SIP-wefoni - kuyini? Inthanethi zefoni (IP-telephony): Izibuyekezo

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthandwa okukhulu atholwe SIP-wefoni. Hlobo luni lokwaziswa ejwayelekile? Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi ekuhleleni software kanye hardware izixazululo ukusetshenziswa ngokufanele kuzo? Kwezinye izimo, lokho kuxhumana ngconywana uma ziqhathaniswa bendabuko, kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa ifoni njalo? Manje sizohlola lezi nezinye izinkinga.

amagama

SIP-wefoni - kuyini? Yiziphi izici zayo lobu buchwepheshe? IP-wefoni - ke kuyafana? Konke kuncike indlela for ngezigaba ukuxhumana amazinga, okuyinto sithatha njengesisekelo. Iningi lazo namuhla amane.

Ngokusho ngowokuqala, SIP kanye ne-IP wefoni - a esingezansi imiqondo yomhlaba wonke. Yini? Abanye ochwepheshe basibiza ngokuthi "yisikhathi telephony Inthanethi", abanye - "VoIP ubuchwepheshe", ngezwi phezu IP - izwi phezu IP, lasesizindeni se-intanethi. IP-telephony has, ngesisekelo lo mqondo, bokuthi - ukuvala nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kwakwakhe SIP-esekelwe evulekile yezifiso kwakwakhe.

Le ndlela yokwenza yesibili kuhilela SIP-uxhumano - inketho wangasese umqondo capacious ngaphezulu osithathayo isinyathelo-IP wefoni. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uma kuziwa ukuvala Izivumelwano uxhumano ukuthi owaziwa ngalo ngesisekelo brand sokusebenzisana software kanye hardware izixazululo enikelwa kumsebenzisi wokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Skype, i-Google Voice, njll Ngakho, ubuchwepheshe evulekile - .. Ingabe SIP-wefoni.

Incazelo wesithathu uthi zombili lezi zinhlobo inqubo ukukhula okungokwemvelo ezokuxhumana emakethe eqinisweni omunye futhi iqembu elifanayo ubuchwepheshe, okungukuthi labo esekelwe ogxile hardware izixazululo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ebujameni kakhulu ingasetshenziswa njengendlela omqondofana. Nabo baphinde kuyaphikisana ngokuyinhloko isofthiwe izindlela zokuxhumana - elifanayo amasevisi Wezwi Skype ne-Google.

Incazelo wesine, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona umehluko phakathi imiqondo SIP- kanye ne-IP wefoni, okusekelwe umehluko ngenhloso yokwakha ezifanele zokuxhumana ingqalasizinda. Njengoba umthetho, SIP-amazinga ukuvumela ukuhlela ejwayelekile yocingo amanethiwekhi neqoqo ebanzi imisebenzi ehlobene ukudlulisa, wasebenzisa umshini yokuphendula, nokunye. D. IP-telephony ikuvumela ukwakha ingqalasizinda ezining zalokhu. Ngakho, inethiwekhi kungenziwa exhunywe hhayi kuphela izingcingo ATS, kodwa futhi lesi simiso "smart indlu", noma labo amadivayisi angakwazi kuyothwalwa kuyiswe esigabeni "Inthanethi sezinto. '

izici technology

Kuyini bokuthi eliphelele lapho libhekene SIP-Inthanethi yefoni-hlobo? Mhlawumbe, lena nokuvuleka, ukubandakanywa khulula, bashintshashintshe imibiko yakho. Kule ndaba, sikunikeza ongakhetha ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: "? SIP-wefoni - kuyini":

- VoIP-ukuxhumana olandelwayo evulekile;

- IP wefoni, okusekelwe ubuchwepheshe khulula;

- ikakhulukazi isixazululo hardware (okufana kakhulu ifoni njalo);

- uhlelo lapho umsebenzi esivamile "ucingo" lwedivayisi.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo siyiqaphele ukuthi ngalinye lala ukutolika kungaba yiqiniso (kanye babe izikhalazo ezivela IT-ochwepheshe abanamathela nezinye ngeengaba ukuthi asizange ecacisiwe, kodwa lapho). Kodwa umbandela eziyisisekelo isicelo iphuzu lokuqala - okubhekisele nokuvuleka kwe nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana.

Kungani-SIP-wefoni?

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo izici ubuchwepheshe ezifana SIP-sefoni (kuyini, iziphi izici zako), sikwazi uzama ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani kuba isimiso ezingadingekile. Kungcono ngaphandle ejwayelekile yocingo uxhumano (uma sikhuluma implementations hardware ubuchwepheshe) noma i-Skype, i-Google Voice (correlative roomates nge amakhambi e-software)? Ochwepheshe ukukhomba izici ezilandelayo yokuxhumana ngokusebenzisa ka SIP-:

1. Amanani compounds ngokuvamile aphansi ukwedlula uma usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza commercial avaliwe.

