Yini kudivayisi ukucutshungulwa ikhompyutha ulwazi ekhiqizwa? ikhompyutha processor

Ngo idivayisi kwikhompyutha senziwa sicubungula ulwazi elamukelayo? Njengoba le nqubo ithatha indawo? Hlobo luni divayisi isetshenziselwa? Yiziphi izinzuzo zako?

Yini processor khompyutha?

Lokhu microprocessor (wesifunda ihlanganiswe) noma iyunithi electronic, ngokufeza umshini imiyalelo (Ngamafuphi nje, ikhodi hlelo). He is ingxenye eyinhloko hardware computer. Ngezinye izikhathi igama lakhe ukungezwa isiqalo "micro". Le idivayisi kwikhompyutha esikhethekile ngokucubungula ulwazi. Ake zaydom umlando. Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "processing unit" ichaza isigaba esikhethekile imishini logic eyayidingeka ukuze enze izinhlelo ikhompyutha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kancane kancane, kwakunengozi ukudluliselwa igama idivayisi ingxenye yayo. Ukuqaliswa, izakhiwo kanye nokusebenza izilimi, njengoba avela ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa washintsha. Kodwa ukusebenza ayiguquki njengakuqala. Ekuhloleni instrument ngalinye kufanele bacabangele nemingcele ezilandelayo: ukusebenza, isivinini iwashi, amandla, ubungcweti, amazinga inqubo ungeno ekubhaleni. Yileyo ndlela kudivayisi khompyutha eyenziwe i-information processing.

amathemba

Ikhompyutha njengendlela jikelele information processing idivayisi is njalo ngcono. Bayanda, lithi zonke izilimi yesimanje ngokushesha ukufinyelela imikhawulo yabo ngokomzimba, ngakho ayingxenye impahla zizoshintsha kakhulu. Hlukanisa lezi ongakhetha:

1. amakhompyutha Yamamolekhula. Lolu hlelo Computing, okuzokwenza bazuze amathuba zishintshe (ngemcondvo - Organic). Basebenzisa umbono ka ukugcwaliseka amathuba kwama-athomu nezinhlayiyana ilungiselelo yabo isikhala.
2. amakhompyutha Optical. Kulezi electron ndawonye ukuze adlulisele amasignali ukuba izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya isicelo.
3. amakhompyutha Quantum. Okwazekayo, umsebenzi wabo kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende imiphumela quantum. Manje ayenziwa izinguqulo ukusebenza kwalezi izilimi. Danae Imininingwane ikhompyutha ukucutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe kubhekwa ethembisayo.

Inganekwane megahertz

Kancane mayelana nemithetho information processing yikhompyutha. kabanzi phakathi abasebenzisi abavamile wathola imvume ukuthi imvamisa ephakeme iwashi processor, obunamandla ukuthi uqhosha. Empeleni, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. kugomela singasetshenziswa kuphela kulabo izilimi abangekho abanikazi izakhiwo efanayo futhi microarchitecture.

Lokho ku Russian Federation?

Ingabe-ke okwamanje ngiziqhayise okuthile? Njengamanje, izikhungo zocwaningo kakhulu futhi amabhizinisi embonini electronic "Russian Electronics" kucinisekiswe kule nkampani ubambe. It yasungulwa ngo-1997. Ngesikhathi kwakugcwele 33, futhi manje 123 amabhizinisi. Bona ngokukhethekile ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa yezimboni esebenzisa ugesi, ngamathuluzi nangezinto zokwakha. Futhi ungakha amadivayisi Semiconductor futhi izindlela lobuchwepheshe yokuxhumana. Ngokwengxenye enkulu benza imikhiqizo ethile, kodwa kukhona imizamo ukufinyelela emakethe mass (kodwa hhayi yimpumelelo kakhulu).

