Zokushisela amapayipi: Ubuchwepheshe

Kuhlomisa indlu noma ukwenza elungisa ekhaya, ungakwazi abeke uhlelo iphayiphi ngokwakho. Uma kuziwa ukuxhumana steel, ungasebenzisa Welding kagesi. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukuthola kwakwakhe okuqinile okuyinto etholakala ngenxa ukugeleza izinqubo thermochemical, lapho electrode kukhona esetshenziswa-babashayeli.

Kungakhathaliseki umsebenzi Welding, zidinga inkosi isipiliyoni kanye nolwazi, ezisetshenziswa inqubo. Uma nje kuphela ukufunda, kungenzeka ukuqala ngijwayele ohlangothini ezincwadini umbuzo. Ngokuqondene steel, i-polypropylene ipayipi futhi kudinga imishini esihambisanayo Welding. Nokho, umkhuba libonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bamuva kuba lula kunaleyo iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo esihlokweni.

Ukulungiselela ukusebenza

Welding iphayiphi iqala nge nokulungiselela surface. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sesomile futhi abushelelezi. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo udinga ukukhetha umthombo wamandla. Kule incike kakhulu izinga lokufundisa. Kungenzeka inverters compact noma transformers esindayo. Ngosizo lwabo, voltage okusezingeni eliphezulu zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela wesifunda yesibili aphansi.

Ukuze umsebenzi wesikole wasekhaya, kuyadingeka yayiyobizwa Welding. Ukusebenza kwe-transformer ingaphezu elula. It has izinzuzo obonakaliswe nokwethenjelwa wokusebenza nokukhuthazela. Imishini inverter has a usayizi kancane umxhwele futhi likuvumela izinguquko ezihlukahlukene.

izinhlobonhlobo welds

Lapho Welding ipayipi izinhlelo lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo compounds asetshenziswa namuhla:

• Butt;
• kuyendlulela;
• ekhoneni uxhumano;
• T-ngokuhlanganyela.

Lapho lesi sikhundla weld kungenzeka mpo noma okuvundlile kanye ophahleni noma ezansi. Isikhundla nenzuzo kakhulu ubhekwa ephansi, ngakho kungenzeka kabusha Welding kubalulekile makudle le ndlela. Welding amapayipi ukubeka ukuxhumana ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela Butt. Emaphethelweni ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile lonke ukushuba. Ukuze amapayipi thick-ngabafaka ukusebenzisa ezivuzayo double - zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ukuze kuncishiswe nokuwohloka we metal kusuka ngaphakathi uma electrode ukusebenza aqulwa i-engela 45 ° kuya indiza ovundlile.

Yini enye kubalulekile ukukhumbula lapho ulungiselela

Ngaphambi ekuqaleni Welding manual kuyadingeka ukuze afeze ukuqeqeshwa. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo ze-amapayipi. Imikhiqizo kufanele ulingane, akumele zikhubazekile, kufanele kube mahhala kusuka zamehlo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukwenzelela umehluko odongeni ukujiya.

Material amashubhu kufanele luhambisane ukubunjwa amakhemikhali. Emaphethelweni kufanele kube mahhala ebhuqwini ukugqwala. Ubuso ekupheleni kukalwa njengoba engela emaphethelweni ukudalulwa, kanye ukubaluleka blunting. Ngokusho amazinga, ukubaluleka imizwa kungenzeka elilingana kumkhawulo 2 kuya ku-2.5 mm. Ngokuphathelene engela wotho, kungase 70 °. Uma ezikhonjwe lokungalandeli umthetho, kubalulekile ukuba afeze machining of emaphethelweni.

Ukufaka tack

Welding inqubo amapayipi okumelwe athwale ukufakwa tack. Ziyakwazi ingxenye ingxenye joint, futhi ukwenza electrode ozofakwa lapho suture. Uma kuba ipayipi kabani ubukhulu ingeqi 300 mm, tack wenziwa 4, kufanele ngokulinganayo basakaza phezu selilonke esiphezulu.

Lapho ukusebenza ububanzi ipayipi umxhwele ngaphezu kwalokho, tack ahlelwe nge pitch 250 mm. Kunconywe tack obuphelele 50 mm, kanti ububanzi 4 mm.

Izici Electric

Zokushisela amapayipi kumele kwenziwe ku algorithm ethile. Kubalulekile unake okukhethekile emalungeni yokunyathelisa. Uma une ukupheka ezimweni ezinzima, kufanele siqhubeke isandla isibuko esincane. Uma kudingekile, ekupheleni electrode agobe ngokwenza umsebenzi njengoba yayinjalo ingxenye.

Isimo esijwayelekile ashiselwe i-engela 30 ° ebusweni umkhiqizo. weld imbondela wabe eseya lapho circumferentially. Kungaba isendlalelo esisodwa ngesikhathi emalungeni ongaphakeme-ingxubevange imikhiqizo steel. amandla engeziwe bungatholakala ngokwenza umphetho yesibili. I umxhwele nakakhulu ngabe ipayipi odongeni, abafundi abaphumelela ngokwengeziwe ukuba kwenziwe, kufanele babe abangane 2 noma ngaphezulu.

