Alapayevsk abafel 'ukholo. Usuku sokudubula asebukhosini. Ukugcoba nokuhlunyeleliswa

Alapayevsk ukholo ngokuthi abantu abayisishiyagalombili (eziyisithupha Romanovs naseduze zabo ezimbili), amaBolshevik lobugebengu Kushone 18 Julayi 1918. Ingabe abazalwane, izikhulu imperial igazi Constantinovici (Johane UConstantine Igor), uVladimir Paley, Sergey Vladimirovich, udadewabo iNdlovukazi Elizaveta Feodorovna futhi kaNuni Varvara futhi umsizi omunye wezikhulu Feodor Remez. Bonke zaphucwa ukuphila kwabo ngakusasa ebusuku ngemuva kwesibhicongo asebukhosini Nicholas II.

Xhumanisa Romanovs ukuze Urals

Ngokushesha ngemva eza namandla, amaBolshevik ngaqala ngazihlukanisa umndeni wangaphambili wasebukhosini. Townsfolk Waziwa kakhulu isiphetho edabukisayo uNicholas II, unkosikazi wakhe kanye nezingane. Nokho, lihlale linemibhikisho ngisho nangemva amabili eRussia lezwakala eziningi umndeni Romanov futhi ngaphezu le nkosi asiyeke. Ekuqaleni kuka-1918, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange udidekile. Waqhubeka empini eJalimane, futhi amabutho aseJalimane besondela izihloko ezimbili. Kulesi simo sibonakala sethusa, abaholi kwamaBolshevik wanquma ngenkani abadingisiwe Romanovs zize kuleli zwe, ngakho abakwazanga zenze esiphikisayo revolution.

Ekupheleni kuka-March 1918 cishe wonke Alapayevsk ukholo bathunyelwa Vyatka. Yilezi izikhulu Constantine, uJohn no-Igor Konstantinovich uVladimir Pavlovich futhi Sergei Mikhailovich. Ngokushesha bonke babo bayiswa Ekaterinburg. Isiphetho izithunjwa ephethwe lendawo Ural amaBolshevik, owathola imiyalelo eqondile esuka uhulumeni eMoscow futhi Petrograd.

Ukuboshwa kwalo Grand Duchess

Ngo-May 1918, i-oda Yokuqala Sobukhosi Dzerzhinsky riflemen Latvian lamabutho futhi onogada ayebophe Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. Udadewabo Empress Alexandra wavalelwa ke based Marfo-Mariinsky Sezindela. Elizabeth Feodorovna wachitha yonke imali yabo ukudalwa Isigodlo emva 1905 amaphekula abulala umyeni wakhe - Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.

Ukuboshwa senzeke ngosuku lwesithathu Easter. Kwaphela isigamu sehora ngaphambi Latvian Riflemen sezindela wavakashelwa elisanda kuqokwa uTikhon. Kodwa akukho wazama uvikelekile ukukhululwa kwe Grand Duchess, kumnyama noma kubomvu, Elizabeth Feodorovna nomsizi wakhe Varvara Yakovleva wathumela eYekaterinburg. Kwakuwusuku ukuhlala zokugcina inkululeko ummeleli indlu yangaphambili yokubusa. Ukunqophisa le Romanovs esifundeni esise-Ural kwaba isinyathelo lohleliwe. Ubuholi kwamaBolshevik wafuna uyithumele endaweni eyodwa ukuze uma kudingekile-ke kulula bachithe isiphetho amalungu lwamakhosi.

Into Engakwenza Alapaevsk

Apreli 30 Ekaterinburg alethwe uNicholas II, unkosikazi wakhe kanye nenye yamadodakazi akhe, uMariya. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili efika emzini namanye amalungu omkhaya ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. AmaBolshevik wayemesaba kakhulu we Romanovs emzini futhi wanquma yawoyise kubo. May 20 Alapayevsk ukholo efika e Alapayevsk, ingamakhilomitha angu-146 ukusuka Ekaterinburg.

Ngo-1918 kwaba edolobheni 10000th nge iminyaka engu-200 yomlando. Lesi sivumelwano wayengomunye walaba izibulo we yokusansimbi Ural uPetru I. Alapaevsk kwaba ngisho kancane amadala eYekaterinburg. Ngaphezu kwakho konke wayezazi sha yensimbi ukufulela, ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi isitshalo wendawo. City waxhumana eYekaterinburg futhi Nizhniy Tagil ujantshi.

