Comanche - amaNdiya asezindaweni ezingasogwini emathafeni American. Umlando nezithombe

Ubani ebuntwaneni akazange benaka ukufunda imisebenzi F. Cooper, Reid nabanye abalobi kabani amanoveli ezazigcwele adventures okuthakazelisayo, enezihlabani baba blednolitsye abanqobi we Wild West namaNdiya ukusingatha enkangala. и, получили известность, как наиболее яркие представители этого уникального этноса. Ezinye zazo - Comanche (amaNdiya), omlando wakhe uphezu 170 ubudala ihlobene umzabalazo obungapheli ngokumelene ngokuya kubo nempucuko, waziwa ngokuthi abamele okhazimulayo kakhulu leli qembu yobuhlanga esiyingqayizivele.

Kufika ka eziNtabeni ZaseRocky

Comanche - baseNdiya banomoya kwezakhamuzi zokuqala Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika. umsuka zabo bathatha kusukela iqembu oseningizimu Shoshone - izizwe abahlala kanye esempumalanga isimo samanje Wyoming. Ziqashwe ngesikhathi esisodwa phansi eside, namuhla ukuthi akuphi ikakhulukazi ensimini ka Oklahoma.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekhulwini XVII-XVIII, umphumela asebenzayo amazwe aseMelika eba amakoloni elandelwa abantu baseYurophu baba ukufuduka izizwe Comanche kusukela yasehlanzeni esempumalanga eziNtabeni ZaseRocky (manje engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-United States nase-Canada) ukuze osebeni North Platte River, ogeleza ngokusebenzisa izindawo banamuhla zithi Nebraska, Wyoming futhi Colorado.

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Comanche wafunda ukusebenzisa amahhashi ogibele, futhi ngokuyinhloko kwawenza kuya phezulu Izindawo. Ngokusho idatha ethile, isibalo izizwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX safinyelela 10-12 izinkulungwane. Man.

Abantu ilungela ukulwa

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, ososayensi babengakwazi eza ukuvumelana ngemvelaphi igama isizwe Comanche. Kule ndaba kukhona timvo letehlukene, kodwa ezivame kakhulu okuyinto ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lisuselwa izwi Uto--Aztec "Komantsev", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "izitha" noma, uma sikubeka ngokuqondile - "Lowo njalo ilungela ukulwa nami. "

Kufanele kuphawulwe nokho, ukuthi igama elithi ka Utah esiqokiwe ngokuvamile zonke omakhelwane bayo, nabo yayisempini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona lo Kiowa, Cheyenne, izizwe Arapaho kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga enkangala. Kodwa, ngokomlando, ukuthi abaphikisi babo main zazisekhona Comanche - amaNdiya, ukuze sandise ubunikazi bayo ngu ekuthatheni emasimini akwamanye amazwe.

Izinyoka, kukhasa ku umzila wakhe siqu

Nokho, Akumangalisi ukuthi eMbusweni omkhulu emathafeni aseningizimu, phakathi kwabanye zezakhamuzi zakhona, elivame ukubizwa Comanche "zinyoka." Omunye samanje abaholi babo - Quanah Parker, kuholele incazelo yalesi nganekwane wasendulo, okungazange ulandisa indlela olulodwa ezinsukwini ubudala abantu bakhe baya beyofuna ngezizathu entsha ukuzingela. Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba endleleni ukufuduka uvele bulala, okuyinto okufanele uhambe ngayo, kodwa amaNdiya amaningi atholakala kuwukuhlakanipha ukuba babuyele emuva ngoba kwakunenkolelo yokuthi akubona bonke bazokwazi uthumele imithwalo ukunyukela eside.

Ngezinye umkhandlu tribal ke umholi wabakhuza wobugwala nezinyoka christened, besihlehla emuva umzila wakhe. Ngo enye inguqulo kwamaNdiya ophoqelelwe ukuba ngibuyele emuva ngingahambi nezimpisi eziningi ezihlala labo izingxenye. Kunoma ikuphi, isiteketiso kwasala yathathwa izitha eziningi Comanche.

impi okungenakuqhathaniswa

Kukhona umbono ukuthi, phakathi kwezinye nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele ukuthi owakhiwe insimu kanye emathafeni aseningizimu, le Comanches abangophakimpi abaningi abanengxenye babeneminyaka ncamashi. Njengoba ukubukeka kwayo kula mazwe, babehlala gxabano njengoba Redskins nezinye iziboshwa kanye nalo abasafufusa njengabafokazi kamuva okhanyayo abami.

Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane Comanche wehlela emlandweni njengoba obonwa amasosha aseNingizimu Plains, isikhathi eside ethuke nhlobo izifiki wahlekisa ziyokwakha ezindaweni zazo. Ngokulinganiswa ngasekupheleni yingcweti ihhashi ogibele, basheshe safinyelela ku amakhono wakhe ongaphezu kovamile. Njengoba amaNdiya ngokushesha ziye zafunda ukusebenzisa wawa ezandleni zabo by izibhamu isiFulentshi, kuhloswe ngokunembile futhi ukulayisha kabusha ngesivinini engavamile.

Kusukela samasosha izinkumbulo

US Army isikhulu Richard Dodge, wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo Izimpi Indian Engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX wesibili, Umlando wakhe, wazibiza "iSparta yesimanje." umbhali ubhala amaNdiya Comanche, abakaze lacela umaluju, agcinwayo khona ingqondo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Kuyefana nasendleleni ngokugcweleyo, wathi, futhi abesifazane. On the Southern emaThafeni kwakungamadodana Redhead kuphela Comanche isizwe, wakwazi ukumelana ukunwetshwa bamakoloni imhlophe ilungele cishe 170 edlule.

Okulandelayo Richard Dodge ubhala ukuthi, wakhetha ukufa ukuze ekuthunjweni, Comanches ngokwabo khengikukarekele iziboshwa nakulabo alwa. Ukuxolela abangu kuphela esenzelwe abesifazane nezingane. Futhi uma umntwana namanje engu encane kakhulu ke walithumba antjintje iqhawe, futhi, ekhula utawutfola umndeni lomusha, waqala cabanga kuye njengalokho uyise. Isibalo lezi zithunjwa ezingenamandla nezingane esezikhulile kunqunywa isimo wesizwe futhi, kuphakamisa amasevisi kwakhe empini.

Ngokusho abaningi abaye okuxhunywana nabakhileyo Southern emaThafeni Redskins, Comanche - amaNdiya amaqhawe, hhayi ngaphandle ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ibhizinisi amakhono. Isibonelo salokhu kabanzi zenzeka horse-ukuhweba, ngaleso sikhathi iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha. Kuwufanele ikakhulukazi nekucaphela njengoba amaNdiya ngokwabo kahle yokuzalanisa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwabhalwa nezinye izizwe eziningi.

Abstainers Wild West

Esinye isici Comanche kuyinto ukulahlwa kwabo categorical ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. elingokomlando - kuphula umthetho we Ukwenqatshelwa akhiwa kubo kuze kube amacala abucayi kakhulu, kanti icala angaphansi isijeziso esiqinile, kuze ukuxoshwa. Abamele ezinye izizwe uzimisele ukuthenga ovela kubafowenu paleface "amanzi umlilo", bamane, sidelelekile. '

Kule ndaba, umbuzo TV Imibuzo owaziwa: "Uvela kumuphi ukugula amaNdiya Comanche wasebenzisa tincture umdolofiya?" Iphakamisa impendulo - a Hangover, akunandaba mqondo futhi iwela isigaba nezinganekwane. Teetotaler, njengoba wazi, a Hangover akuyona kusongelwa.

ezimele izizwe Five Comanche

Ngo oyiyo Comanche - amaNdiya, limelela ningesona isizwe esisodwa, kodwa sebuningini ehlukile, ezimele kusuka kwamanye ngamunye izizwe, ngamunye eyayihlanganisa imiphakathi eziningana. eminingi kakhulu imfundo tribal kuphela kwadingeka igama layo unomphela, okuvumela ngaleyo ndlela nabo ezigcinwe amakhasi omlando.

Ekupheleni ikoloni XVIII leminyaka waseSpain ingxenye enkulu New Mexico, evamile wabahlukanisa, ngokuhambisana ezindaweni abahlala ku amagatsha ezizimele ezintathu - eseningizimu, enyakatho nasenkabeni. Ngokuvamile, laba bacwaningi ukuhlonza izizwe ezinhlanu ezinkulu ezihlala endaweni South emaThafeni engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili futhi abahlanganyela kulo penatekov, kotsotekov, nokoni, yamparikov futhi kvahadi. Kuyoba ethakazelisa kakhulu, ukuba zihlale kubo ngamunye kulezi zizwe.

