Yisakhamuzi Russian ngendlela lula ukuze abantu base-Ukraine (2014)

Njengamanje, iRussia inenani elikhulu labafuduki bevela emazweni angomakhelwane, ikakhulukazi e-Ukraine. Iqiniso liwukuthi inqubo yokwemthethweni ezweni lezizakhamuzi zamanye amazwe liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, elinezinyathelo eziningana, idinga ukuthobela izimo ezithile zesevisi yokufuduka kanye nokuba khona kwezizinda zensimbi zokuba yisakhamuzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sokuhlanganiswa singasukela eminyakeni engu-7 kuya kwengu-10. Kodwa ngenxa yokubuyekezwa komthetho wokufuduka kanye nokufakwa kwezichibiyelo kuwo, izigaba ezithile zezakhamuzi ze-CIS zinethuba lokuthola isakhamuzi saseRussia ngendlela elula.

Izigaba zokuba isakhamuzi saseRussia embusweni jikelele

Inqubo evamile yokuthola ipasipoti yaseRashiya inqunywe kuMthethosisekelo futhi ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningana zokugunyazwa. Yingakho abaningi bekhathazeka ngombuzo: indlela yokuthola ubuzwe baseRussia ngendlela elula ngo-2014? I-Ukraine ayinayo amalungelo enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea, nakuba ayiboni lokhu. Kule ndaba, izakhamuzi eziningi zakwazi ukuthola ngokushesha izakhamizi zaseRussia.

Izivakashi zihamba ngezigaba eziningana zokumiswa:

• Ukuthola isimo somhlali wesikhashana.
• Imvume yokuhlala.
• Iphasiwedi ye-Russian Federation.

Esikhathini esisheshayo, izigaba ziguqulwa. Isakhamuzi sangaphandle sibhala isicelo kumzimba ogunyaziwe futhi sinikeza uhlu olugcwele lwezizathu zokuhlanganiswa. Yonke imibhalo inikezwa ngamakhophi aqinisekisiwe. Uma kunesidingo, uphawu olukhethekile lubekwa - i-apostille. Thola i-RWP (imvume yokuhlala yesikhashana) ayidingekile, isivakashi ngokushesha sithumela amaphepha ukuthola imvume yokuhlala. Izakhamuzi ze-Peninsula yaseCrimea kanye neSevastopol, ababhalisiwe endaweni yabo yokuhlala, bathola imvume yokuhlala izinsuku ezingu-6. Igama lokumiswa njengelonke libuye linciphise.

Ikhadi lokufuduka

Lona idokhumenti ukuthi zonke izivakashi ezisuka kwamanye amazwe zithola uma ziwela umngcele waseRussia kumasiko. Kuyishidi eligcwaliswa ngumfokazi ngokwakhe kanye neziphathimandla zamasiko. Abanye banamathele ukubaluleka kuleli phepha, okuyinto engacabangi kakhulu.

Kulabo abafaka isicelo sokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia ngenqubo elula noma ngokuvamile, ikhadi lokufuduka liwumqulu onesibopho onikezelwe i-FMAMS. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ugcwaliswa ngesiRashiya. Kodwa-ke, kunesihluthulelo kulabo abakhulumi isiRashiya nhlobo. Bavunyelwe ukugcwalisa ulimi lwabo lwabantu basekhaya (kodwa njengomthetho, abafake isicelo sokuba yisakhamuzi kumele bafunde ulimi lwezwe ezingeni elihle).

Lapho uqedela ikhadi lokufuduka, kubalulekile ukukhombisa kukholomu: "inhloso yokuvakashela" - ukuthola ilungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia. Inqubo elula ngo-2014 ye-Ukraine (noma kunalokho, izakhamizi zayo zangaphambili) kanye nezivakashi ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ipasipoti yaseRussia yenziwa ngemuva kokubuyekezwa komthetho. Uma umgomo uhlukile, abasebenzi bomnyango wokufuduka ngeke bawamukele imibhalo yokucatshangelwa. Isikhathi sokuqinisekisa salolu phepha siyizinsuku ezingu-90, emva kwalokho ukubhaliswa kabusha kuyadingeka.