Telegram eMoscow

Ababethunjiwe afakwe esikoleni phezu emaphethelweni edolobha. Ekuqaleni, babejabulela inkululeko isihlobo - wayengahamba ibanga Alapaevsk, ukuya esontweni, luhambisane futhi ungakhathazeki mayelana nokuphepha kwabo. Romanovs ngokuvamile uthembela engadini, abahlukaniswe eduze esikoleni, lapho bathandile ukuphuza itiye. Bayithanda kakhulu inkolo, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fyodorovna ngathandaza kaninginingi.

Amadoda kwakungekaNkulunkulu ngesikhundla sakhe ukuphumula ezithile. Ikakhulukazi ungapheli amandla izikhulu abasha Constantinovici futhi uVladimir Paley. Alamu beat Sergei kuphela Mikhailovich. Ngaphambi kokuthumela e Alapaevsk, wathumela incwadi yocingo kuya abebengeneme Lenin futhi Sverdlov igama. Kumlayezo isikhulu esikhulu bakhalaza sezulu yakhe rheumatism nokhahlo, sicela kwisi Vyatka futhi Vologda. yocingo lwakhe ayizange inakwe.

Hlola Helena Petrovna

Izinyanga bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe Alapayevsk ukholo agcinwe kule isakhiwo esikoleni, eyayihlanganisa amagumbi amabili amancane futhi ezine ezinkulu. Bafaka ndawonye umhubhe ezivamile. Ngaphezu Romanovs, esikoleni zafakwa esemsebenzini abalindi phakathi iRed Army.

Igumbi Corner elalihlala John K. nomkakhe Helena Petrovna. Nguye okwakubhekwe ukuthi indodakazi yenkosi Serbian uPetru I. Njengoba Helena Petrovna wayengekho Romanova, amaBolshevik akazange asebenze ngokuzimisela ukuze kuboshwe wakhe. Unkosikazi ngokuzithandela baya ekudingisweni ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama kwalapho Alapayevsk nhlekelele, waya eMoscow ukuba abancengele ukukhululwa kwe-Romanovs.

Julayi 7 Helena Petrovna, waboshwa eYekaterinburg. Isiphetho komyeni wakhe, wayenomuzwa ayabiwa kuphela embassy-Serbian, iziyisikhombisa zamanxusa uxhumeke kwi-Soviet ingcindezi kuhulumeni. Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe Helena Petrovna psychoneurosis ukwazi wabuyela eMoscow. Ngokushesha wabuya futhi esephethe kwesokunxele Russia.

Kokuqina umbuso yeziboshwa

Ngobusuku buka-June 13, 1918, amaBolshevik wabulala uMichael, owakhonza Perm isixhumanisi. Ukubulawa laligcwele ngu inganekwane mayelana ezama ungumfowabo omncane uNicholas II sokubaleka. Ngokushesha senanele umcimbi Permian futhi efika Romanovs. Alapayevsk ukholo babe igadiwe nakakhulu. avelelwe yabo umbuso khona ukuze ezidlula obuqinile. Romanov ashaqa nazo zonke izimpahla zabo: izingubo zokugqoka, imali, igolide. Iziboshwa kwasala ingubo, amasethi nezilandiso kwezingubo zangaphansi nezicathulo. Ukuxhumana uhambe azungeze umuzi, zavalwa kakhulu ziyancipha izabelo.

Isimanga amasheke baye sekuyinsakavukela. Isikhundla Romanov lwamakhosi e Alapaevsk bahlakulele simo efanayo ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila Mikhail Alexandrovich futhi uNicholas II. Uma ngaphambi onogada baziphathe kahle ngokwanele, manje waba enemikhuba indawo. Kuze kube kuleli qophelo nezikhulu okukhulu kwakukhona lackeys zabo, Elizabeth Feodorovna ubephelezelwa nezindelakazi. Lokhu suite wayalelwa ukushiya Alapaevsk.

