Medici Chapel, Michelangelo: incazelo kanye nezithombe

Ngo 1421-1428, i-Brunelleschi eyakhelwe indlwana ohlangothini esontweni San Lorenzo (Medici Izindlwana) e Florence. Wayefanele ukuba ethuneni ukuze ukwazi ukuphinde endlini Medici. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu eyikhulu kamuva UPapa Leo X esikiselwa Michelangelo ukuqedela olungaphambili lwesonto yayo. Ngenxa yokuntuleka imali umsebenzi sanqamuka.

Florence Church of San Lorenzo

Ibandla endala e Florence - uyithempeli likaMoya San Lorenzo. Ngonyaka 339 lombhishobhi lanikezelwa St U-Ambrose, Bishop of Milan. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka Romanesque, kodwa yabuye yakhiwa kabusha futhi kabusha abazinikele e 1059. Ngo 1418 the Medici wanquma kabusha ngokuphelele futhi uphathiswe yona Filippo Brunelleschi. Ingaphakathi lethempeli lihlotshiswe imisebenzi Donatello. Izikhulu Chapel saba yindawo yokungcwaba yonke Dukes of the Medici umndeni komugqa wesibili, eziqala Cosimo I. sibekwe obala ngomnotho kanye amandla Medici. Ligcwele zonke amajazi izingalo kwemizi yasesiFundeni Duchy of Tuscany kanye Medici elingenamikhono izingalo ophahleni. Ingaphakathi Lush of sale ndlela yokufekethisa wawenziwa iminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amabili namashumi amabili. Umsebenzi kwenziwa ngokucophelela. Kumelwe ukuba kwakunamabandla ulahla lo Dukes eziyisithupha. Eqinisweni, amabhokisi omkhulu akunalutho futhi ukukhonza kuphela njengoba omngcwabo izikhumbuzo. Eqinisweni, i-Medici bangcwatshwa Crypt. Kuzo zonke sarcophagus e niche odongeni. Labo okwakulindeleke ukuba uhlale Dukes ebaziwe. Nokho, kukhona kuphela ezimbili lesikhumbuzo - kwesithombe uFerdinand futhi Cosimo II. Dome iphindwa Brunelleschi Dome luhlotshiswe izigcawu ezivela eBhayibhelini.

I Crypt nge amathuna. Chapel yezikhulu

Beka ngoba umbhalo Chapel of the Medici kuzoholela ngqo Crypt. Kusuka lapha ungaya Chapel of the Izikhulu kanye okusha sacristy. Crypt amnyama futhi udangele, okwemvelo ethuneni, lapho cishe wangcwatshwa iningi amalungu omndeni Medici, kuhlanganise labo okwakumelwe baphumule ngalo e Chapel wezikhulu. I yokudweba lady highborn esihlalweni esinesithunzi. Lokhu Anna Maria uLuisa de 'Medici, indlalifa lokugcina umndeni, owashona ngo-1743. Washiya ifa elikhulu kwezobuciko Florence lwakubo.

Kubathandi Michelangelo

Ngo-1520, kwathatha ukwakha indlu nge tombstones ngoba Lorenzo le Ezinhle nomfowabo Giuliano, kanye amanye amadodana amabili omndeni Medici: Giuliano, uMbusi Nemours, noLorenzo, uMbusi Urbino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Cardinal Giulio, umzala UPapa Leo X, ufuna ukuphathisa ukwakhiwa umtapo kaMichelangelo. Kufanele uhlale izincwadi okuqondene nawo wonke umndeni, kanye ethathwe yizikhonzi ezahlukene kanye nezinye bibliophiles owaziwa. Medici Chapel kanye okusha sacristy kuwo, nomtapo wezincwadi - izabelo ezimbili ezibalulekile zokuyinhloko oneminyaka engu-45 ubudala, okokuqala kuyodingeka ukubhekana nesimo sesakhiwo.

New sacristy - ingenye amaphrojekthi lathumela, lapho inkosi sebeqedile. It has ukubaza ezingengaphansi kweziyisikhombisa Yenguquko buchopho.

