Microcontroller ESP8266: nokuxhuma ukumisa

Abasebenzisi abaningi kakade wakwazi alinake yayo ESP8266-12 chip ezikhishwe Espressif. Izindleko kuba ishibhile kuka indinganiso ye-Bluetooth-adaptha ikhadi, nasezindaweni Ubukhulu ezincane, ubelokhu izici okuningi. Manje bonke abalandeli ekhaya kwadingeka ithuba ukusebenza kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi izindlela ezimbili, okungukuthi, ukuba ukuxhuma ikhompyutha yakho kunoma amaphuzu ukufinyelela noma zifake sibe yiphuzu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungase kudingeke uqonde kahle ukuthi lezi amakhadi nje Isihlangu, yakhelwe kuphela zokuxhumana nge-Wi-Fi. Wona ESP8266 kukodwa microcontroller, esesikhundleni UART ayo, GPIO futhi SPI-interface, okusho ingasetshenziswa njengendlela imishini akancike ngokuphelele. Abaningi ngemva kwalokhu chip ngokuthi izinguquko kweqiniso, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amadivayisi njenge iyokwakhiwa ngisho nezinhlobo eziyisisekelo kakhulu ubuchwepheshe, kodwa uma nje idivayisi kuqhathaniswa amasha firmware abasimeme akusiyo. Ochwepheshe abaningi emhlabeni wonke ozama baziqambela firmware yakho siqu, ngoba ukugcwalisa wazinika akuyona ngempela kunzima, kodwa naphezu kobunzima ahlukahlukene, idivayisi manje kungenziwa ngokuthi ngempela ezifanele ukusetshenziswa.

Okwamanje, sicabanga ongakhetha ezimbili kuphela ukusetshenziswa le mojula:

• Ukusebenzisa ibhodi lihambisana i microcontroller ezengeziwe, noma ikhompyutha, okuyinto oyokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa UART ukulawula mojuli.
• Independent lokubhala firmware ngoba chip, okuvumela ke bona bayisebenzise njengeqhinga iyunithi akancike.

Kungokwemvelo ukuba ukucubungula firmware ezimele kuleli cala, thina ngeke.

Kubuka lula ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusebenza okuhle, abantu abaningi phakathi microcontrollers abaningi ukunikeza imodeli yabo ntandokazi ESP8266. Ixhuma nokubuyekeza firmware we idivayisi ilula kakhulu futhi kufinyeleleke, futhi senziwa ihadiwe efanayo phezu kwayo uxhuma imishini kukhompyutha. Lokho kuyafana yonkana ye-USB TTL-Converter, noma, uma omunye ukhetha nezinye izinketho zokuxhuma, kungaba kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa RPi futhi Arduino.

Kanjani ukuhlola?

Ukuze ukuhlola ukusebenza idivayisi owawusanda kuthengwa, uzodinga ukusebenzisa umthombo okhethekile voltage uhlaliseke, kuze kube 3.3 volts. Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi wangempela module supply voltage lebanga ukusuka volts 3 kuya 3.6, futhi anda voltage supply ngokushesha kungaholela yokuthi wena umane ngeke kulimaze ESP8266 yakho. Flash nenye isofthiwe emva nesimo esifanayo angase aqale ukusingatha zingasebenzi kahle, futhi usunayo ukulungisa iyunithi noma okuthize ukukulungisa.

Ukuze sithole ukusebenza imodeli microcontroller, udinga nje ukuxhuma izikhonkwane ezintathu:

• CH_PD futhi VCC uxhumeke kwi-amandla supply 3.3 volts.
• GND ixhunywe phansi.

Uma ungawasebenzisi ESP-01, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye module futhi ekuqaleni samanje isuselwe GPIO15 ke esimweni esinjalo udinga ukuba, futhi uyonikwa okwengeziwe exhunywe kwi phansi.

Uma firmware ifektri ukusebenzisa ngokuvamile ke esimweni esinjalo ungabona elibomvu, bese izikhathi ezimbalwa ngeke blink okwesibhakabhaka. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi obomvu amandla ukukhanya akanayo wonke amadivaysi ESP8266 Series. Firmware kwamanye amadivayisi alinikezi kungakhanyi ukukhanya kwezindaba elibomvu, uma module engekho (ngokukhethekile, lokhu kusho imodeli ESP-12).

