Abaculi Kukryniksy: Ukwakheka kanye biography collective, izithombe

Umculi inhlangano Kukryniksy, amanxusa 30-40-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka imisebenzi yakhe satirical, namuhla cishe ezingakaze zibe khona ezizukulwaneni entsha. Abaculi baye bafeza indima ebaluleke ebalulekile esikweni nezombangazwe eSoviet Union.

VHUTEMAS - iphuzu umhlangano

Ephakeme yobuciko kanye Technical amaWorkshops, wadala ngo-1920 futhi eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengoba VHUTEMAS, ukhiphe inombolo enkulu abaklami abaculi ngubani nomthelela hhayi kuphela isiko Soviet, kodwa futhi washiya uphawu emhlabeni yobuciko.

Ikakhulukazi, sesiqale indlela Kukryniksy abaculi abafika lapha ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene, kodwa iyodwa injongo - ukufunda ukwakha ubuhle. Mikhail Kupriyanov, Porfiry Krylov wahlangana ngo-1922 ngenkathi usebenza kuma esikhiqiza izincwadi zezindaba VKhUTEMAS "Arapotdel". Besayina umsebenzi wabo kanye nokwehla Kukri Krykup. Kamuva kwangena Rookie umfundi UNikolai Sokolov okwase kuyiminyaka ngemvume umsebenzi wakhe wokuba Knicks. Ngakho kwaba khona edumile umculi Kukryniksy. Abafundi abahlanganisiwe nje uthando yobuciko, kodwa futhi umbono jikelele. elementi yabo kwaba ukuhleka, zingabantu oneso elibukhali imigoqo ezihlekisayo ngokoqobo ezizungezile, futhi kwaba isiqalo yabo iphuzu ngokubambisana.

Commonwealth nomqondo

Kukryniksy abaculi - into eyingqayizivele e empucukweni yomhlaba. umsebenzi kanyekanye phezu imisebenzi edingekayo kubo nobuhlobo obuseduze futhi budebuduze ukubukwa. Babemunye yesikhulumi zokudala - Base befuna ukuqonda ezihlekisayo wakufaka izibalo. A indima enkulu ekwakhiweni Commonwealth kudlalwa Mayakovsky, yena komculo imicabango yabo futhi uhlale. Wakhe "se-Windows ukubhinqa Ukukhula" baba eyunivesithi sangempela cartoonist. Imbongi, kakhulu, yabhekisela i team ezithakazelisayo futhi wabacela ukuba ikhiphe isitatimende "bug", futhi kamuva kuzodala uchungechunge imidwebo kulo mkhiqizo. Kulesi umsebenzi acacisa izici indlela yabo kwezobuciko, bahlehla Mayakovsky isibindi, ukunemba kanye Ukuhambisana nesikhathi.

Biography ithimba elihlobene ne-ukudalwa into eyingqayizivele e zobuciko, wabizwa ngokuthi "ukubhinqa omuhle". Indoda yesibili, ngubani kwaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu kwetinhlavu Kukryniksy ayebaba. Akazange nje babasiza ukuba bathole umsebenzi, kodwa wabuye wafundisa lesifanele endleleni yami yokucabanga. Nguye wakhuthaza isithakazelo kwawo kwezombusazwe, futhi wasiza ziqonde umehluko party. The main umsebenzi ensimbi yabo yangempela satirical - bhinqa nezimbabazane. Kwase kuphele amashumi eminyaka kusukela 20s phakathi no kuya 90 sekwephuzile, abaculi babengabangane abakhulu, futhi ikuvumela ukuba basebenze ndawonye.

indlela yobuciko Kukryniksy

Kukryniksy abaculi bakwazi ukwakha ndlela ehlukile abasebenza ucezu. amaqembu Creative khona ngaphambi kwabo, kodwa labo lapho bonke ubuntu zokudala kusulwe egameni ngokuhlanganyela "Mina" umdwebi, akwenzekanga. Basebenza ukuze bezikhali umdali ngasinye kakhulu emkhiqizweni sokugcina. Ngenxa yalokho sobunye obuseduze sekukhona isitayela liyabonakala abaculi satirical ngubani isigcwaliseke ngokuphelele kakhulu amaphosta kanye opopayi, kodwa futhi umehluko ku emidwebweni. Basebenza isiqeshana ngesikhathi, umdvwebo wahamba embuthanweni, beletha kuthintwa yabo kukho, futhi wamukele umkhiqizo ngokuhlanganyela.

