Umlando wamaJuda kafushane

Yisiphi isizwe has izimpande esiqine kakhulu kule planethi yethu? Mhlawumbe lo mbuzo esihambelana iyiphi mlando. Futhi cishe njalo omunye wabo ukuphendula ngokuqiniseka - abantu bamaJuda. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isintu owakhiwe umhlaba amakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, umlando walo, siyazi, kakhulu, ngezinsuku zokugcina amabili eminyaka ezitholakala kule nkathi yethu, futhi mayelana inani elifanayo BC. e.

Kodwa umlando abantu bamaJuda iphindela ngisemncane kakhulu. Zonke izenzakalo kuyo eduze zithandelana inkolo futhi e noshushiso.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala

Naphezu ubudala babo eside, ukuzwa kukhulunywa ngezintaba lokuqala lamaJuda uvela nesikhathi izakhiwo nje kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe oFaro baseGibithe. Njengoba for amarekhodi ngokwabo, umlando abantu bamaJuda kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ekuqaleni omele zayo zokuqala - Abrahama. INdodana uShemi (okuyinto yena, ebangela indodana kaNowa), wazalwa kule eMesophothamiya enkulukazi.

Lapho esekhulile, u-Abrahama wathutha eKhanani, lapho ahlangana khona nabantu bendawo, wadalula kwamazinyo ezingokomoya. Kulapha ukuthi uNkulunkulu uthatha ngaphansi sephiko lalo lolu umyeni inkontileka nabo, ngaleyo ndlela ngokubeka izibazi, yena nenzalo yakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi baqala ezenzakalweni ezichazwe indaba kwamaVangeli, ecebe kangaka emlandweni abantu bamaJuda. Kafushane liqukethe ngalezi zikhathi ezilandelayo:

• IBhayibheli;
• lasendulo;
• Antique;
• medieval;
• Isikhathi esisha (kuhlanganise nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe kanye nokubuya amaJuda ukuba Israyeli).

Ukuhambisa eGibhithe

Esikhathini ezweni laseKhanani, u-Abrahama siqala enomkhaya, unendodana, u-Isaka, futhi kusukela kuye - kaJakobe. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, okuzelwe Joseph - sibalo entsha elikhanyayo izindaba ivangeli. Uyokhashelwa abafowabo, uthola eGibhithe abe yisigqila. Noma kunjalo, ekwazile ukubaleka ebugqilini futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, baba zazikuphi faro. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa (ekutholeni inceku dabukisa ku retinue umbusi ophakeme) ikhuthaza emincane enhle uhlobo uFaro (Hyksos), owafika sobukhosi ngenxa izenzo ezimbi kanye nesihluku esaholela kokugumbuqelwa lwamakhosi odlule. Lokhu bohlobo yaziwa nangokuthi oFaro-abelusi. Kwake kwathi ngo-amandla, uJosefa ithwala uyise eGibhithe nomkhaya wakhe. Iqala kanjalo-ke oluqinisayo yamaJuda endaweni ethile, okuyinto enomthelela ukwanda kwabo okusheshayo.

Qala ushushiso

Umlando wabantu ezingamaJuda eseBhayibhelini ebonisa njengabelusi yokuthula, ukukusingatha kuphela okwabo hhayi agxambukele ezombusazwe, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lwamakhosi Hyksos ayibone njengoba ally Uyakufanelekela, ebanikeza inarha ehle nezinye izimo ezidingekayo ukuze umnotho. Ngaphambi kokungena eGibithe noJakobe bohlobo iqukethe izizwe eziyishumi nambili (izizwe eziyishumi nambili), okuyinto ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi oFaro, abelusi esekhulile kuso sonke isizwe nazo isiko lalo.

Ngokulandelayo, umlando abantu bamaJuda enkathini isililiselo kuye. Kusukela eThebes ukuze dolobha yaseGibhithe eshiya ibutho lokuketula uFaro mbumbulu, bese usetha amandla lwamakhosi kweqiniso. Lesi senzo ngokushesha uphendukela. Kusukela ukucekwa izintandokazi we Hyksos Basaba nidede, kodwa ibe yizigqila. iminyaka eminingi eyisigqila nokululazeka yamaJuda ahlupheke (iminyaka 210 eyizigqila eGibhithe) kuze kufike kuMose.

