Kuhle 3D iphrinta: ukubuyekezwa, izincazelo, imininingwane, abakhiqizi futhi impendulo. Domestic 3D-amaphrinta: Incazelo

3D-iphrinta yidivayisi evumela izingqimba ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene eziphathekako, esekelwe imodeli yayo 3D. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zinsizakuphila usanda zande, eqinisweni, amadivaysi wokuqala kwaqala ukuvela emuva 80s kwekhulu elidlule. Yiqiniso, lokhu Nokho yayingeyinhle 3D-iphrinta, futhi kwakukhona kakade ukuthambekela ezithakazelisayo. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe 3D Cindezela uye wagxumela phambili, umphumela waba lenqwaba amadivayisi amasha, ngalinye elikwazi Kugcwele izinzuzo zayo kanye nezici.

Okulandelayo sizobheka ukuthi kungase kube okungcono 3D-iphrinta kuze kube manje futhi yiziphi izici kudivayisi ngalinye.

SLS (nomkhiqizi SPRO)

Okukhethwayo laser sintering ubuchwepheshe. izinhlayiya elincane impahla sintered ngokusebenzisa amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu laser ukuchayeka. Kulokhu, njengoba impahla ingasetshenziswa izimpushana plastic, ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, ingilazi, inayiloni noma sobumba. Lesi sakhiwo kuyahluka ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu futhi asikho isidingo ukusebenzisa noma isiphi isakhiwo asekelayo, kodwa ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe luyabiza ezimalini. Kumele usebenzise umkhiqizo ukwelashwa ukushisa ngokushesha ngemva zokunyathelisa.

SLM (nomkhiqizi SPRO)

Okukhethwayo laser ukuncibilika ubuchwepheshe. Kuyinto iyafana uhlobo yangaphambilini ye divayisi, kodwa lapha indaba ingasetshenziswa kuphela ezihlukahlukene izinsimbi oluyimpuphu, kuyilapho lasers ngokwabo ibe namandla nakakhulu. Lona best 3D-iphrinta kuqhathaniswa ngesizathu sokuthi akunjalo zidinga ukwelashwa ukushisa ukukhiqiza isihloko.

EBM (nomkhiqizi Arcam)

Ubuciko electron ugongolo ukuncibilika. Usebenzisa ama-electron ugongolo ngokwanele enamandla wenziwa vacuo imikhiqizo fusing ungqimba by ungqimba kusukela powder metal. Nalapha futhi, best 3D-iphrinta kuqhathaniswa SLS, ngenxa yokuthi engabondli abakubo isidingo ukwelashwa ukushisa ngemva zokunyathelisa.

Lom (nomkhiqizi Solido, MCor)

Ubuciko gluing ezikhethekile egqinsiwe ifilimu izinto, ezifana iphepha laminated, noma polymer ifilimu, ukuze kamuva akha imodeli ephelele ugongolo laser.

SLA (nomkhiqizi FormLabs Ifomu)

Enye igama lobu buchwepheshe - stereolithography. Ngekwelapha photopolymer ketshezi, ngaphansi kwethonya emisebeni ultraviolet endaweni oyifunayo kuqinisekisa ukwakheka umkhiqizo. Ubuchwepheshe kuyahluka kahle impela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenza kudingekile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe asekelayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, asikwazi ukuthi kule ndaba, sebenzisa photopolymers ezibizayo, nemikhiqizo eseqedile kukhona lokunemba ongaphakeme.

FDM (abakhiqizi: MarketBot, CubeX)

Modeling Kwenziwa ngokukhethekile fusing ubuchwepheshe. Ngosizo ikhanda izabelo phezu yesikhulumi selehlile isibambo ngokucophelela iconsi Thermoplastic okuyinto lisesimweni evuthayo. Ngenxa solidification ngokwanele okusheshayo futhi ukuhlala ndawonye amathonsi enjalo izingqimba kwakhiwa kwakheka into, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba kunyatheliswe wenziwa lapha izingqimba.

Ukubuyekeza: Kwangithatha 20000 p. Ngokuyinhloko, bathatha ukuzijabulisa, ngakho ne imisebenzi nguye ophethe ku-100 Thwebula imidwebo Inthanethi programmiruesh, ulinde, uthola yi - kungcono elula.

Yikuphi ukukhetha?

Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka yokuthi yasekhaya 3D-amaphrinta - lena FDM, futhi kuphela ethengekayo umsebenzisi isilinganiso. Iphuzu lapha yilona ngisho kule izici ubuchwepheshe, nokuthi zedivayisi ngokwayo angathengwa ngentengo ruble 20 000, kanti izindleko nezinye izinto zokusebenza iqala kusukela ambalwa kwesigidi, futhi kanjalo itholakale kuphela isicelo.

Yingakho, uma udinga yasekhaya 3D-printer, udinga ukuba baqonde indlela ukukhetha idivayisi oluhle kusukela phakathi ubuchwepheshe ongakhetha FDM.

Kuyini kuwe?

Into esemqoka ngaphambi kokuthenga kule divayisi - kangakanani ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa, futhi yini okudingeka wena, isimiso, lolu phiko. Ngokwesibonelo, uma nje ufuna ukuba ujabule ke uma wenza ngempela silingane Ngokwesibonelo standard izindleko aphansi. Uma udinga ukuthola ukuthi yini 3D-iphrinta esingcono kakhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe, noma ibhizinisi ethile kuhlobene wokunyathelisa, kufanele ukhethe model enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Umuntu kumelwe amane ukucabanga ukuthi bekuyokwenzekani ukube enqubeni zokunyathelisa oda iphrinta elilandelayo ngobugebengu ngokuphelele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke ukwazi ukuyilungisa ngokushesha.

Ngakho, uma umsebenzi kule divayisi ukuphi ukuqondisa Amaholo, kufanele enze izinto ngendlela wemfanelo ekukhethweni zazo we 3D-amaphrinta izinga kangcono futhi ethembekile, uma kungenjalo kwadingeka esikhokhela kangcono ukunakekela onobuhle eshibhe ngesikhathi ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu imishini esebenza ngayo.

Zitholakalaphi namiphi imiphumela?

Qiniseka lapho ekhetha iphrinta, udinga ukuba banake ukukhiqizwa yezwe. Namuhla emakethe kunemibandela ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu:

• entshonalanga;
• isiShayina;
• yasekhaya.

Ngayinye yalezi izingxenye has izici zayo siqu, ngakho ngeke ukwazi nje ukuchitha, ukuzivocavoca ukubuyekeza, ukuqhathanisa best uhlobo 3D-amaphrinta ngamunye.

onobuhle Western ezingenisiwe eRussia CIS amazwe izinto eziningi ezincane, kanye abakhiqizi Awunawo abameleli olusemthethweni zamazwe ethu. Ngokuyinhloko, le ekugcineni uhumusha izinkinga ezifana nezindleko kahle eliphezulu kwemishini, ukuntuleka ukufinyelela ngqo izingxenye ezisele, kanye isevisi ejwayelekile kanye nokwesekwa. Ngakho, uma ngesikhathi ukusebenza iphrinta yakho ngeke ngisho nezinkinga ezincane kungaba nezinkinga ezingathí sina, ukuze ke ukusibuyisela esimweni ukusebenza. Kodwa sekubuyeketwa ikhaya engcono 3D-amaphrinta wabonisa ukuthi empeleni leli thuluzi okunokwethenjelwa ngokwanele ungasiphuli phansi ngokuhamba umsebenzi wabo.

Nalapha futhi, isimo esifanayo akhona amaphrinta Chinese, kodwa kulokhu kukhona eliphansi kakhulu imishini. Ikakhulukazi, kuyafaneleka izinga izakhi eziyisisekelo futhi izingxenye, okuyinto lags ngemuva kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezixazululo ezihlongozwayo yizinkampani Western.

Yiqiniso, ngeke sikwazi ukusho ukuthi amaphrinta kwamanje kuphela amazwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzothola enhle kunazo zonke emhlabeni 3D-amaphrinta phakathi abakhiqizi bethu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izici ethulwa esilandelayo.

Isivinini ukunemba

Ukunemba ukuphakama inikeza ukuphrinta ungqimba kunqubo ukuthi ingaphansi ukuphakama, aba maningi ukunemba (ngalesi sikhathi aphakeme ukunemba amaphrinta kuyinto microns 50) kanye velocity ukujikeleza umelwe ku-cm ³ / ihora.