Kukryniksy njalo banamathela izimiso ezimbili: isizwe umoya party. Baqonda art njengoba inkonzo kuya Motherland kanye nemizwelo nobuqhawe kwenkathi we 20s, basusa ngokusebenzisa konke ukuphila kwakhe zokudala.

Intuthuko izindlela zokudala

Kukryniksy waqala ukusebenza ndawonye njengoba cartoonist encwadini edumile odongeni iphephandaba "Arapotdel" okuyinto ngqo chwaneka exubile futhi formalist, ukugcizelelwa umugqa party. Kusukela ngo-1924, baye bahileleka imifanekiso imisebenzi yobuciko. Bona wafanekisa abalobi abasha ngisho ukuthuthukisa uhlobo ezifana ukugxekwa representational. Maxim Gorky yabhekisela illustrators engavamile futhi waseluleka ukudweba izindikimba oqondiswe ubuciko ukuphila, hhayi kuphela e-izincwadi. Ekupheleni kwe-20s opopayi Kukryniksy ephrintiwe zonke namajenali tetemibhalo, beze kanye abalobi abaningi. Zahlangana izenzo ezimbi etemibhalo: isithukuthezi, umbhedo, icala. Futhi namhlanje, abaningi opopayi zabo hhayi abalahlekelwe ukuqondana abo.

Kusukela ngo-1925, leli qembu libizwa ngenkuthalo ubambisana abezindaba Soviet, ukushicilela lapho caricatures caustic of ububi obukhulu emphakathini. Kancane kancane udumo zikhula zazo, nezinyoni zonke umfundi, kokuvula iphephandaba, sokuqala wazama imidwebo. Phakathi nale nkathi, ephelelisiwe inqubo yabo, okuhle ikakhulukazi inki yabo imidwebo sharzhevaya, ukuthengisela caustic udonsa atypical yayo ngoba eSoviet cindezela nokucija. uchungechunge zabo ezifana "Ezokuthutha" ephephandabeni "Pravda", waziletha idumela sina. Ziba isetshenziswa kwenkathi.

Eminyakeni eyandulela impi Kukryniksy bazithola uhlobo olusha - amaphosta zezombusazwe. Phakathi nempi, waba isikhali yangempela ekulweni nesitha. Kukryniksy amaphosta ezisiza abantu zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu, ngokuba yithuluzi elinamandla ngemibono kwamandla. poster Lwabo "waphakamisela akuqede futhi abhubhise isitha!" Wabonakala emigwaqweni yezwe ngo-June 1941. Bakhonza lokhokho futhi wadabula wonke impi namasosha e ngesimo amaphosta amapheshana. Babesebenza kuphrojekthi "tass-Windows", okuyinto efomini sephosta ehlanganiswa izindaba bagcina isimo salo isizwe. Ngemva kwempi baye izitifiketi the eNuremberg izilingo futhi kwenziwe umbiko ukubhuqa. Kukryniksy babe zabuna we opopayi Soviet kweqiniso, zazaziwa emhlabeni wonke, wathola imiklomelo eminingi yobuchwepheshe.

