Izimfihlakalo izilwandle. Izakhamuzi zezwe kwamanzi

Komkhathi engapheli yamanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi bakhangwa futhi bethukile indoda ngesikhathi esifanayo. amatilosi anesibindi eya khona ukuhamba kusesho okudalwa ukungazi. Abaningi izimfihlakalo izilwandle ezingaxazululeki namuhla. Hhayi lutho phezu nabasebenzi bocwaningo ungezwakala ukuthi hydrosphere incane kahle wafunda kuka ebusweni satellite eMhlabeni zemvelo. Leli yiqiniso, ngoba ezingeni lolwazi amanzi olwandle global ingeqi 5%.

Oceanic

Ukutadisha olwandle olujulile waqala kuneNingizimu inkositini expanses cosmic futhi imithala ekude. Wadala amadivayisi kungaba ehlise ngumuntu iya esikhungweni ukujula eside. nobuchwepheshe athuthukiswe kanye izinhlelo kwamanzi kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi. Le ndawo olwandle nokujula yayo bukhulu kangangokuthi lapho befunda, kukhona zazakhiwa izinhlobo eziningi submersibles.

Ngemuva kokwenza i-indiza yokuqala bavimba emkhathini ngo-1961, ososayensi baye amandla aphonswe ekutadisheni yonke. Izimfihlakalo izilwandle kuhambile ngasendleleni, ngoba uthole kubo beyibonakala nzima nakakhulu. Saqalisa uhlelo isifundo wezilwandle ziye simisiwe noma encishisiwe.

izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo

Abacwaningi etholwe nokwaziswa mayelana nokuba khona kwe-phansi olwandle emifuleni kwamanzi. Okunye hydrocarbon compounds ngokusebenzisa ufa in ungqimba lomhlaba zitholakala ngaphansi emanzini, exutshwe futhi wathutha. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ukuthi kungani kuthiwa "kokuziphatha abandayo." Nokho, izinga lokushisa yegesi hhayi ngaphansana amanzi ezizungezile.

Underwater River - akulona ngeqiniso elithakazelisayo kuphela. Le ndawo kwezilwandle omkhulu kangangokuthi lifihliwe ngaphansi eziningi imfihlakalo. Ucwaningo luthole ogwini 7 izimpophoma kwamanzi ngobukhulu kokweqa analogs eyaziwa ezweni. ukunyakaza okunjalo ongavamile amanzi kubangelwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• okushisa ahlukene kwabo amanzi ;
• ukuhlukanisa usawoti;
• khona nesimo sendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi we ebusweni phansi.

Inhlanganisela zonke lezi zici kubangele ukunyakaza amanzi nge kwabantu okukhulu, okuyinto odlula phansi.

Dairy nolwandle zamanga phansi

Glow olwandle amnyama isikhala ngokuthi "ezilwandle Milky". Abacwaningi ngokuphindaphindiwe eqoshiwe izenzakalo ezinjalo ku ifilimu. Kukhona yemibono eminingi ecatshangelwayo efuna ukuchaza kubo, kodwa ushayele Imbangela amanzi kukhanya akekho ikani. Ngokusho komunye wabo, "Ubisi Yasolwandle" - yinhlanganisela enkulu nezilwanyana ezincane Fluorescent. Impahla ziyavutha ebumnyameni futhi ube ezinye izinhlanzi olwandle.

phansi Amanga - omunye mkhuba ongaqondakali, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi isayensi ibhekene. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke sihlehlela emuva 1942, lapho ososayensi besebenzisa sonar ikhombe ngesikhathi amakhulu amamitha 4 engavamile ungqimba lembhali amasignali acoustic ukujula. ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi lesi sendlalelo ebusuku antante phezulu emanzini, futhi kokusa ingamamitha futhi. ososayensi ukuqagela isikuqinisekisile lesi simanga wadala ocean isilwane - squid. Bona abathandanga elangeni futhi sindize becasha emanzini ajulile. amaqoqo Okuwugqinsi zalezi zinto musa ukudlulisa amaza omsindo.

amadivaysi Acoustic ibuye ithumba amagagasi ongaziwa umsindo okuvela nasemifantwini ephansi olwandle. Zitholakale ku 90 yokuqala yekhulu XX. Emva kwesikhashana amadivayisi ayisekho uthwebule lesi simanga. Nakulokhu futhi, umsindo uvele ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, ngokuba ukhula wehlukile. Ososayensi abakwazi ukhombise umthombo wabo kanye imbangela.