Ukuhlala okwesikhashana

Kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umuntu ohlose ukuhlala eRussia izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu, futhi uma ukuthola ilungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi kuyisigaba esidingekayo sokuhlanganiswa. I-RWP isiqinisekiso sokuthi umuntu ohlala kwelinye izwe noma umuntu ongenamthetho ohlala ezweni. Inika ilungelo lokuhlala kuphela kwelinye lalezi zifunda iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emithathu (ngokuvamile lapho kubhaliswa khona). Kulabo abathola ilungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia ngendlela elula, ngo-2014 kwaba yisikhathi sokubuyekezwa komthetho waseRussia mayelana nokuqedwa kwalesi sigaba.

Le dokhumenti ayivuselelwa, kodwa njalo ngonyaka isakhamuzi sangaphandle siqinisekisa ilungelo lokuhlala kuleli zwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umbiko ogcwele ngokuphila komfokazi ezweni, ukukhokha intela kanye nenzuzo. Ikhanseliwe lapho kwenzeka ukungabi khona komuntu ohlala ezweni laseRussian, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi noma ukuthunyelwa kwamacala angaphezu kokubili kokuphatha ngaphakathi konyaka owodwa. I-RVP yabangaphandle ibukeka njengophawu, elifakwe kuphasipipoti kazwelonke. Ngomuntu ongenalo yisakhamuzi, idokhumenti ehlukile enezithombe nolwazi ngaye (eqinisweni, kufaka esikhundleni se-identity card).

Imvume yokuhlala

Le dokhumenti ikhishwa kubantu bezinye izizwe nabangenamthetho ngenxa yemvume yesikhashana, ngaphambi kokuba bafake isicelo sokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia. Isakhamuzi se-Ukraine, ngendlela elula eyenziwe isithola isimo sesifundo, le dokhumenti iyadingeka.

Ukufaka isicelo semvume yokuhlala kuyadingeka kusengaphambili. Ukufaneleka kwemvume yesikhashana ngesikhathi sokusebenza kungaphezulu kwezinyanga ezingu-6. Imvume engunaphakade inikeza amathuba amaningi kubantu bezinye izizwe: ukusebenza, ukuthola imfundo, ukuvula i-IP, ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zebhange eRussia. Noma kunjalo, kunomphumela owodwa ophawulekayo - ukufaneleka kwalo mbhalo kunqunyelwe (iminyaka emihlanu).

Ubuzwe beRussia Federation enqubo elula (2014) yama-Ukraine inikeza ukubhaliswa okukhethekile kokuthola imvume yokuhlala zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili. Kuhulumeni jikelele, leli gama lide kakhulu, kusukela ngonyaka ongu-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingeki ukuthola i-RWP bese uhlala isikhathi esithile ensimini yombuso.

Imvume yokuhlala ingumqulu ohlukile. Iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nomnikazi, ukufaneleka kwemvume, isisekelo sokukhishwa, ulwazi mayelana negunya lapho idokhumenti lwakhiwe khona. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho waseRussia, ukuba khona kwerekhodi lobugebengu nomnikazi, ukungabikho kombiko ohlolwe intela noma umnyango wokufuduka (ekupheleni konyaka ngamunye) ensimini yezwe izinyanga ezingaphezu kwengu-6, ukungabi khona kwemali engapheli izinsuku ezingaphezu kwengu-180 yisizathu sokukhanselwa kwemvume ekhishwe nokuthunjwa kwesakhamuzi sakwamanye amazwe.

Ipasipoti yaseRussia

Kungenzeka yini ukuthola ubunikazi baseRashiya gr. I-Ukraine ngendlela elula (izinguquko ezingu-2014 emthethweni) kuxhomeke ezimweni ezihlukile: ukuba khona kwezihlobo ezweni, ukubhaliswa okuhlala njalo ensimini ye-Peninsula yaseCrimea noma idolobha laseSevastopol njalonjalo.

Ukungenelela ekubeni yisakhamuzi kungenzeka kuphela emva kweminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala kuleli zwe, kudlulisa ukuhlolwa kwamakhono olimi, ukunikeza isethi edingekayo yamadokhumenti ku-FMAMS. Inqubo (ngokulandelana okujwayelekile) ingathatha cishe unyaka owodwa, ngakho-ke kufanele ufake isicelo ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemvume yokuhlala.