Ngemuva yokuxhuma kunethiwekhi engenantambo ivuswe ngu entsha yokufinyelela, okuyinto kuyothiwa ESP_XXXX, futhi kungatholakala nanoma iyiphi idivayisi likwazi ukufinyelela Wi-Fi. Kulokhu, igama ukufinyelela phuzu encike ngqo kwi firmware yomenzi oyisebenzisayo, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ezinye.

Uma iphuzu Liyavela, ungaqhubeka ukusebenzisa, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke nibe nawo ekhaya azokuqhubela amandla kabusha Ukubuyekeza, kanye ngokunemba GND futhi CH_PD uxhumano, futhi uma konke ixhunywe kahle, khona-ke cishe, wena basazama zisebenzisa iyunithi eliphukile noma ku it is nje efakwe firmware nge izilungiselelo angajwayelekile.

Indlela ukuxhuma ngokushesha?

isethi Standard adingekayo uxhumano lokhu module zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• module uqobo;
• breadboard solderless;
• isethi egcwele izintambo umama, ubaba, eyenzelwe prototyping ibhodi, noma ikhebula ekhethekile Dupont MF;
• USB-TTL Converter esekelwe PL2303, FTDI noma ezinye chip efanayo. Inketho engcono - uma-USB TTL adaptha futhi RTS okukhipha futhi DTR, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu ingatholakala ngokushesha impela ukulanda firmware kwabanye UDK, Arduino IDE noma Sming, ngaphandle ngisho isidingo sokuba manual usuke GPIO0 phansi.

Uma usebenzisa Converter ukuba 5 volts, ke isidingo ukuthenga eyengeziwe voltage Regulator chip ngesisekelo 1117 noma iyiphi efanayo, kanye umthombo wamandla (i standard 1117 ngempela kahle efanelekayo ukushaja ngisho ojwayelekile nje wase-smartphone 5 volts). Kunconywa hhayi ukusebenzisa Arduino IDE noma USB-TTL ukuba umthombo amandla ngoba ESP8266, bese usebenzisa ehlukile, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu ungakwazi ukuqeda ekugcineni zezinkinga isisindo.

isethi Advanced ukunikeza umsebenzi ukhululekile futhi njalo nge module sihlinzekela isidingo eyengeziwe amandla nezixhumi, resistors, LED kanye DIP-ukushintshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa oshibhile-USB qapha, okukuvumela ukuthi sihlale njalo siqaphele inani ukusetshenziswa samanje, futhi ukuvikele kangako USB ibhasi nesenzakalo of short circuit.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze?

Ngokuyinhloko kuyafaneleka yokuthi ukulawula ESP8266 kungenzeka ube ukuhluka kuye ngokuthi yiziphi imodeli ethize oyisebenzisayo. amamojuli okunjalo namuhla impela eningi, futhi into yokuqala ukuthi uzodinga - iyona ukuhlonza imodeli futhi uyisebenzisa ukucacisa uxhumano pin. Kule Manuwali, sizoxoxa ukusebenza module ESP8266 ESP-01 V090, futhi uma usebenzisa ezinye imodeli ezinye etholakala Ping GPIO15 (HSPICS, MTDO), uzodinga ukudonsa phansi njengengonyama ejwayelekile module isiqalo i-firmware imodi.

Khona-ke phinda uhlole ukuthi voltage asinikeza module axhunyiwe kuyinto 3.3 volts. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uhla ovumelekile ivela volts 3 kuya 3.6, futhi esimweni okwandisa idivayisi ehluleka, kodwa voltage supply kungaba ngisho kakhulu ngaphansana 3 volts, okuyinto kushiwo imibhalo.

Uma usebenzisa i-Converter-USB TTL 3.3 volts ke module ixhunyiwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba ohlangothini kwesokunxele esithombeni esingezansi. Uma isicelo kuphela pyativoltovy-USB TTL ke sinake ohlangothini lwesokunene sibalo. Kungase kubonakale sengathi ilungelo esebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi yayisebenzisa ehlukile ugesi, kodwa eqinisweni endabeni ye-USB TTL ukusetshenziswa Converter 5 volts efiselekayo kakhulu ukwenza okwengeziwe ehlukanisayo resistors ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwezinyathelo trehvoltovyh futhi pyativoltovyh amazinga logic, noma umane ukusebenzisa amazinga module ukuguqulwa.