Lezi nemingcele nihlanganyele ngendlela eqondile kakhulu. Uma kukhona ukunemba okuphezulu, kwehlisa ijubane ukuphrinta, kanye okuphambene nalokho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umkhiqizo othile ukuba kunyatheliswe ngesikhathi ngenhla 50 microns e ukunemba, isikhathi ukwakhiwa kuyoba cishe kabili inqobo uma kuqhathaniswa esingakanani kuthatha womshini imikhiqizo nge ukunemba 125 Micron. Ngo iningi labantu amacala abakhiqizi ekuqaleni ukhombise ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi ibanikeze ukunemba okukhulu nesivinini.

Udinga ukuba banake uhla izici ngawe ukuba baqonde indlela ezahlukene onobuhle angakhiqiza. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphrinta isakhiwo esikhulu, kungase kudingeke isivinini kahle esikhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ungqimba obukhulu enamathela, ngenkathi isidingo eside ukuze ushintshe ube yijubane eliphansi ngenxa yokuthuthukisa ukunemba ngoba amagiya zokunyathelisa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndlu isesimweni esibi ekahle - kungcono amaphrinta nge ukunemba 150 microns, okuyinto asihambisani kahle ngokunyathelisa ezihlukahlukene izindawo zezimboni noma ibhizinisi lesimanje.

Izingxenye namathuluzi

Ukukhetha okungcono 3D-iphrinta for imvelo yakho, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sinake umugqa izingxenye ezehlukahlukene futhi izinto. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi izimangalo nomkhiqizi kuphezulu kakhulu ukuphrinta ukunemba (kuqhathaniswa kwe-pixel ngayinye ku-iPhone kuyinto microns ezingaphezu kuka-50), kuyilapho umzimba iphrinta empeleni uya kusukela plywood standard, okuyinto ayikuvumeli ukufeza isakhiwo eqinile ukunemba abafanele. Ngokusebenzisa i-Internet ukulandelela lezi nemingcele kunzima, ngaphandle izithombe ezithile futhi ekuhlaziyeni amadivaysi ngokwabo. Inketho engcono - kuyinto ukuxhumana ngqo umthengisi futhi umcele zonke izindaba ezifanele.

izinhlobo plastic

Qiniseka ukuba abhekane nalokho ngoba plastic 3D-amaphrinta kungcono esetshenziswa endabeni ethile. Okuvame kakhulu esikhathini sethu kungenziwa ngokuthi PLA futhi ABS. Ingxenye ethile amaphrinta Ungasebenzisa zombili izinhlobo plastic, kuyilapho amanye amadivayisi ukuhlinzekela kuphela omunye wabo. Nokho, empeleni, ngaphandle kwalabo okukhulunywa ngabo ngenhla angasetshenziswa nezinye embodiments lokuluhlaza, ezihlukahlukene izici ezihlukahlukene ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali, ezifana ukuvutha ebumnyameni, ukushintsha-shintsha, amanzi solubility, amandla yanda, nabanye abaningi.

Ikhono ukunyathelisa plastic ethile kubangelwa khona noma ukungabi khona isiteji ukubonisa idivayisi, esihlinzeka ezahlukene zokusebenza okushisa we extruder futhi esetshenziselwa lwezimpawu ekamelweni design. Uma ungaphenduki ekuqaleni siqiniseke ukuthi iphrinta yakho ekhethiwe kuhlanganisa usekelo uhlobo oluthile epulasitiki udinga ukucacisa esiphezulu esibekiwe nemingcele eziqhathanisa nalabo anconywe plastic ngamunye.

Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye okuhlukile amapulasitiki kukhona awudingi ngokuhamba umsebenzi, kodwa awusoze ukwazi lokhu kusengaphambili. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, uma uthanda ukuba ulinge noma cha thembeke ukwazi ukuthi idivayisi iphinde uyokwenzenjani ukushicilela, kufanele ukhethe 3D-iphrinta, okuzokwenza ukwethula inombolo enkulu okungenzeka sesigcilikisha plastic asekelwe. Ngisho noma lo msebenzi enemisebenzi kudivayisi yakho ekugcineni ngeke adingekayo emsebenzini oyisisekelo, owazi lapho Usazoba usizo yidivayisi jikelele, ngoba kukhona ezihlukahlukene ezimweni ezibucayi.