Ubuzwe beRussia Federation bulula ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, udinga ukuba nezizathu ezithile. Kulokhu, abantu bangaphandle bangase bangathathi ukuhlolwa ngolwazi lwesiRashiya, kunalokho baxoxwa emnyangweni we-FMAMS. Futhi azikho ngaphansi komthetho wokuphoqeleka: ukuhlala eRussia okungenani iminyaka engu-5-7. Bangase bangabi nomsebenzi osemthethweni futhi bangaqinisekisi imali engenayo.

Umehluko phakathi kwezimo eziphuthumayo nezijwayelekile

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwenqubo elula yokuthola isakhamuzi saseRussia kusukela ejwayelekile. Okubalulekile ukuthi umbuso jikelele uhlinzekela ukukhishwa kwemvume yokuhlala kanye nokungena ebukhosini ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso samanje. Okusho ukuthi isakhamuzi esingaphandle sithumela isicelo bese silinda kuze kube khona i-quota ekhululekile ebonakalayo futhi inqubo yokubhalisa ubunikazi bakhe obusha iqala. Akekho owaziyo uma i-quota izovela, ngoba uhulumeni uhlinzeka ngonyaka ngonyaka ngenani elithile lama-quotas esifundeni ngasinye. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma ngo-2016 lowo ofake isicelo engatholi isabelo, uzokwazi ukungena kobuzwe kuphela ngonyaka ozayo.

Ubuzwe beRussian Federation ngendlela elula--2014 yama-Ukrainians nezinye izivakashi ezivela ku-CIS kubonisa ukuqala kwenqubo yokwemthethweni kwesakhamuzi sakwamanye amazwe, kungakhathaliseki ukutholakala kwezingcaphuno. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi sokucubungula sinciphisa izikhathi eziningana. Kodwa-ke, ukuba uhambisane nenqubo ngaphansi kohlelo olwenziwe lula, umfuduki kufanele ahlinzeke ngezizathu ezidingekayo. Uma izizathu zenye yezinyathelo zokuhlanganiswa zilahlekelwa amandla azo, isakhamuzi sakwamanye amazwe silahlekelwa amalungelo. Kuzodingeka ahambe kuzo zonke izigaba ezijwayelekile zokuthola isimo esisha, esinikezwa kuzo zonke izivakashi ezivela kwamanye amazwe.

Ubani ongathola ilungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia ngomyalelo we-2014 owenziwe lula?

Ngaphambi kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwesakhamuzi kwakhishwa isikhathi eside futhi kufaka indawo yokuhlala isikhathi eside eRussia, kanye nezinye izimo. Ngenxa yenguquko emthethweni, izivakashi eziningi zinesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi yiziphi izigaba zezakhamuzi ezinelungelo lokufaka isicelo senqubo elula yokuthola ubuzwe baseRussia?

Ukuze ufanelekele ukuba yisakhamuzi ngo-2014, ngaphezu kwesilinganiso samanje, umuntu kumele ahlangabezane nesinye sezigaba ezilandelayo zezakhamuzi:

1. Ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu ekudingeni eRussia (odokotela, onjiniyela, abaqambi kanye nabanye).
2. Ubuntu obuvelele obufanele ezemidlalo, okwenziwe noma esigabeni somhlaba.
3. Ososayensi abafuduka ngenhloso yemisebenzi yesayensi eRussia.
4. Izikhulumi zasekhaya zesiRashiya.
5. Izizukulwane ezihamba ngezansi kwezakhamuzi zaseRussia.
6. Izakhamuzi zase-USSR zangaphambili (noma kunalokho ingxenye lapho iRussia Federation ikhona ngo-2016).
7. Abathengi abacebile abakulungele ukutshala imali emnothweni waseRussia, bavule ibhizinisi, banikeze izakhamizi ngemisebenzi emisha.
8. Ababaleki bezombusazwe.
9. Abashadile basezakhamuzi zaseRussia abashadile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3.
10. Ukubuyiselwa kwelahlekile ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ubuzwe beRussia Federation esikhathini esidlule.
11. Abezizwe abafunda emayunivesithi aseRussia.
12. Owayengumkhosi wezempi noma labo ababekhonza emabuthweni aseRussia ngokubiza noma inkontileka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3.