Ukuqalisa

Cardinal Giulio de 'Medici bohlobo lwe-, upapa akhethwe ngaphansi kwegama uClement VII njengombusi ka, ngokuthi Michelangelo eRoma futhi wanikeza inkomba okuqinile ukuthi Chapel of the Medici kufanele igcwaliswe ngaphandle kokulibala. Ufuna ukuba akhazimuliswe eminyaka hhayi ngaphansi kuka UPapa Leo X nababengaphambi kwakhe, Ushiye memory wayezibona abashisekeli bokwakha, ebaziwe nokudweba. Akufanele yini ekhuthaza lezi zithombe endulo, le Medici abadumile, nalabo elisungulwe Florence ohlanga. Kwakumelwe amabili amajuba, akusho dumisa yena isikhulu. Sacristy okusha esontweni San Lorenzo (Medici Izindlwana) kufanele kube eziyinkimbinkimbi olulodwa elidala, ezakhiwe Brunelleschi. Michelangelo wakhulelwa bese walenza eziyinkimbinkimbi oda, cornices, bofeleba, iminyango, niches emathuneni. Yena Ngahlehla imithetho wamukela ngaphambilini namasiko. Medici Chapel ngesicelo uPapa akasenawo ukufaka emathuneni Lorenzo le Ezinhle nomfowabo Giuliano. Indawo udumo kumelwe zime ethuneni UPapa Leo X futhi eyakhe. Abafisa ukuthi akekho ngaphezulu esetshenziswa wayeyisazi Michelangelo, uClement VII njengombusi ahlinzekwa umakhi babe indela kanye nezinwele e-Order of St Francis. Lapho umdwebi wenqaba, ubaba esemnika indlu. Eceleni kwakhe kwakumi indlwana we Medici. Imiholo kudlulwe izikhathi 3 inani bacela Michelangelo.

Michelangelo e Florence

Lokho okwakudingeka akwenze Michelangelo Buonarroti? Medici Izindlwana yafuna ezinwetshiwe yesonto. Kufanele sokuzakhela egumbini ophahleni, ukwakha skylight futhi enze uchungechunge lwezinguquko hhayi ngaphansi kuka umsebenzi okhandlayo. Bese Singakubonisa ucabange into ebaziwe ukuthi umqophi okuhloswe ukuhlobisa emathuneni Giuliano futhi Lorentso Medichi. Lokhu kuzodinga umsebenzi, futhi kungakho imali uClement VII njengombusi.

Dukes ukwakha izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu

Yimiphi imizwa uzobangela Medici Chapel? Michelangelo, hhayi ukukhohlisa yena, wasikisela ukuba lapho izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu usukulungele, uyodumaza labo abafuna ukubona isithombe ezimbili inzalo, njengesifiso somndeni. Ngeke umfuzile. Wayefuna ukwakha abantu abasha, elakhiwe isikhathi sabo hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi siqu nezinselelo zabo ezintsha kwezobuciko. Izithombe zetshe ukunyakaza ukuze zidlulele siyingozi poise ukuthi kwakubonakala sengathi simisiwe emoyeni. Kuzoba indoda amabili anamandla abasha, egcwele enokuthula ngokubabazekayo.

Medici Izindlwana: incazelo

Esikhathini ethuneni we Medici umuntu ewela ezweni elihluke ngokuphelele, kungeyena lowo kwaba emgwaqeni. Wena wafikelwa umuzwa ukudana umuzwa wokuthi ukhona endaweni. Duzane kukhona mbumbulu anolaka, ngoba pilasters amnyama, architraves emafasiteleni ezingavamile, amafasitela ngokwabo, izindonga okhanyayo unike lolu umqondo Ensemble ezikhathazayo ezitaladini ephakathi izikwele. Kuyinto lesi sikhala esifaka umuntu ukusakaza okusheshayo-ogelezayo isikhathi, adalwe Michelangelo. Ithuna ye-master - it is ecabanga esilinganisweni kokuhlukana, kanye nesikhathi esifushane khona ayethunjwe nokuhlanganiswa izakhiwo kanye ebaziwe.

