"Amaphoyisa ombuso": Ingabe iRussia iyawela ngaphansi kwale ncazelo

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukubiza umbuso kahulumeni osungulwe eRussia Federation kusukela ngesikhathi sokushiya inqubomgomo kaYeltsin kumapholisa, masizame ukungakhethi ukuthi isimo samaphoyisa siyiziphi, yiziphi izici zayo eziyinhloko, ukuthi zakhiwe kanjani izinhlobo ezinjalo zikahulumeni futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu Iphatha ukugcina isikhathi eside.

Incazelo yalezi zindlela zitholakala emakhulwini e-XVIII-XIX. Amazwe okuthiwa yiwo wonke ama-levers kahulumeni ayesezandleni zabantu abakhulu, abasebenzisa izakhiwo ezahlukene zamandla (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babizwa ngokuthi: amaphoyisa, inkonzo yokuphepha, i-carabinieri, noma amaphoyisa) ukugcina ukulawula kwazo zonke iziphathimandla.

Ngaphansi kwamiphi imibandela iphakama emaphoyiseni? Izibonelo zomlando zibonisa ukuthi imvelo ye-anarchy jikelele kanye nezinxushunxushu iyathandeka kakhulu ekudalweni kwayo. "Impi yabo bonke ngokumelene nabo bonke" iholela ekuqedeni komphakathi okulimazayo. Labo abangakwazi "ukudoba emanzini anodaka" baqala ukuzwa ama-nostalgic ngezikhathi zokuthula futhi balangazelela "isandla esinamandla". Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-Mafiosi / ama-racketeers izolo abe ngaphansi kwamagama athi "Ukuzinza Nokuhleleka". Izitatimende ezinjalo, njengomthetho, zihlaba umxhwele iningi labantu.

Isimo samaphoyisa singamemezela inhlonipho ngamalungelo abantu kanye nenkululeko yentando yeningi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphindaphindiwe ekukhulumeni kwababusi bezwakala amazwi athi "ukuyala okunzima", "isiyalo" futhi "kucace ukuphathwa okuqondile." Ukhathele "ukungabi namthetho," umphakathi uvumelana nalokhu. Indima yamaphoyisa namanye ama-ejensi ezokuphepha kubonakala sengathi abaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo: ngubani ozokwenza "ucindezele" i-gangster, uma kungenjalo umuntu ophethe imisebenzi ehlanganisa nokuvikela umthetho? Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukulawula okuqinile kuhlanganisa zonke izigaba zokuphila komphakathi.

Ukuzinza okufisa akukafiki. Lokhu kubangelwa yizitha zangaphandle "ezizama ukusibeka ngamadolo", kanye "nabasabisayo-abaqaphi" abasebenza ngaphakathi. Isimo samaphoyisa sikhuthaza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphe futhi zihlanganyele ngazo zonke izindlela nge-ejensi yokuphepha. Ungakhumbula inkulumo kaMbusi waseRussia uNicholas I: "I-revolution isemngceleni waseRussia, kodwa ngeke ngiyivumele ngaphakathi". Ngokufanayo, uVladimir Putin wakhuluma nange- Orange Revolution e-Ukraine.

Isibonelo se-classic esho lapho "izakhiwo zamandla" ezibusayo ibhola yiSpain ngezikhathi zikaFranco, eChile ngaphansi kwesithende sikaPinochet, umbuso we "Kemalism" eTurkey. Akungabazeki ukuthi uhlobo olunjalo lukahulumeni luphikisa umphakathi womphakathi. Ukukhangisa okuthe xaxa lolu hlobo lwezwe ngeke lwenze ama-slogans okunamathela entando yeningi, noma isifenqo samaphoyisa esisha (ikakhulukazi esesimweni sabesifazane). Abantu bahlawula kakhulu "ukuzinza": izakhiwo zombuso zilawula ngokuqinile impilo yezombusazwe nezomphakathi ezweni, imithetho ihunyushwa ngokukhululekile, umkhuba olula wokuhola wezobugebengu udalwe, abezindaba abathandwayo bayasuswa, futhi ukuphikiswa kuphethwe.

Ngakho yiyiphi iRussia yanamuhla? Isimo samaphoyisa, igunya lobunikazi, i-oligarchy noma into ephakathi? Izibonelo ezithinta kakhulu emiphakathini yamaphoyisa zikhombisa ukuthi wonke amandla amandla kagesi ahloselwe ukuvikela abakwa-elite abasemthethweni (ngokuvamile abesilisa bezohwebo, izikhulu ezinkulu, ngezinye izikhathi ekilasini eliphakathi). Abamele balezi zici bangazizwa bekhululekile kakhulu, ngoba bayayisekela. ERussia, isiphetho seKhodorkovsky noLebedev sibonise ukuthi ukusebenzisana ekilasini akuyona "inoculation" yokucindezelwa. Cishe, lapha sibhekene ne-oligarchy, esusa abaqhudelana noma abantu abangafuneki endleleni yezakhiwo zamandla.