Sokudutshulwa umkhaya uNicholas II sika

Ukubulawa Mikhail Alexandrovich waba ngowokuqala uchungechunge zokubulala we Romanovs eyayihlelwe amaBolshevik. Ngokushesha ngemva kokufa Grand Duke lufika usuku kubulawa umndeni wasebukhosini. UNicholas II nomkhaya wakhe babematasa igcinwe endlini Ipatiev. Ngobusuku buka-July 17, 1918 I-Imperial umndeni wathunyelwa egumbini elingaphansi, lapho squad ngokudutshulwa esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi ke. Ngaphambi kwalokho, umlawuli Yakov Yurovsky wayefunde ukuthi isigwebo sokufa. Ngu izinkumbulo wahlukana yesehlakalo, uNikolai kuphela ephethwe ukuba abuze: "Yini?" Noma "A" Inkosi abazange baqonde ukuthi kwenzekani, futhi olandelayo Yurovsky yesibili wanikeza umyalo, futhi rasstrelschiki bavulela ngenhlamvu.

Romanov izingane babulawa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kukholakala ukuthi lona wamuva wafa Tsarevich Alexei. Abasebenzi Cheka sokuqiniseka enkulu ukuba aphishekele izisulu zabo ashaya yabo. Ngisho ngaphambi kokudubula endlini Ipatiev uphethe iloli ukulungele ngokukhethekile, lapho umzimba futhi ezithwele. Bangcwatshwa ngaphandle komuzi. Ngalobo busuku Alapayevsk ukholo babesaphila. Isinqumo mayelana isiphetho sabo, amaBolshevik wathatha ngosuku olulandelayo.

Murder emayini

Grand Dukes angazanga mayelana nokubulawa Mikhail Alexandrovich futhi umfowabo omdala. Usuku sokudubula asebukhosini e Alapaevsk kwaba, njengenjwayelo. Ngobusuku buka-July 18 kuya isakhiwo esikoleni, eyayinekheli Romanovs kufika abantu, kwathiwa isidingo esiphuthumayo ukuya endaweni ephephile ngenxa usongo emoyeni kugasela (impi yombango). Abesifazane benza konke sabuza wabo. Romanov izandla ebotshelwe ezazivalwe amehlo. Ukuze bedingisiwe uzilungiselele ezinqoleni ekhethekile. Ngo phakathi kwamadoda hhayi konke kwahamba zonakala. Duke Sergei Mikhailovich enqaba ukulalela. Wadutshulwa ngengalo emvimba ku ukuthutha. Bazalwane Constantinovici futhi uVladimir Paley ukumelana singanikezwanga.

I ezinqoleni ne Romanovs waphumela ngaphandle komuzi. Beka izitobhi yabo kwaba emayini ebulalayo Lower Selimskaja. iziboshwa ehlobene kwaholela ekwehleleni ku kwenye yalezi zimayini esishiywe dengwane. incazelo Eminye imicimbi washintsha. Ngokusho kwenye version, Romanovs wabulawa iphonswe ubuso eyingcuba. Ngakolunye, iziboshwa ngishaqekile ngembazo bese ngiqhutshwa kwalasha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi le mayini waphonsa amabhomu. Ngemva kwalokho, emgodini sekugcwele nge izingodo kanye embozwe umhlaba.

uphenyo Kolchak

Izimo kokufa Romanov (kanye emayini Alapaevsk, futhi endlini Ipatiev) zaziwa elimhlophe, setha kafushane amandla esifundeni esise-Ural ngesikhathi kulwiwa. Ngo-October 1918, amaBolshevik uhlulekile ukulawula eYekaterinburg. Phezu ukufa asebukhosini ababekwe amacala. Admiral Alexander Kolchak wathatha uphenyo belawulwa siqu.

Ngokushesha wakwazi ukuthola kubahlanganyeli ukubulala eduze Alapaevsk. Omunye wabo kwakungu-a kwamaBolshevik Vasily Ryabov owanikeza ubufakazi esibalulekile ukuze uphenyo. Pit bemba. Isimo izidumbu wabonisa ukuthi akubona bonke 'ukholo Alapaevsk okwami wafa ngokushesha. Ngakho, umzimba Vladimira Paleya wahlala awulutho kuNkulunkulu. Prince John K. ukuthi wabopha ingxenye wimple Elizabeth Feodorovna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emizini ezungezile isikhathi eside kwaba namahemuhemu ukuthi ngemva ukubhuqwa ku bashiya indawo mayini ingakwazi ukuzwa imisindo ephansi imithandazo.