Ubuzwe beRussia Federation enkambisweni eyenziwe izakhamizi zase-Ukraine zinikeza ithuba lokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia ngesikhathi esifushane (kuye ngezimo ezithile).

Inqubo esheshayo

Ngo-2014, isimiso esiyisisekelo sokungena esizweni saseRussia sashintshwa ngendlela elula. Izakhamizi zase-Ukraine ziqukethe okulandelayo:

• Ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlala okudingekayo eRussia ngenhloso yesicelo.
• Ukuqedwa kwesiteji sokuthola imvume yokuhlala yesikhashana.
• Kwezinye izimo, asikho isidingo sokukhokha imali yombuso kanye nemali yokukhokhela imali.
• Kuzakhamuzi ezithile kungenzeka ukukhipha ama-visas akhethekile ukungena ezweni futhi uthole isimo esisha.

Ngo-2014, izimo zokungena kobuzwe be-Russian Federation enqubo elula yashintsha. Kudingeka ukuthi usebenzise umnyango we-Federal Federal Migration Service, nawo onke amadokhumenti, isicelo kanye nezizathu zokudlulisa inqubo ngaphandle kwe-quotas esungulwe.

Uhlu lwamaphepha adingekayo nezitifiketi

Ngaphambi kokuba uthole ilungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia ngendlela elula, udinga ukuqoqa yonke iphakheji yamadokhumenti. Ukulungiselela amaphepha, ukuqinisekisa izizathu, amakhophi nezinye izinto ukuqala inqubo kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi isitatimende esibhaliwe esibhaliwe, ukuntuleka kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi, amaphutha ekuklanyeni - konke lokhu kungase kube yisizathu sokwenqaba ukwamukela imibhalo. Lokhu kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi isikhathi sokumemezela singase sande, noma ukuhlanganiswa ngeke kwenzeke.

Yimiphi imibhalo ethunyelwe ku-service yokufuduka (noma embassy):

1. Isicelo. Ukuze igcwaliswe ezincwadini zokuvimba ngesiRashiya, ngokuphindaphindiwe. Awuvumeli ukulungiswa.
2. Ipasipoti kazwelonke. Ukuhumusha okuphawulwayo kufakwe kuwo.
3. Izithombe zefomethi esungulwe 3.5 * 4.5.
4. Isitifiketi esiqinisekisa ukutholakala kwemali engenayo (akudingekile kubafaki ngaphansi kohlelo "Abalingani" kanye nefomu elenziwe lula).
5. Isitifiketi sokungaqiniseki (okudingekayo yibo bonke abantu).
6. Umsebenzi wezwe okhokhelwe yi-ruble angu-3500 (izakhamizi ezithile azikhululekile kulo).
7. Isitifiketi sokudlulisa ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwesiRashiya. Izikhulumi zasekhaya kanye nabafundi baseRashiya baqinisekisa ulwazi lwesiRashiya ku-interview.
8. Ukuqamba kabusha ubuzwe bokuqala. Abahlala emazweni abanjwe yisivumelwano samazwe omhlaba wezakhamuzi ezimbili (iTurkmenistan, Tajikistan) akudingeki.
9. Isitifikedi sokuzalwa.
10. Amadokhumenti ngemfundo kanye namakhophi enkontileka yokuqashwa (uma ikhona).
11. Amadokhumenti kubantwana kanye nezihlobo ezingekho kahle.

Yonke imibhalo yomfokazi kufanele inikezwe ngokubambisana nezinguqulo ezingabhalwanga ngu-apostille.

Inqubo yokubuyiselwa kobuzwe

Okwamanje, inqubo elula yokwamukela izakhamizi zaseRussia itholakala kumaRussia asendulo alahlekelwe yisakhamuzi ngesizathu esithile. Ukubuyiswa kwenziwa ngokwemigomo ejwayelekile, kanti isikhathi esiyimfuneko sokuhlala unomphela sincishisiwe sibe yiminyaka emithathu.