Hook Up Izici Special

Ngakwesokudla sekunokuxhumana umdwebo UTXD (TX), kanye URXD (RX) module ukuze pyativoltovoy logic, TTL, futhi nokufezeka kwentando lezo zinqubo kwenziwe ngentando yakho. Ngu ESP8266 incazelo lithi iyunithi lusebenza ngempumelelo kuphela 3.3V logic. Ngo iningi labantu izimo, ngisho esimweni imishini logic pyativoltovoy abupheli, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela izimo ezinjalo, ngakho ukuxhumana okunjalo is hhayi Kunconywa.

Uma ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ozinikele-USB TTL Converter 3.3 volts, singasebenza the resistors ehlukanisayo. Futhi uzinake ukuthi ngakwesokudla sibalo Amandla 1117 isimame ixhunyiwe ngaphandle piping ezengeziwe, futhi ubuchwepheshe usebenza ngempela, kodwa kusenzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-umdwebo wiring 1117 nge capacitor strapping - isidingo ukuvumelanisa ngayo ESP8266 ishidi ku isimame zakho noma basebenzise kakade ngomumo ngokuphelele module, ngokusekelwe ngesisekelo 1117.

Ukuqala iyunithi, okudingayo ukuze uyeke iketango GPIO0-TND ke kungenzeka ukuthi unikeze amandla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi konke okudingayo ukukwenza kulowo myalelo, okungukuthi, okokuqala yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi GPIO0 «ulenga emoyeni", bese kuphela ukusebenzisa amandla CH_PD futhi VCC.

Indlela ukuxhuma kahle?

Uma ungakwazi ukunikezela ngobusuku obubodwa ukuba ngokuvamile ukuxhuma ESP8266 module, ungasebenzisa inketho uzinze ngokwengeziwe. Esikhathini umdwebo ngenhla ubona inketho ngokuqondene othomathikhi ukulayisha firmware.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi esithombeni ngenhla alibonisi ukusetshenziswa GPIO mahhala futhi ADC, futhi uxhumano kuyoba ngqo kuxhomeke kulokho ncamashi ufuna ukuqalisa ukusebenza, kodwa uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza, ungakhohlwa ukudonsa wonke GPIO Amandla kanye ADC emhlabathini usebenzisa Resistor silingo-up.

10k resistors, uma kunesidingo, ungayithola enye by yimuphi omunye ku ezahlukene 4,7k ukuba 50k, ngaphandle GPIO15, njengoba ubuso inani layo kufanele kube khona abangaphezu kuka-10k. Ihlelo capacitor bushelelezi okusezingeni eliphezulu imvamisa yezwakala Zingase zihluke.

Compound GPIO16 SETHA KABUSHA futhi ngokusebenzisa wobuthongo obukhulu Resistor 470 ohms kungase kudingeke uma usebenzisa imodi okuhambisanayo, kusukela ukuze uphume kusukela imodi ezijulile ubuthongo, module kwenza ukusetha kabusha ngokugcwele ngokufeza ezingeni eliphansi ukuphakela GPIO16. Esikhathini engekho lokhu ezijulile imodi kwakwakhe ubuthongo ngoba iyunithi wakho uyohlala phakade.

Uma uthi nhlá, kungase kubonakale sengathi GPIO0, GPIO1 (TX), GPIO2, GPIO3 (RX) kanye GPIO15 umatasa, ngakho ukuzisebenzisela izinjongo zabo ngeke isebenze, kodwa empeleni akunjalo. Izinga sezingeni eliphezulu ukuze GPIO0 futhi GPIO2, kanye ongaphakeme ukuba GPIO15 kungadingeka kuphela uqalisa kokuqala module, futhi esikhathini esizayo isivele kungenzeka ukuzisebenzisa ngokubona kwayo. Into kuphela Kuhle kokusho - ungakhohlwa ukunikeza amazinga oyifunayo phambi lokufeza kabusha endaweni egcwele imishini yakho.

Ungasebenzisa futhi TX, RX njengoba GPIO1 futhi GPIO3 engamakhambi, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngemva module uqale firmware ngamunye uqala "ukudonsa" parallel TX ukwenza iphutha ulwazi ethunyelwe UART0 ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti 74480, kodwa ngemva izobanjelwa endaweni thwebula impumelelo, ungasebenzisa kubo hhayi kuphela njengoba UART0 ukwenza idatha exchange nge kwenye idivayisi, kodwa futhi njengendlela GPIO ejwayelekile.