madonna

Ebandleni San Lorenzo (Medici Izindlwana) okusha sacristy libukeka cube khulula ukuthi ebekiwe umqhele egumbini. Umakhi afakwe niches enodonga-agibele amahhashi, nokwanda okuphawulekayo emathuneni. Kubo, wathatha izibalo sculpted zokuphila-size. Kunalokho, wabeka i-altare iqembu sculptural "Madonna nge Ingane" futhi ezungezwe ngayo eziqoshiwe St Cosma e Damiano (Medici abagqugquzeli). Nabo ku ubumba lwakhe imidwebo kwenziwe abafundi. Madonna - isihluthulelo wonke yesonto. Nanguya enhle ngaphakathi igxile. ubuso Madonna sika uthambekele ingane. It ligcwele usizi nosizi. Madonna is zifakwa endaweni ucabangisise ezijulile. Amanya izingubo zakhe ukudala esishubile isinyathelo Rhythmic futhi iyihlanganise ne zonke ifomu yezakhiwo. Usana ifinyelela i wakhe. Wabuye egcwele Dynamics yangaphakathi nezingxabano, okuyinto iyahambisana yonke yesonto. Ukwakheka Chapel Madonna ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinto ubuso bakhe ijamo Giuliano noLorenzo.

Eziqoshwe e niches

Ngaphandle inhlansana yokuthambekela wafana portrait yaphelela ngezingubo zempi esikweni lamaRoma asendulo ahlale izibalo ezimbili ngendlela engokomfanekiso. Nesibindi, Giuliano lisebenza bareheaded esekelwe induku lomyali. Limele ukuthula eleza ngemva kwempi. Kuyinto kungukufanekisa zokuphila kahle. Nakuba umfowabo Lorenzo ungaphakathi nokuzindla ejulile futhi ucabangisisa lifanekisela ukuphila. Ikhanda + lakhe embozwe nangesigqoko lasendulo beseyama isandla sakhe indololwane - ku ebhokisini, okuyinto ufanekisela nomlomo bestial. Kusho ukuhlakanipha ibhizinisi acumen. Yomibili le mifanekiso ukukhathala melancholy. Lekhethelo clenched yabo enikeza umbukeli umuzwa ngokuyinhloko okubangela ukukhathazeka. Isimo ababhekene naso ihora ithuna ngezimpi isiyaluyalu khumbula we Lorenzo le Ezinhle, le izuzisa Italy, lapho kwakukhona ukuthula.

Izinombolo on the lid sarcophagus

Esishelelayo phansi ezitshekile zamabhodlela emathuneni, okumenza Ukulawula kwabo, sculpted allegories ekuseni nakusihlwa ezinyaweni Lorenzo kanye imini nobusuku - e Giuliano. Izimpawu isikhathi egijima excruciatingly ungakhululekile. sibe namandla ngawo ephelele emzimbeni ngezabelo zabo - reified languor nosizi. "Ekuseni" evuka kancane futhi emadolonzima, "Usuku" uphapheme lifiphele futhi kuyakhathaza, "Kusihlwa", tsepeneya, ezumeka, "Ubusuku" is egxilile ubuthongo esindayo ukubuyisa. Hlobo luni zenyoni Chapel of the Medici? "Ubusuku" unyawo usemahlombe isikhova, okungathi uma ezidukayo okuthile ephaphama wakhe. Stone, okuyinto yena lisiphatheleni esandleni sakhe, angawa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi ukuvusa. Ayikho ukuphumula "uBusuku." Lokhu kufakazelwa ephelele usizi imaski esandleni sakhe. Isibalo "Usuku" ufanelwe ukuqashelwa ngoba ukungalandelani isimanga sculpting ngomzimba omuhle futhi kwase nobunzima ujikelezisa ngase ikhanda sesibukeli. Umzimba muhle futhi yona-iphucuziwe, futhi ubuso bakhe babukhangele kancane siyavela, isithombe ngokulambisa ehleliwe. "Usuku" kugcina amathrekhi zomculo kanye nedooformlen kwezobuciko. sibalo Flawed "Ekuseni" futhi "Kusihlwa." Lokhu kwakha bazwakale, ohlala uqaphile usongo. I umqophi wayengesabi qhubeka isikhathi sakhe, ephoqa umbukeli ukuba ucabangisise kahle ngezinselele abuye ahumushe ebaziwe njengoba lutho. Lapha ngaphambi ungumuntu "Ntambama" (Medici Izindlwana). Photo kuqinisekisa okungenhla. Izinombolo ungafuni ukuhlala noma uzizwe. Sekukonke, isikhathi sosuku Medici uqinisekise isiqubulo esithi "» Njalo (Semper), okusho ukuthi ukusebenza njalo ebophekile. Bekanye tinongo intsha allegories ebiyelwe laqanjwa esingunxantathu esitebeleni.

