Kanban - kuyini? Isimiso yokukhiqiza mafutha

Kanban - kuyini? Yeka indlela okuthakazelisa ngayo ulwazi iqukethe ikhadi kanban, futhi yini umsebenzi indlela wenza ekukhiqizeni? Kulesi sihloko thina izochaza imithetho eyiyo kanban, futhi ukunikeza isithombe esicacile isikimu wamamephu okuhlobene isibonelo esikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuhlaziya impahla ngeke sazi ukuthi yini edingekayo kanban ibhodi, lapho izindawo, ngaphezu ukukhiqiza, kungcono ukusebenzisa le ndlela, futhi elingasebenza njengesibuko okunye okuhle kuwo.

Ingqikithi yalo umqondonomboro main izici indlela

Namuhla singaba ukubona egqamile ivame ukwandisa izindleko ukugcina yokusungula, okuyinto isizathu esiyinhloko kumiswa izakhiwo "leso" ukuphathwa, okubhekisele uhlelo kanban. Ngo Japanese, "Kanban" libhekisela "tag", "isithonjana". Leli gama lihlanganisa inkulumo indlela ukwazisa, esebenzisa onikelwa imvume, noma uphawu lwezinga ukukhiqizwa noma ukuqedwa (ukudlulisa) sesimiso silingo.

Samuntu samanje ivumela ukuletha lwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele mafutha yokukhiqiza imigqa by ukusetshenziswa kolwazi amakhadi ngokudlulisa umyalelo othize ukwakha isigaba okwalandela zangaphambilini.

Unjiniyela njengoba uhlelo elikhiqizayo iyona Toyota Motors, waveza umbono yokuchaza ukuthi omunye wabantwana abangabafana imizamo yokuqala ukusebenza nokusebenzisa indlela "ngesikhathi esifanele". Kanban uhlelo zokukhiqiza Kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nale mithetho elandelayo: amayunithi ibhizinisi ayanikezelwa e ngenani elithile kwemithombo kanye isikhathi ecacile kwesikhathi edingekayo ukuze afeze umyalo.

Imininingwane inqubo

Isikimu ethulwa indlela ezinzima elula, ke kunjalo kunomthelela esebenza kahle kakhulu kule nhlangano yenqubo ukukhiqizwa. Ngemva supply amayunithi ibhizinisi yomthombo ngenhlonipho, wenza ukubala eningiliziwe lemali edingekayo umsebenzi oqhubekayo, okuyinto kumele atholakale ngokuqondile esigabeni penultimate (oda esifanayo umkhiqizo osuphelile, ngokulandelana, ke yisinyathelo enqubeni). Ngokufanayo, isicelo senziwa isinyathelo penultimate ukuba isinyathelo odlule kuya ivolumu ezithile ushintsho.

Ngakho, kwakheka isikali zokukhiqiza endaweni ethile ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezilandelayo ukukhiqizwa esiteji. Kunengqondo ukuthi phakathi izigaba ezimbili inqubo ukukhiqizwa, esemgwaqweni kamakhelwane, efakwe a double isixhumanisi lwemsebenti:

1. Nge esigabeni n-th phezu n-1 iyadingeka ( "wadonsa") lemali edingekile of oqhubekayo.
2. Nge esigabeni n-1-th we n-th isiteshi imithombo yemvelo impahla ngesilinganiso esifanele.

amathuluzi yokudlulisa ulwazi

Ukuze uqonde kangcono kanban - kuyini, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ithuluzi ukudluliswa kwedatha ohlelweni amakhadi ezikhethekile, okuyinto zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:

1. Amathuluzi ukuthi zihlobene ngokuqondile oda zokukhiqiza. Kulesi hlobo amakhadi kwasekuqaleni kubonisa isibalo izingxenye okufanele zenziwe ngesikhathi esiteji yangaphambili inqubo ukukhiqizwa. Aya esigabeni n-th ukukhiqizwa kwe-n-1 esiteji futhi sikhonze njengoFakazi isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo ukukhiqizwa lezi zindawo.
2. Ukukhetha amathuluzi unikeze ulwazi kuze kube sezingeni elidingwa elinama imvelo imithombo (lapha zihlanganisa imikhiqizo Semi-siphelile, izinto, izingxenye, njll) ukuthi kumelwe zithathwe ngaso esigabeni odlule yokuhlangana. Lolu hlobo lwekhadi isibonisi isisetshenziswa lemali, ekwamukelweni n-th isigaba ohlelweni ukukhiqiza kusukela n-1 Julayi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ikhadi kungaba aluka hhayi kuphela maqondana nengqalasizinda yangaphakathi ibhizinisi, kodwa futhi phakathi kwamagatsha awo noma izinkampane ukuthi ukusekela ukubambisana.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokuyikho of kanban - kuyini?

Tayiti Ono, umongameli we-Toyota Motor Corporation, uye wazakhela Lisethi lemigomo ezenza kahle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kanban:

• ukusebenza Okwalandela maqondana nomsebenzi zezimboni uyahoxa ivolumu izingxenye, kusho ikhadi, kusukela ukusebenza esandulele.
• ukusebenza Ukukhiqiza, okuyizinto phambi, ngokuhambisana ukudalwa izingcezu ngobungako kanye ukulandelana equkethe ikhadi ethile.
• Azikho imininingwane yokuthi kungadalwa ngaphandle ikhadi. Leli lungiselelo ivumela zokunciphisa ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele kanye ukunyakaza ngokweqile imikhiqizo. Ngakho, ivolumu amakhadi, ngokuhlala ejikelezayo, okulingana kunombolo esitokisini.
• Ikhadi - umyalo okwenza umkhiqizo (lezimpahla noma kunjalo unamathele ikhadi okuhambisanayo).
• Izingxenye kokuba isici ayikwazi idluliselwe inqubo okwalandela. Lesi simo siholela ukukhululwa imikhiqizo kakhulu kungapheleli-DRM.
• Ukunciphisa inani amakhadi kwandisa ukuzwela kwabo. Ngakho, ukuphuma izinkinga ezikhona kanye eyenziwa ukulawula yokusungula.