Le ndawo yesithathu lapho ukusebenza Kukryniksy kwaba umdwebo. Bona zaveza izigcawu uhlobo, ekumeni, imidwebo izindikimba zomlando, ebeka isisekelo ohlangothini olusha e art - okwangempela sezenhlalo. Phakathi kabusha izwe Kukryniksy ukusebenza okuningi in the press, incwadi ihluzo, upende izithombe. Esikhathini 60s, zakha inombolo enkulu imifanekiso kuya kwamadala Russian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi ngamunye batakhele yabo. Esikhathini 80-90s ngenxa yobudala abaculi zabo abasebenza ngaphansi, kodwa umshado wabo zokudala uye kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila.

umsebenzi Obalulekile Kukryniksy

abaculi Kukryniksy bebelokhu esikhiqizayo, ngoba ngaphansi ipensela yabo futhi ibhulashi kwesokunxele imisebenzi eminingi emangalisayo. The enhle kakhulu, kukhona nalawa: uchungechunge ekumeni satirical "The Face of the isitha", ekuhlanganiseni amathuba ekhululekile we poster kanye Umdwebo Iyizeli, a triptych "ezindala", umfanekiso iqoqo imisebenzi Gogol futhi imisebenzi Gorky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf and Petrov, kanye amaphosta eziningi zeminyaka impi. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama "baphula Museum", "imvelo kwepulani ukuthunjwa eMoscow", "ithuba elihle ufanelwe elinye", kanye zabalingiswa "UTanya", "I-Flight lamaJalimane kusukela Novgorod", "Ukuphela."

Imibukiso namagugu Kukryniksy

Ngo-1932, i-Kukryniksy embukisweni lokuqala, ihlelwe Maxim Gorky. Kukhona okuye kwachazwa yezombangazwe futhi ezifuywayo ikhathuni, imidwebo, incwadi ihluzo. Ngo-1952, Umbukiso esikhulu wawenziwa Academy of Arts zase-USSR, eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ngokugcwele emelelwa Kukryniksy lokusungula, kanye azimele wodwa imisebenzi abaculi okuqondene Association. Ngo-2008, lwalumumethe Umbukiso zokuhlola Kukryniksy.

Cartoonist, ogama ifa ihlobene eduze nomlando likahulumeni waseSoviet, lithole ngokuphindaphindiwe aphakeme isimo imiklomelo kanye nemiklomelo. Umsebenzi wabo lilondolozwe iminyuziyamu elikhulu Russia.

indlela Creative Mikhail Kupriyanov

Mikhail Kupriyanov wazalelwa idolobha elincane elingaseMfuleni i iVolga Tetyushi. Kusukela ebuntwaneni wayemthanda ukudweba, ngineminyaka engu-e Tashkent e Central Art Studios, lapho wathunyelwa esohambweni kwentsha. Ukuze ezifezwayo esikoleni, wathunyelwa ukufunda eMoscow ngo VHUTEMAS, lapho aba khona ilungu Kukryniksy.

ukuphila Independent zokudala Kupriyanov isungule ngempumelelo, waqaphela usezakhele igama njengomqambi umdwebi. Wayethanda uhlobo landscape. Namuhla, owaziwa ngokuba uchungechunge yakhe imidwebo ne ukubukwa kweLeningrad, yoLwandle iCaspian namadlelo ayo.

Waqeda inkambo yakhe ngo-1991.

Umculi Porfiry Krylov

I ilungu lomphakathi Kukryniksy yesibili - Porfiry Krylov wazalelwa e Tula. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wabonisa ikhono kwezobuciko, wafunda e-Art Studio ke wangena VHUTEMAS. Ngaphezu imisebenzi e Kukryniksy, wasebenza njengoba umdwebi, yena zaveza ekumeni, namathafa, namanje Lifes. imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani kule amaqoqo iminyuziyamu eminingi emhlabeni. wakhe indlu-Museum kwavulwa Tula.

Porphyry Nikitich washona ngo-1990.

Umlando okudala UNikolai Sokolov

Muscovite UNikolai Sokolov wafunda art studio ka Proletkult, ngemva kwalokho wangena VHUTEMAS waba ilungu wesithathu Kukryniksy. Sokolov yaphakanyiswa khona njengendaba komdwebi abanamakhono. uhlobo yathe ayeyithanda kwakungu lyrical landscape. Umsebenzi wakhe "izindawo Lermontov sika", "Abramtsevo", "Kusihlwa phezu iVolga" nabanye agcinwa eminyuziyamu engcono eRussia.

Nikolay Sokolov washona ngo-2000.