Kwezitho zomzimba: circuit. Anatomy: isakhiwo womuntu

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa kafushane mayelana imiqondo eyisisekelo ukwakheka komzimba womuntu. Ikakhulukazi, siyowuqonda nendima eyadlalwa izitho ezihlukahlukene zabantu, okuyinto ilungiselelo zizonikezwa ngokwehlukile.

Lolu lwazi kuyoba usizo abafundi, kanye nalabo abadinga ukuba sikhumbule izinto eziyisisekelo isakhiwo womuntu.

Umqondo "igunya" - "apharathasi" - "uhlelo"

Ngaphezu kwalokho kulesi sihloko thina sizohlaziya izici isakhiwo umzimba womuntu, okwamanje ukuthola apharathasi lomqondo. Ngomqondo onabile, ngoba ulwazi olujulile ulwazi eyalandela kuyoba okwanele ukuhlola imigomo emithathu.

Ngakho, umzimba - iqoqo ezihlukahlukene kwamangqamuzana nezicubu emzimbeni, okuyinto imisebenzi kahle ichazwe. Kusukela igama lesiGreki lasendulo elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ithuluzi".

Kusukela umbono wezokwelapha nasemkhakheni wezindlela biology, umzimba - iqoqo kwamangqamuzana nezicubu kuphela uma ubuhlobo babo embryological nokuba nesikhundla ezinzile ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Okulandelayo, siyobe sihlaziye imizimba yabantu, isikimu tando guided ukubekwa yabo emzimbeni.

Umqondo olandelayo, okuyinto ukukhuluma, ukuba "uhlelo zemizimba." Leli qembu ethize ekwakhekeni kahle kwezitho zethu zomzimba ukuthi unobuhlobo yokwakheka futhi embryological, kanye ezisebenza ehlangene.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda incazelo engokoqobo. Ngenxa yokuthi le nkulumo esilandelayo eqinisweni inguqulo ufushanisiwe ezandulele.

Ngakho, idivayisi - kuba neqembu elilodwa emizimbeni, elihlanganiswa umsebenzi olulodwa elisebenzisekayo. Ngokungafani imiqondo langaphambilini, kuyinto kuphela ukuthi ichaza ubuhlobo babo. Ubuhlobo yokwakheka embryo banayo.

Locomotor apharathasi

Qala ukufunda isakhiwo yokwakheka komzimba afaneleka kakhulu uhlelo zemisipha. Kulokhu, sibhekene ihlandla lesithathu, okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla ngawo.

Lapha sisebenzelana imiphumela wesayensi ezifana osteology, syndesmology futhi Myology.

Eqinisweni, lolu phiko kuhlanganisa lonke iqoqo amathambo, imisipha, amalunga, ezicutshini ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Ziyakwazi akabangeli nje kuphela olinganise umzimba futhi ezakheke, kodwa futhi isimo sobuso bakhe, ukunyakaza kanye yokuhamba.

Njengoba usulibonile, imizimba yabantu (esicashunwe ngenhla uhlelo) ukusebenzisa lolu apharathasi njengendlela ukwesekwa.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi

Okulandelayo, siyobe ukubhekana Sakhiwo sangekhatsi umzimba futhi ngokwengxenye zangaphandle. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi, njengakho uhlelo zemisipha, esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphila kwabantu ukwesekwa.

Linikeza kwegazi legazi ngokusebenzisa ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni nelifakayo, kanye eletha umoya-mpilo nezakhi emangqamuzaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyinto okukhipha ngokusebenzisa carbon dioxide kanye neminye imikhiqizo udoti kusuka amaseli omzimba wethu.

Uma ubuka eduze, emithanjeni capillary sisithandele zonke kwezitho zomzimba. Icebo esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi like ulwembu ka-capillary ezinkulu nezincane.

Umzimba omkhulu simiso inhliziyo, okufana esiphakade ezinyakazayo umshini, ngaphandle kokuma igazi amaphampu ngokusebenzisa izitsha. Isikhathi lokhu umzimba incike ezempilo yemvelo zomzimba.