Kanye nesitatimende, lowo owayengumRashiya wangaphambili uhlinzeka uhlu olujwayelekile lwamaphepha nokukhishwa kwesakhamuzi esivele sikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudinga ubufakazi bokuthi kukhona khona esikhathini esidlulile sokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussia (isiqiniseko sokubambisana nezakhamuzi zaseRussia, ulwazi ngokuzikhishwa ngokuzithandela ekubeni yisakhamuzi). Ukuvuselelwa kwenzeka ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhlolwa kwezilimi kanye nobufakazi bokuthola imali.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yilabo kuphela izakhamuzi ezishiye ngaphandle kwazo ziyoba nelungelo lokubuyisela ubuzwe. Isibonelo, zamukelwa noma abazali bazo bathuthela kwelinye izwe lapho beyizingane ngokwabo futhi behluleka ukwenza izinqumo.

Inqubo elula ngokushada

Esinye isigaba sezakhamuzi zase-Ukraine esingakwazi ukungena ekubeni yisakhamuzi ngendlela elula yilabo basemzini abashadile ngokomthetho izakhamizi zaseRussian Federation. Kubalulekile ukuthi, ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo, isikhathi sezinyunyana zomhlaba wonke sidlula umaki weminyaka emithathu.
Izimo zabashadile baseRussia zilandelayo:
1. Umshado usemthethweni, ophethwe eRussian Federation.
2. Umndeni uhlala eRussia.
3. Oshade naye bangaxoxa ngesiRashiya.
Uma izimo zifinyelelekile, kubalulekile ukufaka isicelo nesicelo kumnyango oseduze we-Federal Federal Migration Service. Ukubhaliswa kuzothatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezi-6.

Ubuzwe ngokuzalwa

Uma ingane izalwa eRussia, ingaba isiRashiya kuphela uma omunye wabazali bakhe engumakhelwane wezwe. Uma abazali bengasifaki isicelo sokuqinisekiswa kobuzwe, noma ingane ithola kwelinye izwe, esikhathini esizayo uzokwazi ukufaka isicelo sokubuyiselwa kwamalungelo akhe.

Uma abazali bomntwana bangamaRussia, unelungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi saseRussian Federation, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wazalwa kuphi. Uma abazali beba yisakhamuzi samazwe ahlukene futhi ingane ingazalwa eRussia, khona-ke ubuzwe bungatholakala esikhathini esizayo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenqubo esheshayo.

Uma umntwana ezalwa ensimini yeRussian Federation, futhi abazali bakhe, bengabi izakhamuzi, bashiya umntwana ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwabo, ngokuzenzakalelayo uba yisakhamuzi saseRussia ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ngaphandle kwalokho ube ngumuntu ongenamthetho.

Ababaleki bezombusazwe

Izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe ezibalekela impi (isibonelo, eSiriya, e-Ukraine) kusukela ngo-2014 zingathola isimo sezombusazwe eRussia. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cela uhulumeni wokukhoseliswa emngceleni. Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwesicelo, ababaleki banethuba lokuphila ngokwezimali zikahulumeni emakamu akhethekile. Amadokhumenti aqhutshwa ngabasebenzi bezinhlangano ezifanayo.

Uma umuntu ethola ngokomthetho isimo sokubalekela eRussia, uzosizwa ekutholeni umsebenzi, efundisa ulimi, ehlezi phansi. Izingane ezibalekele zona zinelungelo lokuya ezikoleni nasezinkulisa. Futhi zinikwe izinkokhelo zenzuzo yomphakathi.

Ukuze uthole obaleke zezombusazwe kwabokufika ubhekane ingozi yangempela endaweni lakubo lendabuko. Uma kukhona ngezizathu semthethweni ababaleki nezwe isimiso esisheshayo. Esimweni ekunqanyulweni yezwe labo impi ngezizathu ukungena yisakhamuzi ngeke, okusho ukuthi abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kufanele ushiye Insimu Russian Federation noma ukuhlala bese udlulisa inqubo yisakhamuzi kwimodi ejwayelekile.