On the "uju idla"

Igama lokuqala ala maqembu - penateki - elihunyushwe kusuka ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko njengoba "uju zase zizoqala ukudla abantu." Namuhla kunzima ukusho, ezihleli predilections yabo ukudla, noma ifake phakathi ngokwayo isingathekiso senkondlo. Lesi sizwe ukuthi kwakuyizwi eziningi kakhulu phakathi kwabo bonke abanye, futhi kulo kuqala enenkolelo yokuthi abanikazi bamakoloni ezimhlophe ezaziwayo.

Indlela ukutshela ngokwabo penateki, esikhathini esithile ezikhathini zakuqala wawoyise, ezifudukayo yonkana expanses enkangala, waze eningizimu eye kusukela elahlekile uxhumene lonke Comanches. By the way, idumela lawo kuyinto ibala ongenakucimeka wokulingwa - ekhulwini XIX, naphezu ukuzimela zayo ezinkulu, amemezela ngentshiseko wasiza US Army ukuba ayokulwa omakhelwane babo.

Fans of zinyathi nomakhelwane babo elinezinkathazo

Okulandelayo ohlwini letinikwe lapha ngenhla kukhona konsoteki. Ngokungafani amnandi izinyo-penatekov, lawa kwakungamadodana "izidla inyathi", ngakho, okungenani, okuyigama lesizwe yabo elihunyushwe. Lezi Gourmet kangako. Ilondolozwe Kahle kuphela idatha nokuthi bahlala phakathi kwemifula eMfuleni Olubomvu nokubhujiswa Rio Pecos, futhi nenombolo yabo safinyelela 7-8 ayizinkulungwane. Man.

omakhelwane babo abaseduze kakhulu isizwe amaNdiya nokoni. Kuzilimi Uto-Aztecan kusho "labo abaphendukela '. Amalungu igama wezizwe ngempela walungisiswa, ngoba njalo ezulazulayo futhi, ngokuvumelana nakho konke labo abaye asebenzelana nabo kwahluka uhlamvu ukubuyisa kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, umbusi New Mexico, wabhala ukuthi ingabhekana, okungenzeka kakhulu endaweni ephakathi kwemifula Arkansas futhi Red River, nokuthi zingabantu egatsheni eyinhloko Comanche wendawo.

ezinye izizwe ezimbili ezihlobene

Mayelana isizwe yampariki (izidla Yampa River) Ungase futhi ukutshela kancane. Babehlala ogwini lomfula wathi, futhi wonke amaNdiya Comanche alesi sizwe kukhona militancy kakhulu eyaba isizathu izingxabano zabo njalo nabanye.

Futhi ekugcineni, owokugcina kulaba amaqembu - kvahadi. Lesi sihloko elihunyushwe ngokuthi "izinyamazane", futhi wanikwa ngephutha, kusukela isizwe zazulazula emathafeni inkulu, kuyinto engokwemvelo ozithandayo kwalezi zilwane.

Isithombe kwabomdabu baseNdiya isiko yesimanje ethandwa

Nge inkathi Wild amaNdiya West American abantu bakhona abazange bavela Amakhasi adventure amanoveli. izinhlamvu yawo iye yaba Apache njalo, Iroquois, magikane futhi, Yebo, Comanches. Indians - liphinde iqoqo izinhlamvu adventure amafilimu. Phakathi kwabo wama phandle futhi kwakuqala ukwanda eside uhlobo oluthile - entshonalanga ye, kuhlanganise izindaba, okuyizinto abahlanganyeli esisemqoka ye cowboy namaNdiya abakhileyo Prairies zasendle. edume kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe uthenge ama-movie mayelana Indians - "Comanche Moon," "Chingachgook - The Great Snake", "Igolide Mackenna sika" kanye nabanye abaningi.

Amabutho izikhathi ezidlule

isithombe Original Comanche amaNdiya, ibekwe isihloko, wenza ikakhulu ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, futhi lawa baseMelika Native nendawo yazo yemvelo. Namuhla inzalo abanikazi yangaphambili enkangala zingatholakala, njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ensimini ka -State of Oklahoma, lapho ezinza oqokiwe ngokukhethekile ngabo ku ukubhuka. Labo ababengakwazi noma kwakungeke ukuzivumelanisa nemibandela impucuko yesimanje, alondoloze yindlela yemphilo lendzala futhi wenze imali ezinhle ngokuba ingxenye imboni yezokuvakasha.