Izindlela ukunyakazisa izilwane. Izinto for nesifundo

Kuwo wonke amakilasi kwezilwane - ephakeme futhi bakudala - izinhlobo eziningi ukusetshenziswa sihluke nomunye izindlela ukunyakaza (ngezinye izikhathi original kakhulu) yamanzi, ngaphansi kwamanzi, umoya ezindaweni. Izindlela Animal ukunyakaza kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi: kumiswa e inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, le khona noma ukungabi khona amathambo, kanye nezinye izici isakhi lwesimila olulodwa.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu

Ikhono ukuhambisa - omunye izakhiwo eziphilayo, yanoma yiluphi ekilasini noma bona bekutjho noma phakathi kwabangu ososayensi. Ngisho izitshalo baphathe traffic ngaphakathi emangqamuzaneni. Futhi izilwane, ngokungafani izitshalo, bavame ukunyakazisa umzimba wonke, ngaleyo ndlela uphishekela imigomo ehlukene: ukudla, imifanekiso, asivikele ezitheni. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhamba - lena ukuphila imvelo, ikakhulukazi, nezilwane zalo.

Izindlela ukunyakazisa izilwane. ngezigaba

Bonke ezihlukaniswe uhlobo ngemacembu eziningana ezinkulu.

1. Amoeboid. Igama livela egameni amoeba. Lokhu protozoan akuyona ngendlela ehlala njalo, wachithwa umzimba waso, yakhiwa kuseli eyodwa futhi unekhono njalo ukushintsha ukuma. Umzimba kwakhiwa neziqu eyinqaba ngokuthi pseudopods (pseudopods). Siyabonga kule divayisi kumane ikghono. Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, uqine ngokwanele, ungabona-ke njengoba senyuka ku amaqhubu kukufushane njengokuphila ku pads kanye imiqulu, ukuzivocavoca inqubo ukunyakaza.
2. Esisheshayo. Amanye alula (isibonelo, gregarines) hambisa ngendlela, kakhulu egqamisa ekupheleni isikhwehlela inkunzi, okuyinto baphokophelele isilwane phambili.
3. Kukhona futhi elula, okuyinto ukuntanta bayahlala e yimuphi medium (isb, amanzi). Futhi ziyini ngezindlela ukunyakaza kwezilwane owumphumela? Ziyahlukahluka ukwehluka enviable.
4. Ngosizo flagella futhi cilia. izindlela ezinjalo kubonisa nokuthi ukunyakaza isilwane nobuntu lenyama. Amadivayisi ekusebenziseni ukunyakaza ahlukahlukene: inamagquma, oscillating, ukujikeleza. Ngalezi ukunyakaza sesilwane ngokwayo, bese ihamba (isib euglena), okwenza trajectory Helical. Ngokusho ososayensi Norwegian, abanye flagellates ezihlala olwandle, kungaba rotated mayelana-eksisi ngesivinini: 10 linemibhikisho ngomzuzwana!
5. Ngosizo imisipha. Lezi izindlela ukunyakazisa izilwane ezivame ukuba kwezinhlobo eziningi sibe sinezinto imisipha isakhiwo noma umfanekiso wesilwanyana yayo. Ngosizo imisipha ezihambayo nazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, ukuze umuntu ahlala kulo.

ukuziphendukela kwemvelo

Lapho kwemvelo izilwane kusukela elula izakhiwo owumphumela futhi izinto eziphilayo ukuze ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ngaphezulu, nezinhlaka ezahlukene nemisebenzi ziye zashintsha futhi kanjani izilwane ukuhambisa. Phezu izigidi zeminyaka, sazivelela i ngamandla izinhlelo yokubukisa ezivumela zinhlobo ezahlukene ukuze bathole ukudla, abaleke ezweni lesitha, bazivikele futhi zizalane. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi abambalwa nezilwane eyaziwa baphathe ukuphila umzimba. Iningi uhamba ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ngosizo imisipha

Ezinamangqamuzana amaningi nezilwane nobuntu ukuqaliswa kwe-ukunyakaza ngosizo imisipha, okuyinto akhiwa izicubu ekhethekile okuthiwa kwemisipha. Lesi sakhiwo has isici ukwenza inkontileka. Ukunciphisa, imisipha enophephela iziyisikhombisa, okuyizinto nabavoti wesilwane amathambo. Futhi ivumela navigation.

Ubani ngalolo okuningi

Ngakho, ngosizo imisipha izakhiwo slugs futhi iminenke ukundiza nezinye izingcweti phezu evele. Nemisundu eminingi, usebenzisa cavernous imisipha ukunyakaza, ingqapheli bristles bomhlaba engalingani. Leeches asetshenziswa ukuncela izinkomishi kanye inyoka - isikhumba ishq. Izilwane eziningi, ukuphakamisa umzimba ngaphezu komhlabathi, ezihambayo ngosizo emikhawulweni, ngaleyo ndlela kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukungqubuzana. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kanye ijubane lokuya (isilwane ngokushesha emhlabeni - izingulule, okuyinto eba isivinini phezu 110 km). Ezinye izilwane baphuma ngamafasitela (ngisho namanzi). Ezinye izinhlelo emoyeni noma impukane. Ezinye dive noma ukubhukuda emanzini noma ezinzulwini. Kodwa nomaphi wasebenzisa izikhwepha kwemisipha.

izindlela UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki ukuhamba izilwane

• Amachibi Hydra ihamba ngosizo uhamba yokuqala kanye iyaphenduphenduka. It flexes umzimba futhi ihambe enamathiselwe ebusweni, bese kuqinisa ematheni. A Anemone ulwandle ezihambayo kancane kakhulu, ukunciphisa kanye eziphumulele imisipha ematheni uqobo.
• Cephalopods (squid, ingwane) bayakwazi ukunyakaza esisheshayo. Bona imunce uketshezi umgodi olukhethekile umzimba, uyiphonse ngamandla ngokusebenzisa uphondo emincane. Ngaleyo ndlela yokuhamba umzimba kolunye uhlangothi.
• Basilisk isibankwa isebenza ngokushesha phezu kwamanzi (2 amamitha ngomzuzwana). On the kwamanzi lwalumumethe air Bubbles ngaphansi izikali ngezidladla.
• Gecko egobhoza udonga mpo ingilazi ngesivinini 1 imitha ngomzuzwana ngaphandle kokuwa. Lokhu kungenxa ekhethekile ukuncela izinkomishi phezu imilenze isibankwa.
• IPharadesi ehlotshiswe izinyoka ezihlala e-Asia, fly ngokusebenzisa emoyeni kwesinye isihlahla siye kwesinye ngokusebenzisa aba komzimba, okuyinto iguqulwe ngaleso sikhathi libe uhlobo esosweni ezindizayo.

Imiphumela

izinhlobo ezahlukene iminyakazo evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke izilwane ezikhona kule planethi yethu. Inqubo ngokwaso wenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. Ngamunye eziphilayo ingashintshwa ukuze isici eqondile ke, izinhlobo ukunyakaza.

Lokhu kwaziswa kungasetshenziswa ukuze sifundo "Izindlela ukunyakazisa izilwane. 5 ekilasini. "