2. kulungiselelwa Okuningi nezimo (ezimweni eziningi) e-SIP-izinhlelo, uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni yenkampani. imishini Cycling futhi isofthiwe zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela SIP-uhlelo Analogue PBX egcwele. Kulokhu, izindleko ekusebenziseni izixazululo ezifanele kuyoba uhlasela aphansi.

3. ikhono lokuthola namakholi angenayo izinombolo yasendlini. I-Skype efanayo ngokuyinhloko igxile wengxoxo Inthanethi abasebenzisi, ngasinye sazo ukulayishwa ngohlelo, futhi isebenza kwimodi "intanethi". Abanaso anawo inombolo yefoni ngefomethi ngamazwe (uma ungazange wayala "virtual"). Ukushayela ocingweni, usebenza e-SIP-system, kungenzeka nge uhlelo ezivamile, kanye neselula. Kulokhu, lapho ezimbili ongakhetha kukhona. Emfanekisweni wokuqala esetshenziswa inombolo ukufinyelela olunikezwa SIP-umhlinzeki, futhi i-ID umsebenzisi eyingqayizivele. Esimeni sesibili, i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi ixhunyaniswe "virtual" inombolo ngqo ukuthi libukeka nje ucingo ejwayelekile ngefomethi ngamazwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inani "virtual", noma umhlinzeki ophakanyisiwe akanalo langempela geo-lwetikweleti. Lezi kungaba ukufaka ikhodi ukuthi kuyisici sobuntu ezweni elithile noma idolobha, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi umsebenzisi kufanele zibe izixhumanisi ezifanele.

Izinzuzo SIP-wefoni

Ngakho, izinzuzo main of the SIP-wefoni ukuze ekhaya noma ehhovisi, lapho eqhathaniswa standard ( "analog") zokuxhumana, njengoba kulandela:

- amanani eshibhile (futhi ezimweni eziningi - imishini);

- ukungabikho "hlanganisa" endaweni ethile (ungakwazi ukuxhumana nomaphi lapho Inthanethi).

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, izinzuzo SIP-ubuchwepheshe kuqhathaniswa amakhambi e-software, ezifana Skype, imi kanje:

- eshibhile ezimweni eziningi, ubiza emafonini njalo;

- ikhono ukwamukela izingcingo ezivela kumadivayisi isilungisiwe.

Izimiso wokusebenza kwe-SIP-wefoni

Kanjani e-SIP-wefoni? Ilungiselela SIP-uxhumano - kungaba eziyinkimbinkimbi? Izimiso kokubili silula.

Imisebenzi yalolu hlobo uxhumano. I zokubhalisa nerejista ukulandisa kwakhe ngezinkulumo umhlinzeki SIP-wefoni noma i-ISP. Uthola i-oda, njengoba sishilo ngenhla, inani siqu ku-SIP-system. Njengomthetho, kuba idijithi nanhlanu le (kodwa kungase kube nezinombolo ezingaphezulu). Njengoba ngokushesha ngemva kokuna umsebenzisi ngosizo isofthiwe ekhethekile, noma ngocingo, ingashintshwa ukuze SIP-ubuchwepheshe, ukuxhuma kwi-akhawunti yakho, ungenza noma wamukele izingcingo.

Njengoba for amakholi aphumayo, yonke into ilula: kumelwe senze sengathi kwaba ezandleni umsebenzisi ifoni okuvamile (athole inombolo oyifunayo ngefomethi international). On ethola ucingo kancane more xaka. Kukhona izikimu ezimbili - usebenzisa inombolo yocingo virtual ngaphandle kwalo. Uyini umehluko? Esimweni sokuqala sithenga inombolo kusuka kumhlinzeki efanayo noma ezinye umhlinzeki ngokukhethekile ukuthengisa kubo (noma, ngokuvamile, yihambise "iqashwe" ku imigomo imali yelayisensi), bese nakho kabusha ku-SIP-inombolo. Isakhiwo yokugcina simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: kuqala, kukhona inombolo ngamazwe format ukufinyelela, okuyinto is owned by umhlinzeki. Isibonelo, lokhu: +7 495 7776675 (manje Zadarma ethandwa). Khona - "extra" futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inombolo yefoni siqu. Endabeni ke ngokuvamile Zadarma idijithi emihlanu. Phakathi ekujuleni kwenhliziyo kanti inombolo yesibili ngesofthiwe izilungiselelo Ukuqondisa kabusha ngokuvamile babeka izimpawu misa isikhashana - k.

Call, Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa inombolo virtual - uma ucingo ngokuzenzakalelayo kabusha ku-akhawunti. Noma sebenzisa inombolo ukufinyelela i-ISP, plus ezengeziwe - lowo kuboshelwe akhawunti zokubhalisa. Kuncike Yiqiniso, lowo muntu inthanethi nge uhlelo noma idivayisi esekela SIP-izingcingo.