Ukuze amamojuli lapho inani elincane izikhonkwane buhlanjululwe (isibonelo, ESP-01) ayidingekile ukuxhuma izikhonkwane undiluted, okungukuthi, ESP-01 kwazala kuphela: GND, CH_PD, VCC, GPIO0, GPIO2 kanye SETHA KABUSHA, futhi kuba yabo kuwe uzodinga qinisa. Asikho isidingo ukuba soldered ngqo ESP8266EX chip, bese udonsa izikhonkwane undiluted, ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeka ngempela.

uxhumano okunjalo imidvwebo asetshenziswa emva inombolo enkulu ukuhlola okwenziwa inqola i ochwepheshe abafanelekayo futhi wabutha kusukela sebuningini nolwazi oluhlukile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho amaqhinga anjalo angeke kubhekwe enhle, ngoba ungasebenzisa nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho, ongakhetha kuphumelele ngokufanayo.

Uxhumano nge Arduino

Uma ngasizathu simbe, kwakungekho-USB TTL Converter 3.3 volts ke module WiFi ESP8266 kungenziwa exhunywe nge Arduino nge Converter ehlangene. Lapha uzodinga sizinake ngezici ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Lapho esetshenziswa ne ESP8266 Arduino Setha kabusha ekuqaleni exhunywe kwi-GND, ukuqeda ikhono ukugijima microcontroller futhi kuleli fomu ke lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela esobala ye-USB TTL Converter.
• RX futhi TX ayixhunyiwe "ngesikhathi owela", futhi ngqo - I-RX-RX (green), TX-TX (yellow).
• Yonke enye into ixhunyiwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba ngenhla.

Yini okufanele kucatshangelwe

Kulesi uhlelo nayo idinga afanayo izingqimba 5 volt TTL Arduino, futhi 3.3 volts ku ESP8266, kodwa ongaqhuba kahle kakhulu.

Uma ixhunywe ESP8266 Arduino kungenziwa ifakwe Regulator voltage, hhayi withstanding wamanje esidingeka ESP8266, ngenxa yalokho, ngaphambi kokuthi uyisebenzise, udinga ubuze datashipom kulowo owasebenzisile. Ungazami ukuxhuma iyiphi enye izakhi amandla ukudliwa nge ESP8266, njengoba lokhu kungaholela yokuthi esakhelwe voltage Regulator Arduino umane ehluleka.

Futhi, kukhona omunye umdwebo uxhumano ESP8266 futhi Arduino, esebenzisa SoftSerial. Njengoba umtapo SoftSerial port isivinini elilingana 115200, iphakeme kakhulu futhi ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa operation esitebeleni is hhayi Kunconywa, le ndlela uxhumano ukuyisebenzisa, nakuba zikhona ezinye izimo lapho okusebenza uzinzile ngempela.

Uxhumano nge RaspberryPi

Uma ungenayo nhlobo iyiphi converters-USB TTL, ukube bekunjalo ungasebenzisa RaspberryPi. Kulokhu, ngoba ESP8266 izinhlelo kanye uxhumano kucishe, kodwa lapha zingavumi ngakho, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho Uzodinga ukusebenzisa ukudla njengendlela isimame at 3.3 volts.

Ukuqala RX, TX futhi GND idivayisi yethu ukuxhuma ESP8266, VCC futhi GND futhi ahlubule ngokomthetho ugesi, kubalwa 3.3 volts. Lapha, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe yokuthi udinga ukwenza kube nokuhlobana amadivayisi GND, okungukuthi, RaspberryPi isimame futhi ESP8266. Uma esakhelwe idivayisi yakho imodeli Umlawuli zingamelana-300 ma lomthwalo ezengeziwe ke uxhumano ESP8266 kuyinto ejwayelekile, kodwa konke kwenziwa ngentando yakho.

ulungiselele izilungiselelo

Uma uqonde ukuthi ukuxhuma ESP8266, kudingeka uqinisekise ukuthi abashayeli idivayisi yakho isethelwe kahle, ukuze virtual port entsha ye-serial kwanezelwa ohlelweni. Kube Uzodinga ukusebenzisa uhlelo - yomkhiqizo Port Terminal. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo Umbuso indawo ungakwazi ukuqhubeka yimuphi ukunambitheka yakho, kodwa kufanele uqonde kahle ukuthi noma iliphi iqembu ukuthi kuzothunyelwa echwebeni serial, ekugcineni kufanele ibe nezinhlamvu ezingu-trailing CR + LF.

ukusetshenziswa Ngiphephile okwandile CoolTerm ESPlorer kanye Tinsita, lona wamuva kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ufake ESP8266 AT imiyalo bebodwa, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuba lula ukusebenza Lua izikripthi ngaphansi NodeMCU, ngakho kalula ingasetshenziswa njengendlela esibulalayo standard.