Ukungondleki kahle, imvelo, izakhi zofuzo kanye ekucindezelekeni unomphela kuholele yokuthi izindonga isitsha abe izacile, futhi ngalo ingaphakathi langaphakathi slags yazibulala. Ngenxa yezinto lokhu kuziphatha, kukhona izifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, izinkinga zenhliziyo. Esikhathini esizayo, liyabulala.

Uhlelo lymph

isayensi Very interesting - anatomy. Isakhiwo womuntu kuvula amehlo akhe amaningi bokuphila, futhi nabo, futhi izinqubo ngokwengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lymph. Kuyinto efanayo kakhulu zenhliziyo. Kodwa, ngokungafani yokugcina, uhlelo lymph akuyona avaliwe futhi akukho umzimba nesiyingqayizivele njengenhliziyo.

It sakhiwa wegazi izitsha, ama-capillary, iziqu, Amapayipi kanye ISIZINDA. Lymph kuyinto ingcindezi yemvelo okuncane ihamba kancane ngokusebenzisa amashubhu eziyize. Nge lolu ketshezi, okukhiphayo waste ukuthi azikwazanga ngokufanele isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi.

Empeleni, ama-lymph - uhlelo amanzi sokuhoxiswa uketshezi ezicutshini zomzimba. Outflow kwenzeka ngemithambo. Ngakho, ekugcineni uvala wonke wesifunda plasma yegazi emzimbeni.

isimiso sezinzwa

Zonke ngaphawula ukuthi ukutadisha anatomy (isakhiwo womuntu, ukusebenza kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni), kulawulwa isimiso sezinzwa.

Siqukethe izigaba emaphakathi kanye neuropathy. Eyokuqala kukhona asebuchosheni nomgogodla, kanti eyesibili - imizwa, izimpande, plexus futhi ganglia kanye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa.

Lapha indima ebalulekile udlalwa by the system zemisipha. Ubuchopho itholakala ngalo ingaphakathi of Nogebhezi lwawo futhi umsele umgogodla ukwehla phansi ngaphakathi sokukhubazeka komgogodla.

Phakathi imisebenzi isimiso sezinzwa luhlukaniswe autonomic futhi ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Eyokuqala unesibopho ukudluliswa inkanuko phakathi kweminyango emaphakathi kanye izitho zangaphakathi. Nakuba yesibili uxhuma ubuchopho yezinzwa isikhumba futhi uhlelo zemisipha.

Okulandelayo sizoxoxa ohlelweni endocrine. Wona, kanye nawo kwemizwa ukunikeza ekukhulumisaneni Seamless nekulawulwa imisebenzi ngamunye simiso emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphuzu elibaluleke kuyinto ekhonweni lomzimba lokukwazi ukuphendula izinguquko nangaphakathi labo zibonakala ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo autonomic futhi ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo.

uhlelo oluphathelene nemizwa

Ngaphambili sishilo mayelana ikhono wenze umzimba womuntu wakwazi nokusabela ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle kanye nezinguquko. Iqhaza main udlalwa uhlelo inzwa nenkanuko edlulele yabo.

Kuhlanganisa izitho ezifana amehlo, izindlebe, isikhumba, ulimi, ekhaleni. Ngenxa imisebenzi abanomthwalo wawo wemfanelo yomzimba, singakwazi ngokujulile futhi ufunde mayelana nezwe licace.

Empeleni, kuba nomphumela nokuxhumana kwezinhlaka neuropathy ephakathi nendawo yendlela esakha isimiso sethu sezinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo, umfutho kwangaphandle kuthinta iso, ezinzwa umzimba ubona ushintsho futhi ithumela ishayela ebuchosheni. Lapho, ulwazi kusetshenzwe futhi eqhathaniswa amasignali etholwe evela kweminye imithombo.