I-kungenzeka SIP-wefoni

Indlela ewusizo ongakhetha SIP-wefoni ungasebenzisa emsebenzini? Kunezinto eziningi ongakhetha. Cabangela lesi sibonelo lapho SIP-inombolo ingasetshenziswa ezabelweni zakwamanye amazwe alternative ezimangalisayo efonini izingcingo ezibizayo usebenzisa ifoni njalo.

SIP-opharetha abasebenza Russia, emisa ngokubambisana neNhlangano kwezilwandle. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi amakhasimende abo ingakwazi ezifanele nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, ngenkathi phesheya. Kungenzeka, ngokukhethekile, sibonga ukwethulwa umkhuba international i-elementi ezifana ikhodi ye-SIP-server.

Ikhodi ye-SIP-iseva

Kuyini lokhu? Iqiniso liwukuthi-ke kuvumela ababhalisile Russian endaweni kwelinye izwe, ubiza aye emzini wakhe, usebenzisa inani-ISP zendawo, hhayi iqiniso ukuthi usebenza WaseRussia.

Isibonelo elula. Singabantu, isibonelo, e-Italy. Mhlawumbe kudingeka ukubiza eRussia ngakolunye SIP-inombolo (inqobo ngakwesokunene - kuphela umile, isibonelo, ehhotela, yocingo). Thina ungafona ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Shayela inombolo umngane, usebenzisa Russian uHlelo Lokungena Emibikweni Ye ikhodi. Uma lokhu Zadarma, izibalo zimi kanje: + 7 495 7776675. Bese ufaka idijithi emihlanu-inombolo yefoni. Kodwa-ke kungenzeka inhlekelele kithi kakhulu. Izingcingo iNtshonalanga Yurophu musa ihluke cheapness eRussia.

2. Call umngane, kunokuba usebenzise Russian ukufinyelela okulingana izinombolo - kodwa umhlinzeki wendawo. Futhi ngokuhlanganyela Zadarma ikhodi ye-SIP-server. Inombolo ukufinyelela ISP wendawo ungafunda ngebhayisikili izinsiza isiqondiso okuhambisanayo - lapho ungacacisa izwe nedolobha sikuphi. Ake sithi kukhona eTurin. Bese ukhetho engcono kungaba: + 39-011-19887800. Ikhodi ye-SIP-kuseva Zadarma sifunda khona lwemibhalo. Yena ezine kahle kulula ukukhumbula - 9791.

Indlela ukubiza? Okokuqala athole inombolo eTurin ukufinyelela. Khona-ke aphethwe kokuhlaba ikhefu emfushane bese ufaka ikhodi Zadarma SIP-server. Bese - inombolo idijithi emihlanu we-akhawunti ye-umngane wethu.

Amakholi amanye amazwe khulula

Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, ezihambayo umuntu ukubheka ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe njengoba SIP-wefoni - Silinganisa ucingo. Bayoba? Cishe, ephansi. Njengoba sikubiza ehhotela eTurin nesibalo edolobheni efanayo, ubuhlobo bungaba khulula. Udluliselwa nenombolo Italy ukufinyelela ikhodi ye-SIP-iseva isiRashiya, ngokuhambisana izivumelwano nezinye inkampani, icala. Engenayo izingcingo kwenye inombolo, cishe futhi imahhala (uma akasebenzisi Ukuqondisa kabusha). Ngenxa yalokho socingo, thina noma bamshaya noma ukhokhe izindleko okuncane kakhulu ucingo wendawo enombolweni eTurin, okuyinto thina singayisebenzisa kanjani ngokuphumelelayo ehhotela. Simelene into eyingqayizivele: esinayo komhlaba jikelele, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, nge awokuthi free, SIP-wefoni.

Non-uhlobo iNUM

Sathi, ngenxa ukubiza umuntu akasebenzisi ISP ukufinyelela ifoni ongase ungabonakali unothando elula kakhulu, kungenzeka, ngebhayisikili inombolo "virtual". Nokho, esanda kutholakala, abasebenzisi Russian siyindlela lwesithathu ukushaya izingcingo etholakalayo. Linomqondo ukubandakanywa "global" inombolo yocingo iNUM. Kuyini ngokucacile yayo?