Izici ekhadini isicelo

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, Kanban ukuphathwa wenziwa iphethini letsite, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa amakhadi ezikhethekile. izidingo Ngakho, ngokuhamba ukusetshenziswa kwawo kumelwe ukuba lusebenze ngokugcwele ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka ngokuphelele futhi ukubonakala esiphezulu ohlelweni: iqedwe ngokuphelele ukulahlekelwa amakhadi, kanye kuhlangana kwabo.

Sithuthukise indlela ephumelelayo ngaso endow esiphezulu umkhiqizo Kanban uhlelo. Ibhodi le ndlela ukhonza njengephayona indawo esebenzayo amakhadi iqoqo, njengoba kunjalo ngokuvamile abasebenzi emsebenzini zisebenzisa amathuluzi eziningana ezahlukene. Ngakho, amakhadi, ngokuhlala umenzi, ezibekwe ebhodini control. Futhi lapho esanda wathola amathuluzi ikhadi ukufinyelela emkhakheni "isiqalo", isiqalo nesigcino ingxenye inombolo ezifanele amakhadi sidlulile ukuqaliswa eminye yenqubo ukukhiqizwa.

Izinzuzo usebenzisa indlela kanban - kuyini?

Amabhizinisi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo CANBAN Kwenziwa supply nsuku zonke izinto ezibonakalayo (nezikhathi ngokuvamile eziningana phakathi nosuku). It ikuvumela ukuba ubuyekeze ngokugcwele ezikhona cishe 100-300 izikhathi phakathi nonyaka. Uma siqhathanisa nge kanban izinhlelo ezifana MRP noma MAP, esimweni samanje ishintsha cishe izikhathi 10 kaningi.

Ingabe kufanelekile kanban izibonelo ukulinganisa indlela, okwembula inzuzo yayo ngokuphelele phezu kwezinye, ezingatheli. Ngakho, Toyota Motors Corporation omunye ezindaweni eziningi ukukhiqizwa ngo-1976, usinika imithombo kathathu ngosuku, futhi ngo-1983 - kakade njalo ngemva kwemizuzu eyishumi.

Kanban ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa nezitolo ezinkulu (ikakhulukazi kwakheka lesi sitoko). Ngakho, umthengi okuthunyelwa ukukhethwa esitolo kanban, othi, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, inani umkhiqizo, futhi esitolo ikunika icacisa inombolo yezinto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ithumela kuya esuphamakethe uhlangothi umthamo wemvula umphakeli kanban, ngemva kwalokho umphakeli ithumela imikhiqizo esitolo.

Izakhi eziyisisekelo indlela

Yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu kohlelo kanban zimi kanje:

1. eziyinkimbinkimbi Imininingwane, equkethe e oyiyo hhayi kuphela amakhadi, kodwa futhi amashadi ekukhiqizeni, ezokuthutha noma resupply ubunjalo nezobuchwepheshe ukuma amabalazwe.
2. Isakhiwo kokuba maqondana ngqo ukuze izidingo ukulawula futhi ukujikeleza ozimele efanele.
3. Inxanxathela, okuvumela ukuba lelisu jikelele (TQM) futhi uyakhetha ( "Jidoka") ukulawula izinga umkhiqizo.
4. Isakhiwo okuyinto ofeza ukuqondanisa eliphelele ukukhiqizwa.

izakhi Kwethulwa isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungaba kuzuzwe esifishane umjikelezo zokukhiqiza, ephezulu ezingeni inzuzo amafa (t. H. Inventory) futhi ukuqeda noma kuholele ubuncane isitoreji izindleko kokubili ukukhiqizwa futhi yokusungula , futhi-ke, sifinyelele aphakeme izinga umkhiqizo ngamunye iingaba zekambiso ukukhiqizwa.

Okumbi kohlelo kanye nemiphumela yayo

Njenganoma iyiphi uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa "ngesikhathi esifanele" sinikezwe abanye downsides. Okokuqala, kuba nobunzima yokuhlela wokudidiyela ephezulu ezingeni phakathi izigaba ukukhiqizwa umkhiqizo.

Okwesibili - amathuba okulimala ukwehluleka inqubo ukukhiqizwa, ngokulandelana, futhi yokuthengisa imikhiqizo. Noma kunjalo, analysis eningiliziwe imikhuba ngamazwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa le ndlela wabonisa ukuthi lesi simiso samanje kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba sinciphise ezikhona ngesigamu, futhi ukuhweba - by 8%, nge ukushesha abalulekile inzuzo kokusebenza kanye, yebo, ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokubandula umkhiqizo osuphelile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kanban akugcini inqubo ukukhiqizwa. Ngakho, uhlelo ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe ehhovisi futhi iphrojekthi imisebenzi, izinhlelo (kukhona lahlukene ukuthuthukiswa kanban), kanye ukufeza imiphumela yomuntu (uhlobo siqu kanban).