Ngenxa yalokho lo msebenzi, sithola umbono walokho okwenzeka emhlabeni. Ngakho, isenzo zangaphandle kwenziwa ama-receptor elise phezu umzimba futhi yangaphakathi - izinzwa ebucayi, okuyinto ngalé kwezicubu. izifundo Human anatomy nje ngokwakheka kodwa futhi ukuxhumana kwezitho ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo.

I Imibono sezinzwa zinqunywa eziguquguqukayo ezifana umsindo, ukunambitheka, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukukhanya ukukhanya futhi ebukwayo. Usizo ukulungisa isimiso sezinzwa lihunyushwa ngokuthi "analyzers". Yonke le zokwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi phezu futhi ngaphakathi emzimbeni okuyinto uba inzwa.

Kuyinto ngenxa ucwaningo kule ndawo, uvele emkhakheni isayensi yezempilo, ekwazi ukulungisa silungise ukwephula emzimbeni wethu. Phela, ngaphandle Ukuqhathanisa emizweni yethu sasizokufa izinhlangano nje ehlukile ngaphandle yalelozwe ezivamile.

uhlelo endocrine

Bekanye isimiso sezinzwa, ke uba ukulawulwa yangaphakathi kanye nomuzwa imvelo imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo endocrine unesibopho homeostasis, ukusabela ngokomzwelo, umsebenzi ngokwengqondo, kanye nokukhulisa umnotho, ukuthuthukisa, kanye nokuvuthwa ngokocansi i umzimba.

Uma ubheka isakhiwo zomzimba womuntu, ungabona kuphela yesimiso. Izidumbu eziyinhloko nezindlala ezilandelayo: yegilo, amanyikwe, adrenals, amasende (amaqanda), pituitary indlala, indlala pineal kanye thymus.

Njengoba sezinzwa, endocrine ihlukaniswe izinhlelo ezimbili. Eyokuqala libizwa yezindlala siqukethe nezindlala eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima ukukhiqiza ama-hormone kwalezi. Okwesibili - ngokukhukhumala kwentamo - chithi saka emzimbeni. Kubonakala sengathi amanye amaseli endocrine ezikhiqiza hormone aglandulyarnye.

uhlelo zokuzala

Esigabeni sethu esilandelayo kuzofuneka ukuthi kuzoxoxwa eceleni izinhlelo iduna nensikazi zokuzala. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo uhlelo zokuzala unesibopho umsebenzi eyodwa kuphela - yokuzalana kwabantu. Phakathi sexual ebamba isisu kungenzeka umbungu, bese uguqulwa abe ingane.

Owesilisa uhlelo zokuzala itholakala endaweni okhalo futhi etholakala ngokuphelele ngaphandle komzimba. Lihlanganisa umthondo futhi amasende. Le ndlala futhi imisipha izicubu. anatomy besintu ngokwesisekelo sabo umehluko kuphela izinhlelo obhekene insemination, sokukhulelwa azale inzalo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko uhlelo wesilisa - ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda futhi androgens.

Female uhlelo zokuzala kuhlukile zabesilisa. It has zombili izitho zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa labia ezinkulu kanye nezincane, webele kubo, kanye umnyango sangasese kanye clitoris. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama - amaqanda, amashubhu fallopian, kwesibeletho futhi sangasese.

Kodwa owesifazane uhlelo zokuzala ihlukaniswe. Uma owesilisa kuphela ukhalo, abesifazane babe webele, kanye noMnyango wakhe. nezindlala mammary bafeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ukunceliswa kwabantwana.

Uhlelo urinary

Ekuqaleni lesi sihloko sasisihle isikimu jikelele we nokwakheka kwezitho womuntu. Uma ubuka eduze, uzophawula ukuthi iningi izibilini etholakala ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. Manje sizoxoxa uhlelo urinary, okuyinto ngokuphelele lisendaweni okhalo.