I Bermuda unxantathu

Zikhona nezinye izimfihlo kwezilwandle, kwabangela ukwesaba phakathi kumuntu ovamile. Ezindaweni ezithile baphelelwa izitsha lomoya nolwandle, kanye nabantu, kukhona whirlpools giant futhi kubonakala imibuthano shining. Abaningi abake bakuzwa oluyimfihlakalo Bermuda Triangle, lapho kukhona zonke lezi zenzakalo. Area indawo mayelana 1 Mill. ^Km2. Bezwa ngalokhu esifundeni ongaqondakali waya emva ukunyamalala izindiza zempi ngo-1945 Bakwazi ukuba adlulisele ulwazi elahlekile orientation emkhathini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwaba inqwaba izimo ezifanayo.

La machashazi abizwa wafunda bakufaka phambili nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene ukuthi zizama ukuchaza kubo. Abaningi babo mbumbulu ngokwesayensi futhi ayikwazi sithathwe kalula. Omunye izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu iye kwakuzwakala D. Monaghan. Wabona isizathu e amahlukuzo hydrocarbon nezinye amagesi esimweni okuqinile ngesikhathi kusuka ekujuleni kolwandle. I okuqhubekayo izinqubo zomhlaba ezithinta zona. Ngenxa yalokho, ketshezi ludlulele ngaphakathi isimo gaseous futhi Mhlangano kobuso amanzi.

Inkantolo waya phansi, ngoba kwabantu amanzi kakhulu kwehle. Aircraft elahlekile orientation ngaphansi isenzo amagesi. Movement of hydrocarbon emanzini kudala infrasound, elibangela kubantu isimo ukwethuka. Lokhu kwesaba engenza team amandla ngokugcwele wokubaleka umkhumbi. Lena indawo eliyimfihlakalo expanses enkulu yamanzi hhayi kuphela. Yiziphi ezinye izimfihlo kwezilwandle kuyodingeka ukwembula ososayensi Akekho owaziyo.

izwe kwendle

Ngaphansi kwamanzi ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo bukhoma nge ukubukeka engavamile. Ezinye zazo anobuthi, kanti abanye bathi akunangozi neze. An ezihlukahlukene Amazing ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi ayilingani, kanye kumadivayisi engavamile, ngayo nefunda ngayo lezi zilwane zingaphansi simaskwe ocean noma inyamazane. Phakathi ingxenye ongaqondakali kunayo elikhulu ingwane 13 m ubude. Lokhu owakhileyo ezweni kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa lens ikhamera ithole muva. Ngokwezazi ezithile, usayizi waso kungaba olukhudlwana, kuze 18 m. Equal ngamandla kuye kuphela isidoda imikhomo ushaka polar.

ekujuleni Sea babe izakhamuzi eziningi ezilwane ezingenamgogodla futhi microbial ukuthi phansi ngokoqobo yamachashazi. Ukudla them is organic, okuyinto ifafazwa phezu kwabo. Izinkinga isixazululekile ngu olwandle nabakhileyo kuyo, isibonelo, indaba kabusha izinsalela eziphilayo. Ukuhlaziya izici izilwandle, ososayensi bathola amagciwane shí ngaphansi iphansi lalo. Uhlala ngaphansi trehsotmetrovoy sedimentary ungqimba ezigidi zeminyaka.

kwamakhorali

Kwamakhorali siphila ekujuleni-6 km - umbono ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngaphansi ungqimba ezinjalo lokushisa lamanzi aliphumi ngenhla + 2ºC. bobukhazikhazi yabo ayikho kunabayeni labo sibona nje kwamanzi angajulile aleli kwezilwandle ezishisayo. Impilo ka-la magciwane kwenzeka kancane, futhi indawo enkulu kakhulu.

Ukuze siqonde ubukhulu ukusatshalaliswa yabo yatholakala kuphela ngemuva kokusebenzisa trawls. Ocean izinhlanzi waqala sabanjwa indlela enjalo ngesihluku ukuthi Deplete le ekostrukturu phansi. Vala Norway, kwatholakala indawo enkulu zokuhlala kwabo. It has an endaweni ^{km2 100.}

ezingaphansi kolwandle izimangaliso

Omunye semvelo kutholwe ososayensi endaweni iziphethu kwamanzi ashisayo, lapho amanzi abilayo Kuqubuka ngaphansi ungqimba lomhlaba olwandle. Insimu is agcwele ezihlukahlukene ezingenamgogodla nezinto ezincane eziphilayo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinhlanzi. amagciwane Found Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuphila emanzini eligeleza lokushisa 121ºC.

Ulwandle luthatha 70% ebusweni iplanethi yethu. Ososayensi baye bathola eziningi imihlola ezithakazelisayo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kwikholomu yakhe. Nokho, ukuze axazulule impicabadala eyinhloko ulwandle Kusafanele.