Ngu ukupheka ububanzi kufanele amapayipi ubukhulu esikhulu. uxhumano wabo wenziwa umphetho nengxenye. Ngemva kwalokho, izingxenye kusulwe slag futhi imbozwe umphetho walandela kudanyana 1.5 cm kusukela kulowo odlule. Ukuphothula ezidingekayo uxhumano umhluzi nge ukugqagqana kancane. ngaphezulu is hhayi Kunconywa ngaphandle ukususwa operation slag, njengoba kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle akuyona etholwe.

isheke izinga

Kuphethe Welding yamapayipi, ngesikhathi sokugcina, kudingeka uqinisekise ukuthi ikhwalithi ezivuzayo zaphumela ephelele. ufa Invisible kungatholakala necebo insipho, okuyinto sisetshenziswa ngebhulashi ku emalungeni ashiselwe. Ngemva emoyeni sidla ohlelweni. Uma kukhona abangu ehlaza amalunga omzimba noma izindawo, bona ungabona kusukela Bubbles.

Rotary Welding indlela

Welding inqubo amapayipi ngokuvamile kudinga inombolo enkulu yamakhasi e yaseZimbabwe, kwakheka isikhundla aphansi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa indlela yokunyathelisa. Uma ipayipi has udonga ukujiya kufika ku-12 mm, kungenzeka ukwenza umthungo kathathu. Isendlalelo wokuqala ashiselwe kuya electrode, ukushuba zazo induku kuhluka 2 kuya ku-4 mm. Zonke izingqimba okwalandela kungenziwa ashiselwe kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu ubukhulu electrode.

Ekuqaleni, ilunga kufanele ihlukaniswe izingxenye 4. Zokushisela wenziwa kule mikhakha lokuqala nelesibili zitholakala ku-ingxenye engenhla tube. I tube ke ezijikisiwe, kanye master uzokwenza imikhakha ngokuhlanganyela sesithathu nesesine. ' Tube esinyathelweni esilandelayo kufanele kube ukuze ujike futhi ubilise 1 no-2 imikhakha. Lapho Ukujikeleza ngokuphinda ungqimba yesibili sisetshenziswa emikhakheni 3 futhi 4. ungqimba wokugcina uphonswe kwelinye direction, igemfe kumele rotated ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Welding othomathikhi

I Welding iphayiphi kungaba kwenziwe ku ukukhiqizwa esikhulu esikalini, umkhiqizo lapho okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, Welding inhlukano kungaba isikhathi esiningi, ngakho imishini Welding asetshenziswa emsebenzini. Zonke izinqubo ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyokwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Zokushisela Kwenziwa we wire Welding, okuyinto unwound kukhoyili ngabondla kule ndawo umsebenzi. Le ndawo abasebenza wakhonza amagesi Okuningi futhi avikele e imodi othomathikhi. Uma umsebenzi asikwazi ezenzakalelayo, Welding semi-automatic isetshenziswa.

Alternative izindlela zokushisela

Zokushisela nokufakwa piping kungaba kwenziwe esebenzisa igesi Welding. Le ndlela kuhilela amalahle emaphethelweni lokushisa ukuncibilika. Ngasikhathi sinye, Welding induku is bhotela, kanye metal esetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa umphetho. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukuthola umthungo ngokwanele ukuthi uzoba roller ophumile.

igesi Welding Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela oksijini acetylene. Izinsimbi zomculo main aphume ashone sikaphalafini kanye umsiki. Uthi isidumbu sokuqala ineziteshi ezimbili lapho igesi idluliswe ekamelweni kuhlangana. ngaleyo ndlela Master ulawula ukugeleza igesi lapho Welding izinto ezahlukene.

Welding ngamapayipi ensimbi kungabuye zilandelwa ngu indlela lokungeniswa. Lobu buchwepheshe kuhilela izici Ukushisa imisinga eddy. Emaphethelweni zihlangene cindezela ezinamasondo. Lolu hlobo lwe-Welding isetshenziswa umkhakha futhi isiqoqi sama-softwe.

Izincomo mayelana Ukukhethwa electrode

Lapho Welding amapayipi kufanele GOST 16037-80 uyalandelwa. Basuke kubhaliswe nokuningi ikakhulukazi kukhethwa electrode. I yamuva ayizona metal izinduku zenziwa wire. Uhlonze lwalo ziyahlukahluka kusuka 2 kuya 5 mm. Ebusweni imbozwe daubing, okuyinto lisetshenziswa ungqimba obukhulu noma ukuzaca. Kulo mBhalo ka lokunameka amabanga mass kusuka 1 kuya 2% ngesisindo sezinti induku. Uma kuwukuthi ungqimba obukhulu, isisindo sayo kungaba isukela 20 kuya ku-30%.

Njengoba main ukugeza umsebenzi wenza kumiswa slag, esesikhundleni ngesimo ingxubevange-non-metal isisindo ephansi kuqhathaniswa metal. I slag zintanta phezulu e Welding, udala enamathela zokuzivikela. Ngemuva yokuxhuma piping Welding slag kumelwe ungqongqoze. Uma uqweqwe iba ziyaqothuka, kungaba zisuswe sasivumela kalula.