Inganekwane ukuthumba yezikhulu

Ural amaBolshevik wanquma vala icala lakhe umjovo sokwaziswa okunganembile. Ngakusasa ngemva ulahlekile Duke Konstantin Romanov nabanye, wonke Alapaevsk kubika ukuthumba Abamhlophe ababedingisiwe. Le nguqulo olufanayo buvikelwe yocingo othunywe wendawo nekomidi e eYekaterinburg.

Ngesisekelo lolu lwazi yayisekelwe umyalezo Sverdlov, Uritsky futhi Zinoviev. Ngokushesha ngemva KwamaBolshevik wokwehlayo washayelwa umbono olusemthethweni ngalesi sigameko. Kwabikwa ukuthi Abamhlophe ungazange zazintshontshwe Romanovs kuphela, kodwa futhi wabulala omunye onogada. Ukuze dramatizations ezibukwayo mayelana esikoleni washiya isidumbu ongaziwa, kuze kube isikhathi esithile ubelaleleni emakhazeni. Emva "ukunyamalala" we Romanov iRed Army kuhlelo achazwe, bavula umlilo futhi ngawakhulisa alamu, simulating kuhlasela Abamhlophe. Ngemva kwenyanga iziphathimandla zaseSoviet kwenziwe uphenyo kwalesi siqephu, okuyinto Yiqiniso, kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya.

Isiphetho izinsalela

Ngo-June 1919 iRed Army umkhankaso esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo ku eYekaterinburg. Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia zanquma ukubathumela amabhokisi ezitholakala izinsalela Romanov alapayevskoy okwami ngasempumalanga. Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi kulwiwa lalahleka baze bashukumiseleka ukuba China. Amabhokisi wangcwatshwa ethempelini Beijing. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II ukuze amandla China wafika amaKhomanisi. Rector ngodonga uhlala ukuze emikhondweni yabo wawulahleke. amathempeli Chinese Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, msinyana ubhujiswe. Ngisho e enkathini yesimanje, ochwepheshe Russian ngokukhethekile wafika Beijing ukuthola izinsalela Romanovs, kodwa yonke imizamo yaphela ngo lutho.

Phakathi nokuphila Elizabeth Feodorovna yena wathi akafuni ukuba angcwatshwe eZweni Elingcwele. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1920, zesidumbu sakhe zafinyelela eqhamuka eBeijing ePalestina. Au Grand Duchess - Martyr kaNuni Varvara - wazuza ukuthula yokugcina eJerusalema.

nokunxusa

Ngo-1981 waze washona ngo emayini eduze Alapaevsk abangu abagcotshwa njengosanta yiSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia phesheya. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kukhona umbuzo mayelana nenqubo efanayo ezweni. Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia abagcotshwa Alapayevsk ukholo ababili kuphela (Elizavetu Fedorovnu futhi indela Varvara). I nokunxusa esenzeka ngo-1992, ngemva iSoviet Union iwa.

nokuvuselelwa

Kamuva iphuzu olusemthethweni umbono kweSoviet Union mayelana isiphetho Romanovs wabulawa ukuthi ukufa kwabo kwaba umphumela nangobudlova we Ural amaBolshevik futhi abasebenzi. Uhulumeni waseSoviet kulo ukhona, wenqaba recognize ukuthi ukubulala e Alapaevsk, Perm futhi eYekaterinburg izinyathelo zokwenza uchonywe kahulumeni. Ucwaningo lwamuva nokudalulwa imibhalo ukuthi inkulu kakhulu inkinga yaxazululeka Romanov ofaka Lenin futhi Sverdlov.

Prince Igor K. nabanye wabulala eduze Alapaevsk isikhathi eside ungazange avuselelwa. Inqubo ukubuya idumela yabo yaqala lapho ikhanda zeNdlu Romanov Maria Vladimirovna, sebefake isicelo eHhovisi Lomshushisi WaseRussia. Isinqumo esisemthethweni ku nokuvuselelwa esenziwa ejensi 8 Juni 2009. Umbiko we Umshushisi Jikelele kuqashelwe ukuthi Romanovs futhi Cheka yabo eseduze baba izisulu zobugebengu.