, yingakho indawo yayo sashintsha kaningi.

Stone Town Hall lakhiwa phakathi neminyaka 1679-1698, ophahleni lwalumbozwe ngokhethe, eduze kwaMuhle eyayibekwe nge imipheme ezimbili kuzo weathervane eyayibhalwe. Ukuphakama umbhoshongo nge Spire kwaba 46 amamitha. Phakathi nempi Russian-IsiSwidi of 1700-1721 kwaMuhle wabhujiswa khona, kodwa ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa kamuva lavuselelwa. Ngo 1780, ihholo ledolobha futhi wavakashela iNdlovukazi uCatherine Omkhulu.

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, eHholo Town yabhidlika kabana, waqaphela lesikhumbuzo kwalo ngokomlando olubaluleke Zonke-Union. Naphezu isinqumo seBhodi ku ukubuyiselwa ihholo ledolobha, hhayi umsebenzi uqalile, kwathi ngo-1957 konke iqhume. Wawuzoba seHholo LeDolobha lakhiwa kabusha futhi ngavula emphakathini ngo-2008.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yezindaba zemihla Mogilev itholakala e City Hall. Sikhungo amahholo esisogwini sesibili lesi sakhiwo. Ziyakwazi ziphephile X - ekuqaleni XX Emakhulwini eminyaka etha ezibalulekile izenzakalo zokuhlala. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yezindaba zemihla Mogilev elinde izivakashi ezivela 10 ekuseni kuya ku-18 ntambama. NgoMsombuluko - valiwe.

Buynichnoe ensimini

Lesi isikhumbuzo itholakala edolobhaneni Buinichi eduze Mogilev. Kukulo muzi lapho ehlobo lika-1942, emasontweni amabili okuqala eziphikelelayo elwa ibutho laseSoviet nabahlala German. Isakhiwo lavulwa ngo-1995 futhi ihlanganisa indawo amahektheli phezu 20. Siqukethe uhlelo lwaleli, okuyinto yezinyawo imitha-27 uxhuma yesonto. Izindonga Chapel zenziwa zemabula elikhanyayo, abhalwe amagama lamasosha abashokobezi ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngaphansi Chapel yiyona Crypt lapho kukhona khona izinsalela abangu zingcwatshwe amasosha awile, lelo ngisho nanamuhla abanengxenye yokusesha.

Polykovichskaya Krynica

Lo mthombo ngokuyisimangaliso is ngalé edolobheni, ke lavulwa maphakathi nekhulu XVI ezaziwayo. Amanzi aphuma Krynica kubutsela ezansi udonga, agelezela Dnieper. Ekhulwini XIX ngemiyalo yezikhulu Count of Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Paraskevi yesonto yakhiwa lapha. Kusukela leli phuzu ladles beza umthombo, futhi umthombo kukhulunywa ngalo njengoba ngokuyisimangaliso. Njalo ngonyaka ngo-January 19 kuya ku-umthombo edonsela abantu ngemuva amanzi obhapathizo ngokuyisimangaliso.

EMoscow Tula amayadi angu

Emgwaqweni Lenin e Mogilev kuyinto "isiqhingi" kweqiniso yenhloko-dolobha Russian - Inkantolo eMoscow, owasungulwa ngo-2006. In the isikhungo kuyinto ebaleni lokudlala izingane, wenza sicabangela ezibiyele e Moscow, eduze Arbat kuyinto ikhophi Wall Tsoi, amakhabethe nokunye ngomuthi zipendwe izigcawu on isihloko eMoscow.

Lapha, emigwaqweni Lenin, kungenye egcekeni - Tula. Maphakathi nalo flaunts umthombo omkhulu, samovar, lapha isayithi ku Tula Kremlin. Yonke egcekeni lihlotshiswe izithombe elingenamikhono izingalo Tula izigcawu nokuphila edolobheni.

Mogilev Drama Theatre

Umlando Mogilev ukuthi kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu XIX umuzi wawuyigolide yemidlalo, futhi zulazulani troupes yabonisa ezivulekile ngokusebenza kwabo. Futhi nge-yalolucwaningo 40. XIX leminyaka, iziphathimandla zedolobha baye bahlela ethiyetha esitezi isakhiwo sesibili emgwaqweni kunomoya. Wachitha khona isikhathi esifushane, futhi eminyakeni engu-20 ezayo ishintshile izakhiwo eziningana, ngakho iziphathimandla zedolobha khona umqondo ukwakha yaseshashalazini. Yaqalwa ngo-1888 ngemali eqoqwe kusukela iminikelo ka umuzi wabantu. Ubude wathatha ruble ezingaphezu kuka-50 eziyinkulungwane. Ngesikhathi eyinhloko yokungena ethiyetha yayisethafeni laseChekhov-isihloko ebaziwe - Lady abadumile nge Dog.

alelo washi lika

Maphakathi Mogilev elise alelo washi lika yangempela, ukubonisa isikhathi esiqondile. Nansi into ebaziwe Stargazer nezihlalo 12 - izimpawu zomgamu wezulu. Stargazer Sculpture egcina isibonakude ifakwe umshini wokudlala,-ugongolo kusihlwa ukuthi kungenziwa ewubona esemkhathini.