I electrode seziyatholakala nezinhlobo ezahlukene ezinengilazi, lona wamuva zazo eyenzelwe imisebenzi ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, enamathela cellulosic isetshenziselwa Welding piping ubukhulu elinesithunzi. Ngalezi electrode ungakha ezivuzayo isiyingi futhi mpo.

I electrode zingatholakala okudayiswayo nge enamathela Rutile okuyinto luvutha kalula futhi yakha slag uqweqwe brittleness okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngalezi electrode ungakha isethulo amalunga omzimba, umucu welds, tack futhi ubilise kahle ukusungula impande amalunga omzimba. Lokhu kuvumela uxhumano eyigeza.

iphayiphi Welding inqubo kungabanga ukusetshenziswa electrode nge enamathela rutile-esidi. Lokhu kwaziswa izici lula ikhasi ngokwahlukana electrode ukusetshenziswa incane, ngaleyo ndlela esindisa. Rutile-camera tselyulloznoe uyakufanelekela ukuba amalunga omzimba kuzo zonke izikhundla, okungase iqondiswe phezulu, okungukuthi siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke.

Suture nge viscosity okusezingeni eliphezulu ingatholakala ne main electrode enamathela. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukwakha compounds ukuthi musa inqamuke. Indaba kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ne amapayipi thick-ngabafaka kanye nemikhiqizo, okuzokwenza eziqhutshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.

Ukulungisa Welding

Ungakwazi afeze ukukhanda amapayipi Welding. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingxenye engaphelele zigezwe athutha. OKUVUMELEKILE yokuhlanza sandblasting, amadiski olwalwenza, polishers kanye disc wire emabhulashini.

Ukulungisa Welding kuhilela ekuvezeni ezindaweni engaphelele. Umonakalo kungahle kubangelwe ukugqwala phezu ungakheka imihuzuko, okuhlaselayo nezingozi. Ukuze sicacise ukushuba odongeni kufanele nokuqalisa nesilinganiso futhi kuhlolwe ngamehlo. izindlela OKUVUMELEKILE futhi ezengeziwe ezingokwenyama akuzona elimazayo.

Amacala, ukujula okuyinto 0.2 mm, kungenziwa isuswe ngu ukugaywa. ipayipi Amazinga Welding lapho ezihilela ukusetshenziswa indlela manual usebenzisa electrode ngekhava main. Ukuze Welding le weld yamathebhu lokuqala kunconywa ukusebenzisa electrode kabani ubukhulu ifinyelela 3.2 mm. Ukuze ambozwe bese ugcwalisa emalungeni electrode ubukhulu zingaba phakathi 3 4 mm.

Inqubo iphayiphi Welding kuhilela calcining electrode. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa electrode calcined ezimweni umile. Kulokhu, uye endaweni ephakemeyo, ukukhiqizwa, kufanele zithunyelwe ku ziqukathi. Isitoreji electrode amazinga kazwelonke ngaleyo ndlela kumele kushiswa ikamelo ezomile, okuyinto eyenza lokushisa akusho uphonsa ngezansi +15 ° C.

ingxenye engasebenzi ngaphambi sebethule kufanele ukufuthelana ngu kagesi Ukushisa amadivaysi. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa indlela lokungeniswa okuyinto eyenza Ukushisa iyunifomu. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa igesi izitofu noma heater. Zokushisela engenziwa usebenzisa indlela inverter. Inotiyela wenziwa ngesikhathi samanje njalo polarity reverse.

ukuthungela arc wenziwa at emaphethelweni isampuli wesabelo engaphelele. Welding yamathebhu izingqimba rectilinear noma ukuma isiyingi wenza roller emincane. uhlelo asetshenzisiwe - esiphikisayo izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. ukunyakaza ohlangothini ngalunye kulandela umphetho ukuba esiphikisayo. Ububanzi ukugcwaliswa ungqimba wokuqala ziyahlukahluka kusuka 4 kuya ku-6 mm. Zonke izingqimba okwalandela abe ububanzi 8 kuya ku-10 mm.

isiphetho

Nge ezifanele imishini Welding ipayipi izinhlelo ungakwazi nokuqalisa ngokwakho. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhetha electrode kwesokudla, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele izakhiwo izinto yisisekelo ipayipi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze uxhume amapayipi wenza carbon steel, kufanele agodliwe by okokusebenza Welding ne eyinhloko noma rutile.

Uma ezivuzayo abathola isahlulelo ku lashukumisa steel pipe elendlalekile, kubalulekile ukuba alungiselele electrode ngoba Welding amapayipi lashukumisa. Njengoba izici eziyinhloko Welding ukusebenza zinc lashukumisa amapayipi kuphuma lokushisa abilayo. Kuyinto aphansi uma iqhathaniswa nayo lapho kuyiqiniso ngoba steel. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi enamathela zinc ngeke shabalala lapho sishiswa ngakho.