Ngakho, kanye zokuzala uhlelo, urinary ezahlukene kubantu besilisa nakubantu besifazane. Ngeke ukuphinda nokwakheka kwezitho kakhulu, thinta kuphela labo abatholakala ukuthi bayathinteka ukuthi ngokukhethekile kohlaka ukusebenza kwalesi simiso.

Eqondayo eziyisisekelo iyadingeka ukugcina kanye outputting zezakhi alien futhi anobuthi, imikhiqizo kanye ngokweqile nitrogen umzimba izinto ezihlukahlukene umchamo. Lolu hlelo kuhlanganisa pair of izinso, ureters, urethra futhi avikele ulwelwesi lwesinye.

Ngaphandle imisebenzi engenhla, it has esingokwemvelo iqhaza umzimba amaprotheni kanye carbohydrate, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma compounds ezihlukahlukene eziphila abakhuthele, kanye ukulungiswa kwe-balance amanzi-usawoti, futhi ngenxa yalokho, nokugcinwa kokuthula homeostasis.

uhlelo alimentary

Uma sibukisise isakhiwo izibilini, ngaphandle ohlelweni, uzophawula ukuthi leso sikhathi ishubhu elilodwa. Ngokuhamba kwemvelo engimbumbile iminyango ehlukahlukene obhekene esigabeni ukugaya.

Ngakho, lesi simiso sihlanganisa pheshana emathunjini ne kwemitimba yabohulumende osizayo. It siqukethe le ngomlomo ingaphakathi, emphinjeni, esiswini, amathumbu amancane ikholoni. imisebenzi asizayo ezenziwa isibindi, amanyikwe kanye salivary ndlala nenyongo sesinye kanye nezinye izitho.

Umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla, njengoba leli gama lisikisela, kuyinto kukhishwe izakhi kanye ukulethwa ukudla amangqamuzana omzimba. Inqubo unezigaba eziningana: machining ukudla, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, ukumuncwa, cleavage nokususwa kukadoti.

umgudu wokuphefumula

Kuhlelo lokuphefumula, isakhiwo izibilini Kuthi efana owedlule eyodwa, wokugaya ukudla. Kukhona tube ukuphefumula, okuyinto, efana emphinjeni, le mucosa ngaphakathi embozwe nezindlala kakhulu futhi imithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yaleli lungiselelo, emoyeni engena kusuka ngaphandle, okuhlukeneko lokushisa elikhulu umzimba.

Ebusika, umoya ezibandayo sekuqala ukufudumala, ihlobo - selehlile ngezinqubo ezithile kulesi simiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya futhi is bahlanza ezihlukahlukene ukungcola ukuthi ngesikhathi ephefumula kukhona emkhathini.

Uhlelo zokuphefumula siqukethe amabili izigaba - yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa ingaphakathi nasopharynx futhi acinene, kwesibili - amalaka, kuqhoqhoqho kanye bronchi.

uhlelo esinemthombo

Isakhiwo zomzimba womuntu ngokwemvelo kucatshangwa ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho, uhlelo integumentary unesibopho ukuvikela umzimba kusuka lokushisa umehluko, umonakalo, omiswe, Ukungena ubuthi Amagciwane.

Uhlelo siqukethe isikhumba (epithelium futhi dermis) nemikhiqizo: sezinwele, izinzipho, umjuluko, izindlala sebaceous.

izivikeli mzimba

Uma uhlelo odlule ivikela umzimba kusuka ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle, lokhu kuvikela kusukela ubudlova nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Nature idale ephelele ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba. izitho zangaphakathi, ekwenzeni imisebenzi kudingekile ekuphileni, ivikelwe imigqa eziningana ukuzivikela.

Ngaphandle, sakhuluma ngaphambili, ingaphakathi - kuba isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu ukuvikela umzimba ekulweni Amagciwane kanye izimila. Lolu hlelo kuhlanganisa thymus, lymphoid, izindlala zamanzi kanye ubende.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sizobe kafushane wathinta phezu Ukuklanywa komzimba, kanye isikhala ejensi izindawo e ezahlukene womuntu zomzimba.