UMose no-okukhipha lwamaJuda eGibithe

Umlando wabantu ezingamaJuda e iTestamente Elidala libonisa uMose njengesikhonzi ayeyinzalo ka umkhaya ovamile. Ngaleso sikhathi, ezikhulwini zaseGibhithe kungukuthi sina bethuswa umphakathi wamaJuda ezikhulayo, futhi isinqumo okukhishwe - ukubulala wonke umfana ozelwe emndenini yezigqila. Owasinda isimangaliso, uMose ekhuphukela ukuba indodakazi kaFaro, ngubani okhetha kuye. Ngakho insizwa osezithola umndeni pravyaschuey, lapho kuvula zonke izimfihlakalo uhulumeni. Noma kunjalo, lapho ekhumbula izimpande zakhe, ukuthi iqala ukuba ahlukumeze naye. Kuba babulawa kanjani abaseGibhithe iphathwa abafowabo. Kwelinye izinsuku ukuhamba, uMose ubulala umphathi wejele, ngubani emshaya isigqila. Kodwa iyinceku ezizinikele okufanayo, okuholela ukweqa kwakhe, futhi amane unkom 'idlayodwa ezintabeni. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi uNkulunkulu ebhekisela ngayo isimemezelo sokuba kulethwe abantu bakhe ezweni laseGibhithe, uMose ngenkathi enikeza amandla olukhulu ezimisweni.

izenzakalo ephakeme zihlanganisa izimangaliso ahlukahlukene ukuthi uMose ubonisa kukaFaro, efuna ukuba kukhululwe abantu bakhe. Aziyeki emva kokukhululwa kwamaJuda kusukela ngo- Egypt. Umlando People lamaJuda Izingane (Gospel izindaba) ebabonisa njengoba:

• ngezinhlupho eziyishumi eGibhithe;
• emfuleni ukugeleza phambi kukaMose;
• ukulahlekelwa mana elivela ezulwini;
• waliqhekeza idwala kanye kumiswa waterfall kuwo nokuningi.

Ngemva Ukukhululwa kwamaJuda kusukela ngaphansi amandla kaFaro, injongo yabo kukhona ezweni laseKhanani, okuyinto abekelwe kubo nguNkulunkulu. Kwakulapho futhi wathuma oMose no-abalandeli bakhe.

Israyeli Ezemfundo

Eminyakeni engamashumi amane kamuva, uMose uyafa. Ngqo phambi kwezindonga laseKhanani, awuthenga emnika amandla kuJoshuwa. Kwasekuphela iminyaka eyisikhombisa ukuthola ubukhulu eyodwa waseKhanani ngezindawo. Ngo ezifundeni ezinabantu futhi Israyeli kwakhiwa (ngesiHebheru "theomachist"). Okulandelayo Umlando wamaJuda isitshela indaba kumiswa edolobheni - njengoba izwe inhloko-dolobha yamaJuda kanye maphakathi nezwe. Esihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi kukhona ezifana ubuntu owaziwa, uSawule, uDavide, uSolomoni, nabanye abaningi. It yamisa ithempeli elikhulu, lapho abaseBhabhiloni adilize futhi okuyinto kubuyiselwa emva yokukhululwa amaJuda inkosi ehlakaniphile Persian saseKrethe.

-Israyeli uyahlukaniswa abe uthi ezimbili: u-Israyeli noJuda, kamuva abambe futhi adilize abase-Asiriya nabaseBhabhiloni.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kwamakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva ekunqotshweni kwamaKhanani uJoshuwa izwe, abantu bamaJuda baxoshe emhlabeni wonke, kokulahlekelwa umuzi wakhe.

izikhathi kamuva

Ngemva kokuwa kombuso wamaJuda iJerusalema Umlando wamaJuda it has amagatsha amaningana. Futhi cishe yilowo nalowo kubo kufika izikhathi zethu. Mhlawumbe akukho ngesandla esisodwa, nomaphi babaJuda ngemva kokushona ezweni lesethembiso, njengoba akukho lizwe esikhathini sethu lapho kwakungekho ukuba abaHlakazekile abangamaJuda.

Futhi kuwo wonke umbuso abahlangane naye "abantu bakaNkulunkulu" ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uma eMelika base ngokuzenzakalelayo amalungelo alinganayo nge bomdabu, lo eduze komngcele waseRussia asalinde ukushushiswa okukhulu futhi ukuhlazeka. Umlando wabantu ezingamaJuda eRussia ukhuluma kwemibhikisho, kusukela Cossack kuphangwa ziphethe Kwesizwe phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.

Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1948, unyaka isinqumo United Nations ukuba amaJuda abuyela 'ezweni zomlando "yabo - Israyeli.