"Esicathama Boy"

Medici Chapel futhi timelessness ethuneni, ehlanganisa indoda yakhe, kwadingeka elinye ebaziwe okuyindlela manje Hermitage. Ibizwa nangokuthi "Umfana uthatha out izwibela." Uma ulethe ngokwengqondo ke emuva yesonto, uzothola ukuthi isikhathi ixhunywe besikhashana elingapheli. Lokhu esifanekisweni ezincane, okuyinto khulula ukungena cube. Yena, efana "Usuku" is hhayi kuqeda ngempela: liye esingakaphothulwa phansi futhi emuva, iphucuziwe. Baby zonke kusontwe ukuze unyawo esaphukileyo, kwaba okungavamile kangaka futhi ezingalindelekile ukuma kwakhe. UMbazi wafuna ekususeni zemabula kuphela kudingekile kakhulu ukubona uma uwela off the isinyathelo, akukho lutho ngabe ukuzehlukanisa. Umfana ebalulekile design jikelele, ngoba - umzuzwana ngesikhathi. Uma Madonna - isikhathi, zomlando, Christian, okuletha ndawonye abantu bangaleso sikhathi, umfana - ngobufushane yakhe. Yena isimo, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana. Izinombolo ngaphansi niches basesimweni esifanayo umjikelezo kuyisikhathi sokushintsha, esikhundleni ngokwabo, emi into ekhethekile. Konke okukhona njengoba genius ekuphileni kwakhe - ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

umtapo Laurentian

Uma ngisebenza okusha sacristy, okuyinto kwaphenduka indlwana esinesithunzi, Michelangelo eyakhelwe umtapo. Ngemva edabula egcekeni ethokomele, ngokusebenzisa kwethempeli ngakwesokunxele, ungathola kuwo. It is kwakusho for the okuqaliswe kuphela. Le ncwadi iqukethe imibhalo yesandla yasendulo, amakhodi aboniswa umbhalo iNhlangano YamaProthestani, eyabe kwaphethwa ngokuthi eMkhandlwini Florence 1439. Kwaqale kwafika egumeni, bese indawo imibhalo yesandla, lapho zingagcinwa nokufunda. Lokhu eside flat grey ukukhanya itshe izindonga. Yokulinda kuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuka kuye, izivakashi azivunyelwe. Azikho eziqoshiwe, kodwa kukhona amakholomu twin ukuthi lalihlehliswa ogangeni. Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa engavamile zemabula ezitebhisini, okuyinto ufana ukugeleza Udaka oluncibilikayo. Yena ongaphambili omise izinyathelo emaweni futhi isimo ezisebenza aphansi kakhulu. Iqala embundwini yokwamukela izivakashi kanye inwebeka kwakha izingxenye ezintathu. Inkosi yena eseRoma, lapho wakha imodeli obumbeni izitebhisi - ukukhangana oyinhloko endaweni yokwamukela izihambi.

Lokhu kuphetha incazelo kokudaliweyo wayeyisazi Michelangelo. Kulesi umsebenzi wokuvelela, waqaphela imibono yakhe ezintsha. Ziyakwazi enemisebenzi ukuze yazuza ukubaluleka ngoba sonke isintu. Ngakho-ke sishintsha Medici Chapel. Medici Florence wathola isikhumbuzo eyaba lesikhumbuzo ukuze edolobheni.