inombolo iNUM wangena e ukusetshenziswa inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ITU. Ngomqondo onabile, kungaba kubhekwe uhlobo inombolo virtual. Wayehlala njalo iqala ikhodi 883 (510), kanti lo mthetho iwukuba bonke ababhalisile exhunywe kulo okufanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaluphi uhlanga kanye indawo langempela yezwe. izinombolo iNUM angakhupha opharetha wendawo kwe-SIP-wefoni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhokhiswa amakholi aphumayo ukuba iNUM kusuka amafoni fixed kukhona akuthandeki. Ezimweni eziningi, kuba ushibhile, uma umuntu - inombolo yocingo kazwelonke. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi okufana iNUM ezinjani kuphela uma ucingo isetshenziswa ehlelweni SIP-wefoni noma SIP-idivayisi. Ideal - uma bobabili axhunyiwe kubanikezeli efanayo. Kodwa ngisho noma lokhu akunjalo - akusiyo ezibucayi. Izimali yamakholi ezinjalo azibona njengoba eliphezulu ukuthi we fixed inethiwekhi opharetha abahlinzeki besevisi ezifana MTS noma "Rostelecom". SIP-wefoni, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, libhekene ngokuyinhloko aphansi ukuxhumana izindleko, uma kuqhathaniswa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko. Kwezinye izimo, amanani yamakholi ukuba iNUM izinombolo sibuthaka kakhulu e VoIP-amasevisi - le Skype efanayo, i-Google eminingi analogue.

SIP-sefoni kanye hardware izixazululo

Masicubungule isici ukusetshenziswa kwe-SIP-zokuxhumana besebenzisa amasu hardware. Yiziphi izixazululo lapha, ungasebenzisa? Ochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuthi amaqembu amathathu alandelayo:

1. Ukusebenzisa SIP-isicelo kumadivayisi eselula. Kulokhu, ukuqaliswa hardware ubuchwepheshe elizoba smartphone noma ithebulethi. Okudingekayo okuxhumana amaseshini - kuyinto esitebeleni inthanethi. Ngalesi ijubane hhayi kudingeka okusezingeni eliphezulu. Njengomthetho, eliphezulu zokuxhumana ngezwi isiteshi okwanele 100-200 kbit / s. Nikeza okungcono ukuzinza Wi-Fi kwakwakhe (nge mbandela ukuthi "basakaza" router exhunywe kwi-DSL noma fibre isiteshi) kanye 3G 4G-amazinga.

2. Ukusebenzisa SIP-kumadivayisi. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga bheka nse amafoni evamile analog. Ilungiselela SIP-ukufinyelela senziwa (naphezu yokuntuleka iningi interface izinhlelo) Kulula ngokwanele - ngokuvumelana imanuwali enamathiselwe, kanye lemifishane nge umhlinzeki isayithi. Lapho ukhetha idivaysi ezifanele kubalulekile ukuthenga eyodwa ukuthi iyahambisana ukufinyelela inthanethi ubuchwepheshe. amafoni eziningi zanamuhla zisebenzisa i-Wi-Fi uxhumano.

3. Usebenzisa SIP-adaptha. Lezi amadivayisi ukunikeza "umxhumanisi" phakathi ezivamile, amafoni analog, isiteshi Inthanethi (ngokuvamile iyafana-Wi-Fi-kwakwakhe). Abanye onobuhle zabo ukusekela uxhumano kanyekanye kocingo eziningana.

Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ukusizakala ngamathuba amaningi e-SIP-wefoni futhi usebenzisa ikhompuyutha exhunywe kwi-Inthanethi. izinhlelo ezifanele akuvumela ukuba wenze futhi wamukele amakholi e inqubo yokuxhumana namanye SIP-ababhalisile noma abantu abajabulela ucingo njalo.

Isimo eyinhloko ukusebenza wonke amafomethi ezintathu zokuxhumana - ukuba khona esitebeleni inthanethi. Inketho engcono - ngelinye lamadolobha esimanjemanje ubuchwepheshe yezintambo. Futhi ungasebenzisa idivayisi yeselula ngaphakathi Ukusabalala endaweni opharetha yeselula ne amandla okuhle isignali futhi ukusekela ukufinyelela ngesivinini ezindinganisweni sewebhu.

Kuyaqapheleka futhi yizinhlobonhlobo lobu buchwepheshe njengoba SIP-wefoni. Akukhona nje ejwayelekile zokuxhumana, kodwa futhi indlela agcwele wokuhlela zokuxhumana ngaphakathi esikhulu (hhayi) ehhovisi, ekhaya, ithuluzi yekubeka uhambela phesheya, ukuxhumana nabangani kanye nabo ebhizinisini kwamanye amazwe - uzobona maduze!

Iningi abahlinzeki lanamuhla ukunikela ongakhetha hhayi kuphela ukwamukela ukudlulisa ikholi, kodwa futhi ukuze urekhode umlayezo wezwi, ukusabalalisa namakholi angenayo amakheli, sebenzisa autoresponders, sikwazi umsebenzi "uyaphindela" kanye nezinye izici ewusizo. Kulokhu, izinga zokuxhumana ezimweni eziningi, akukhona kunabayeni ukuthi luzuzwe yakamuva digital ifoni imigqa.