Umlando Poland - yiziphi izifundo asizange okufundile?

Manje - emva kweminyaka ambalwa - futhi kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo okungenani YaseRussia esidlule futhi Poland kuzothinta kakhulu ubuhlobo bethu. nomlando Polish is benamandla Polish-Russian izingxabano, izimpi, umehluko indlela yami yokucabanga. izigaba ezintathu e-Commonwealth neminyaka engu-123 ukugqilazwa.
Futhi umlando Poland buhlobene eduze umzabalazo ukuzimela.

Ngemuva kokuwa kwavukelwa anti-Russian ngoJanuwari 1862, kwafika inqubo obengeziwe Russification yamazwe basePoland ubunye uMbuso Poland. izikhungo Polish beqiniso lashabalala, kuncike ngenkani Petersburg abaphathi. Isinqumo 1865 njengenhlangano zokuphatha owethulwa isiRashiya, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ibhajethi ahlukene usumisiwe, kuhulumeni, futhi izwe sehlukaniswe izifundazwe 10. Ngo-1876, Russian-isitayela kabusha tinkhantolo temtsetfo kanye kwavala Polish Bank nangemva kweminyaka eyishumi. Ulimi olusemthethweni izikhungo kanye izinkantolo baba isiRashiya, futhi iningi izikhulu kwakubangelwa Russia. Ngakho-ke, umlando Poland futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba umlando ubugqila, futhi kulo mzabalazo silondoloze uphawu kazwelonke.

Ngemva kokufa umbusi uTheodore (uTheodore) Berg umbuso, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi "onqenqemeni Privislinsky", waqala ukuhola nababusi-jikelele, kanye namalungelo akhethekile emkhakheni wokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Poland asandanga kwekuhlela kabusha ovulekile olwenziwa ngaphansi koMbuso, konke ebanjwe simiso amaphoyisa isimo, emalungelo ekucwaninga umthetho karate (kusukela 1861)
ingakafundiseki isilinganiso. ISonto LamaKatolika, okuyinto wamelela lezi zihlubuki, kakhulu, bakhuthalela: zezindela ivaliwe, kwalabo abasinda, abangu impahla akhethiwe, ababhishobhi kuxhomeke ekolishi Petersburg (naphezu ukuphikisa uPapa), futhi wahlala ngaphansi oxhumana ukuvinjelwa ne-Vatican.

On indawo Polish kufakwe Empire, isimo nabasePoland kwaba babi. I nzima kakhulu labantu kwaba nokwenziwa enobudlova kwamasiko kanye nokucindezela ungubani yobuhlanga. Poland njengengxenye Russia njengoba bebandlululwa ukuzimela kazwelonke - iningi nabasePoland bathunyelwa insimu empumalanga, omunye ngaphansi isisindo izintela ezimba eqolo ayinakukuthenga umhlaba, ukusungula ibhizinisi. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kubange ukunganeliseki esicashile sabantu, okuyinto eyenzeke isikhathi ku imibhikisho evulekile. Uma, ngaphambi kokubusa kuka-Alexander umlando Okwesibili Polish usebhekene esasinzima isikhathi ekucwileni ezikweletini isimo Polish, uhulumeni zamuva sigxile ezindabeni nemasiko, kanye nelulwimi. Kaninginingi akha imisinga entsha ubuzwe, ngenxa okuyinto abaseRussia Russification umfutho emhlanganweni zonke izinyathelo. Kulezi zindawo ngaphesheya Bug River wafuna ukusula yiziphi izenzo Polishness - kokubili esikoleni ekuphathweni - ke ekugcineni wavimbela lesiPolish ayezosetshenziswa umphakathi. kwakungenakwenzeka ensimini zoMbuso, kodwa lapha kukhawulela ukuthuthukiswa isiko Polish futhi sakubona kukuhle Russia.

Phakathi nawo-60s kwekhulu le-19 isiRashiya saba ulimi lusetshenziswe ezikoleni zamabanga. Isikole samabanga aphansi ngo-1869 wabe esephenduka inyuvesi wasebukhosini. Ngo-1872, ngenxa izinguquko sikaNgqongqoshe weMfundo Dmitry UTolstoy iqedwe ngokuphelele ngokucacile lesikole Polish.

Russia nePoland. Umlando lala mazwe wake waba ukushayisana. Kuyinto nge Russian Poland asempini 1920. EPoland, kunenkolelo yokuthi olandelayo kwesigaba - umsebenzi kuleli zwe - wafika ngo-1939, lapho amasosha aseSoviet ngo-September 17 langena endaweni ka-Poland (khumbula ukuthi ku 1 amabutho Septhemba kaHitler alithatha izwe). Nokho, iziguli umlando Poland izindawo usamkhumbula. Futhi kuze sikwazi ngokukhululekile futhi ngokwethembeka ukuxoxa ngayo yonke eziyinkimbinkimbi vicissitudes zomlando, akunakwenzeka ukuba kube izingxoxo eziphusile. Phela, ekulweni Russification - yokuqala kusukela ngekhulu le-19, bese kwekubuswa lonke Russian phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet - usaphila ngesikhathi nabasePoland. Futhi nakuba lo mkhuba tekuhlangani Nokho Kuhlelwe, eminyakeni yamuva, ukuba ubungane beqiniso namanje kude.