amandla ukusetshenziswa Processors

Ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yabo isithende Achilles '. Ngakho, ngaphambi x86 izilimi kudle amandla amancane kakhulu (uma kuqhathaniswa ne amasampula yesimanje), ivolumu okujwayeleke we watt. Nge ezandayo transistors futhi iwashi imvamisa, lokhu ipharamitha liye lenyuka kakhulu. Manje ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameleli, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze ahlinzeke 130 Watts, futhi akungabazeki ukuthi 'nezilo "kakade isakhiwa emahhovisi design abadinga nakakhulu. Ngaphambili, amandla isici wayemncane. Kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izimiso kolwazi ukucutshungulwa nge ushintsho ikhompyutha, kukhuphuke Amadivayisi amandla. Manje CPU has nomthelela obonakalayo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo:

1. Sidinga ukuthuthukisa amasu yokukhiqiza ukunciphisa amandla ukusetshenziswa kwe-processor.
2. Kuyadingeka ukuba ufune izinto ezintsha kuzonciphisa ukuvuza imisinga.
3. Kudingeka sisebenze okuhloswe ngazo ukwehlisa voltage ngoba powering the core processor.
4. Uvele enethiwekhi ukuthi abe nabaningi oxhumana nabo, inombolo mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 1000. Nabo kudingeka ukuthi unikeze amandla wokugaya.
5. Shintsha isakhiwo amadivayisi. Ngakho, i-crystal uye wathuthela Ohlangothini olungaphandle kusuka ngaphakathi ukuze kube lula ukushisa nokususwa inqubo.
6. Kwakukhona uhlelo ezihlakaniphile ukuthi ngamandla ukushintsha voltage. Abakwazi ukuthonya imvamisa cores ngabanye kanye processor amayunithi ukukhubaza okwesikhashana ukuthi ayisetshenziselwa.
7. I crystal ihlanganiswe lokushisa izinzwa, futhi izinhlelo ukuvimbela okweqile. Bona ukunciphisa imvamisa wokugaya, futhi zingase ziyeke ngisho ke, uma kukhona abathile weqa umugqa.
8. Kukhona izindlela amandla okusindisa, iziphi "elaliswa" zonke izilimi ebukhoneni load.

kudivayisi processor ikhompyutha luyindida, namandla Ufaka enye inselele nge engemihle. Yilokho ngazo futhi uzobe ukhuluma manje.

lokushisa Operating iprosesa

Esinye isici esibalulekile. Limelela esiphezulu lokushisa value, okungase kube phezu chip Semiconductor noma processor lapho ukusebenza evamile kungenzeka. Kuyinto encike ngqo kwi izinga echibini ukushisa kanye umthwalo. Lapho izinga lokushisa singaphezu kobude letiphakanyisiwe, asikho isiqinisekiso operation evamile. izilimi eziningi ezisebenza kahle, uma kuba esingaphansi 85? C. Uma izinga lokushisa ngaphezulu, kukhona izizathu amaphutha software noma i-computer zingase hang. Kwezinye izimo, izinguquko engelapheki kungavuka wokugaya. onobuhle yamanje ngokuvamile ukuqapha okweqile kanye nomkhawulo wokusebenza kwabo. Yileyo ndlela kudivayisi khompyutha eyenziwe i-information processing.

Heat isizukulwane nokushisa ukususwa processor

Indlela ukunciphisa umthelela ongemuhle degrees ephakeme? Ukuze ukushabalalisa ukushisa kanye Coolers asebenzayo asetshenziswa radiators yekwentiwa. Ngamunye izindlela kunezinzuzo zako siqu kanye nobubi obuthile.

Silinganiso kanye nekusebentisa lokushisa yangokwesiko processor

Futhi nangu kanjani idivayisi ngeke wazi ukuthi badinga ukushintsha lokhu kwebalingisi of yakhe? Maphakathi ikhava isethwe ekhethekile lokushisa inzwa, lapho ingaba njengesihluthulelo diode ezishisayo, a thermistor noma Transistor nge ngalendoda futhi base ivaliwe.

isiphetho

Ngakho, yini divayisi isetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukwaziswa khompyutha? Yiqiniso, processor ikhompyutha. Manje uyazi impendulo hhayi kuphela umbuzo kodwa futhi izici zedivayisi kanye nezinkinga ezikhona kanye namathemba. Ngakho, kukhona ulwazi ukwenza ngendlela kuyingxenye ebalulekile izinhlelo lobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi i-information processing wenziwa lapho idivayisi kwikhompyutha.