Kudivayisi processor, ukuthi isebenza kanjani empeleni

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla-computer processor ingenye yezindawo eziyisisekelo. Emaphakathi processing unit - zobuchwepheshe futhi kudivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okubandakanya yonke intuthuko ezenzeka emkhakheni ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, kanye ezindaweni eseduze nale ndlela.

Lula kudivayisi processor libukeka kanje:

Ngesisekelo nucleus (elilodwa noma ambalwa). Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo nokulandela yonke imithetho bathembela kuwe;

Zikhona amazinga eziningana isilondolozi inkumbulo (ngokuvamile amabili noma amathathu), ngazo ngesivinini processor ukuxhumana kanye RAM;

RAM isilawuli;

Isilawuli ibhasi uhlelo (QPI, HT, DMI, njll).

isilawuli processor apharathasi libhekene nemingcele ezilandelayo:

Thayipha microarchitecture;

Imvamisa iwashi ;

Amazinga memory isilondolozi;

Inani inkumbulo isilondolozi;

Uhlobo nesivinini ibhasi uhlelo;

Usayizi amazwi kusetshenzwe;

Uxhumano inkumbulo isilawuli (kungaba);

Thayipha RAM wasekela;

Umthamo ikheli inkumbulo;

Esakhelwe ihluzo chip (ihlanganiswe ihluzo akuyona into engavamile ukuba usuku ukhonza kunalokho ibhekwa ekhadini namandla kakhulu ngokuqhubekayo njengoba, nakuba kudivayisi processor ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise, izixazululo namandla ngempela okuhlangene);

Inani ugesi yokuqothulwa.

I processor izici zayo

CPU core - ngokoqobo inhliziyo yakhe, aqukethe amayunithi obusebenzayo wahlanganyela ekukhishweni logic kanye nemisebenzi izibalo. umsebenzi Kernel kanje:

Block ukubuyiswa kuhlolelwe khona iphazamisa. Thola iziphazamiso efanayo, bangena isitaki. counter Uhlelo uthola ikheli kusukela uphazamisa isibambi ithimba. Lapho sebeqedile imisebenzi umsebenzi we uphazamisa, idatha babambeke isitaki zibuyiselwe. imfundo eyengeziwe ifundwa kusuka ikheli imfundo izibonelo zalokho iyunithi. Ngakho-ke ifundwa kusuka RAM noma isilondolozi ke idatha ethunyelwe emagama iyunithi. Manje ifunda imiyalo wathola ke adluliselwa idatha izibonelo zalokho iyunithi. Lapho, idatha zifundwa aphume RAM noma isilondolozi inkumbulo futhi adluliselwe ku-Semisebenzi, okuyinto ubheka ukuthi yiziphi iyunithi kufanele ukumhlinza ke idatha enikezwe kuyo. I control unit imiyalelo engikhiphela imiyalo wathola, futhi adlulisele umphumela block ukulondoloza imiphumela.

Lo mjikelezo ibizwa ngokuthi inqubo, futhi imiyalo njalo ababulawa yilezi hlelo. Ukuze izinga lapho omunye esiteji lomjikelezo kolunye, kulingana imvamisa iwashi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho uphuma khona isinyathelo umsebenzi umjikelezo, idivayisi processor ngokwayo unesibopho, noma kunalokho nucleus yayo.

Kunezindlela eziningana ngalo ungakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza wokugaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ayinyuse nemini, esesikhundleni ukulinganiselwa ezithile. Ukwandisa imvamisa iwashi ngokuqinisekile kwandisa amandla ukusetshenziswa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni ukwehla ukuzinza jikelele processor iyunithi.

Ukuze ugweme isidingo ukwandisa imvamisa iwashi, abakhiqizi wanquma ukuya enye indlela, ekhuphuka nge izingxube ezihlukahlukene zoketshezi yezakhiwo. Omunye isixazululo enjalo kuyinto pipelining, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto ukuthi ukucutshungulwa ngamunye isiqondiso ababulawa yanjalo enikeziwe bonke amabhlogo we-nucleus, okuyinto eyenziwa isenzo. Ngakho, lapho yonke imiyalelo umsindo iningi amabhlogo izoba kumodi lutho. Ngakho, bonke izilimi yesimanje ukusebenza kanje: ukwenza operation eyodwa, masinyane uqhubeke kwelinye, ekunciphiseni Ukuphumula amancane futhi ukwandisa nekghono by ngangokunokwenzeka. Yiqiniso, kuhle, kubukeka sengathi idivayisi processor njalo isebenza nge 100% ukusebenza kahle, kodwa kungenzeki ngenxa yokuthi iye yaba khona ithimba sobuntu sokuhlalisana ngokuthula.