Ukuze uthole uxhumano evamile port serial kuyodingeka wenze umsebenzi omningi, ngoba firmware ngokuba ESP8266 lingama ezihlukahlukene futhi kusebenze kungaba kwenziwe, aphenduka ngejubane elingafani. Ukuze anqume ku ukhetho best, uzodinga zidlule ongakhetha ezintathu eziyisisekelo: 9600, 57600 futhi 115200.

Indlela yokuxazulula?

Ukuze uqalise, xhuma isofthiwe esibulalayo echwebeni serial isengezo imingcele eneka 9600 8N1 ke ukuchitha kabusha endaweni egcwele module, ukukhubaza CH_PD (chip unike amandla) samandla, bese uyisebenzise futhi, ukusonta CH_PD. Ungase futhi ukuchitha short circuit endaweni SETHA KABUSHA ukuyiqalisa iyunithi sebenzisa idatha ku ukuphela.

Idivayisi lokuqala LED liboniswe ngendlela efanayo njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulesibonelo incazelo inqubo yokuqinisekisa. Kufanele uqaphele le isethi ukuphela abalingiswa ezahlukene ukuthi zizophela lapho ngomumo, futhi uma kungaqali, sixhume esibulalayo owawuseHholo isivinini ezahlukene, kulandele kabusha module.

Uma ubona omunye mbamba kuleto letiniketiwe ijubane line, kungaba kubhekwe module isilungele ukusebenza.

Indlela ubuyekeze firmware?

Emva kokufaka ESP8266, ukuxhuma idivayisi kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela, bese-ke izolungela uthuthukise i-firmware yakho. Ukufaka isofthiwe entsha okudingeka uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Ukuze uqale, landa firmware inguqulo yakamuva kusuka indawo esemthethweni futhi ulande Umbuso indawo ye ukukhanyisa. Lapha, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele inikwe yini uhlelo lokusebenza efakwe kwi umshini eyehlayo ESP8266. Ixhuma amadivayisi is best kwenziwa ohlelweni amadala Windows 7.

Ukuze standard Windows OS kuba elilungile ukusebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi XTCOM UTIL, okufaneleyo ikakhulukazi umsebenzi, uma firmware kuyinto ifayela elilodwa kuphela. The best multi-platform khetho kumele ushayele esptool Umbuso indawo, Nokho, okuyinto, abafuna ngenkani ngoba Python, kanye nesidingo ukuze ucacise kwemigomo umugqa wemiyalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqondene ESP8266 core imisebenzi ikuvumela ukuba sizikhandle ukwenza uhlelo Flash Download Ithuluzi, okuyinto has a inombolo ngokwanele enkulu izilungiselelo, kanye nobuchwepheshe elula ukufaka firmware kusukela amafayela amaningi.

Okulandelayo, nqamula ohlelweni lwakho ukugcina esuka ethekwini serial, futhi unqamule ukuxhunywa ngokugcwele kusukela amapayipi CH_PD, GPIO0 ukuxhuma module ukuze GND, bese CH_PD lungabuyiselwa emuva. Ekugcineni, nje ukuqala uhlelo firmware module ukulayisha nabo ESP8266 edluliselwe.

Ngo iningi labantu amacala firmware selulayisheke ku iyunithi ngesivinini esifundeni 115.200, kodwa imodi ekhethekile inikeza ukusatshalaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo velocity, ukuze firmware kungaba kwenziwe ngesivinini ezingaphezu kuka 9600, ekubuyekezeni etholakalayo ESP8266 umsebenzi. Arduino isetshenziselwa uxhumano noma USB-TTL - akusho inendima ekhethekile lapha, umkhawulo ngesivinini luncike ubude izintambo esetshenziswa lokuguqulela, futhi eziningi nezinye izinto.