Ipatiev yetivakashi ekhatsi eYekaterinburg. Lesi sigameko asebukhosini endlini Ipatiev

Ekaterinburg idume emhlabeni wonke njengoba umuzi lapho amaBolshevik waphakamisela esingu umndeni koMbusi uNicholas II. Indawo yokugcina sokuboshwa nasekubulaleni le nkosi, umkakhe nezingane wakhethwa Ipatiev House. Ikheli lapho kwathiwa elise (Voznesensky Prospekt, 49/9), namuhla asikhumbule abantu abaningi bendawo babebaleka, kodwa ukuba ikutshele ukuthi isakhiwo ngokwaso ubukeka abakwazi konke. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba indlu, okuyinto wachitha ukuphila kwakhe konke asebukhosini, ladilizwa ngo-1977. Namuhla-ke nje ukhumbuza nezithombe ezindala ngabanye nasezintweni ezazisetshenziswa kudala ezingavamile eYekaterinburg iminyuziyamu.

ukuqondana ongaziwa

Ukutadisha umlando umndeni Russian bobukhosi, uzophawula iqiniso ezithakazelisayo. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, owaba umsunguli Romanov lwamakhosi, ezamenyezelwa umbusi waseRussia ngoMashi 1613 ngemuva emkhosini olwenziwa e-Ipatiev Monastery eduze Kostroma. Kodwa lokho ngeke abhale, babangele abaningi odidayo. Ummeleli wokugcina uhlobo olufanayo uPhilip uNicholas II, kanye nomkhaya wakhe wonke ngoJulayi 1918, ubulawe endlini Ipatiev e eYekaterinburg. Ngemva kwalokho, amakhosi Romanov abasekho.

Kungani Ipatiev endlini?

Isigodlo kwegama elifanayo, okuyinto wabusiswa ebhodini Mikhail Fedorovich, futhi endlini lapho shot uNicholas II nomkhaya wakhe, esikhathini Soviet kwaba nje ukuqondana kwezinto. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela? izazi-mlando zanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi indlu Ipatiev Nicholas Nikolaevich amaBolshevik oyikhethile njengoba isayithi nokubulawa singekho isizathu, futhi banikezwe ubufakazi kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela izizathu ezinhle.

Ngemva abdication ngoMashi 1917 uvela esihlalweni sobukhosi umbusi wokugcina waseRoma Russian nomkhaya wakhe wadingiselwa Tobolsk. Nothing nqanda amaBolshevik labazonda ukubhekana le nkosi kule edolobheni laseSiberia, kodwa ngasizathu simbe bamthatha bamusa Ekaterinburg. Naphezu inani elikhulu izakhiwo, bayabulawa wakhethwa neze emangalisayo endlini unjiniyela Ipatiev. Ezinye izazi-mlando zanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi isizathu salokhu ukukhetha kwaba ukwazana Nicholas Roerich uPetru Voykova - uKhomishani Ural amaBolshevik IBhodi wahileleka ngokuqondile nokuhlela sokudutshulwa umkhaya wasebukhosini.

Ngo-1913 waba kugujwa iminyaka engu-300th we Romanov lwamakhosi eRussia, Ipatievsky sezindela wayengomunye walaba izikhungo main nemigubho. Igama lakhe kwakungu ezindebeni wonke umuntu, ngakho lapho amaBolshevik wakhetha nokubulawa lo mkhaya bobukhosi Ipatiev yetivakashi ekhatsi eYekaterinburg, kungenzeka ukukwenza ucabangisisa ngamabomu, enikeza ukubulala olusondelayo okuthile ezithile.

Umnikazi kuqala inxuluma

Indlu ill-fated yakhiwa kuleli ngasekupheleni 80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX njengoba unjiniyela izimayini, ikhansela isimo Ivan Redikortsevym. Beka ngoba izigodi zabo esizayo, wakhetha emthambekeni esentshonalanga egqumeni Ascension. Le ndlu yakhiwe ngenhloso nesimo sendawo. uhlangothi zakhona ezisempumalanga kwaba indaba nanye. Nangu eyinhloko yokungena isakhiwo, amakamelo kanye engaphansi ngokufinyelela okuholela olungaphambili lwesonto oseningizimu Manor. Uhlangothi lwasentshonalanga yendlu lalinabashumayeli emabhilidini amabili kanye Veranda. Ububanzi sakhiwo 18 m, futhi ubude - 31 m Yakhiwa ubuchwepheshe bamuva :. Kwakukhona ugesi, amanzi, indle kanye ngocingo. Amagumbi yendlu wabheka ocebile: kwezindonga zabo ehlotshiswe stucco bese waphonsa yensimbi ekubunjweni nokudweba kwezobuciko lasetshenziswa ophahleni.

Redikortsevu awuzange liyohlala eside umnikazi inxuluma. Ngenxa yezinkinga zezimali e 1898 wadayisa ifa Igolide Sharavevu. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10, endlini futhi yashintsha izandla, kulokhu-ke ukuthi ungunjiniyela civil UNikolai Ipatiev. Umndeni wakhe esezinzile amakamelo esitezi sesibili. Ezakhiweni, etholakala engxenyeni engezansi isakhiwo, wavula ehhovisi lakhe Ipatyev umsebenzi inkontileka.

Ukufika asebukhosini esimweni

Ngu-oda we Ural Council ngo-Ephreli 1918, Ipatiev House requisitioned. AmaBolshevik wanikeza umnikazi izinsuku ezimbili lapho ukushiya indlu. Njengoba UNikolai Nikolaevich ngalesi sikhathi wayengekho eYekaterinburg, okungokwayo siqu ezidiliziwe egumbini isitoreji, etholakala eduze egumbini elingaphansi, lapho izinyanga ezimbalwa Romanovs badutshulwe. Ngemva requisitioning ifa u sibahlanu, sizungezwe uthango double, emikhawulweni zawo ezimisiweyo unogada okuthunyelwe, ibekwe phambi umlindi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube ukukhishwa inkosi, amaBolshevik ngokuthi iNdlu injongo ekhethekile izindlu.

Ukuboshwa le nkosi nomkhaya wakhe babematasa alethwe Ipatiev yetivakashi ekhatsi eYekaterinburg usuku lokugcina Apreli 1918. Ndawonye nabo baya endlini ka unjiniyela abantu 5 ukusekela izisebenzi: udokotela E. Botkin footman Trupp A. incekukazi Demidova, ukupheka Kharitonov GI nomsizi wakhe L. Sednov. UNicholas II naye nezingane afakwe amakamelo amabili eduze etholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga isakhiwo. Ngokushesha ngaphansi kwalezi zakhiwo kwaba engaphansi. Ekamelweni lokudlela kwaku incekukazi ka iNdlovukazi, futhi ehholo - udokotela Lackey. okuthunyelwe eziningana nge unogada iye yenziwe isakhiwo. Ukuya lwegumbi noma yokugezela, iziboshwa injongo izindlu ekhethekile wadlulisa Ukuvikelwa.

ukudubula

I izindlu Ipatief asebukhosini, kanye nezinceku Uchithe isonto eledlule 78 izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe. KUSEBUSUKU Julayi 16, 1918 Romanovs saya kolala, njengenjwayelo, ngo-22.30. Ebusuku savuswa futhi watshela ukwehlela emiphongolweni ye Ipatiev House. Lapho wonke amalungu ayisikhombisa omndeni Romanov, kanye 4 abantu izinceku (umsizi chef Sednova L. wayengekho phakathi kwabo, ngoba usuku ngaphambi kokuba uye wasuswa kusukela endlini) babe egumbini, wafunda ukuthi leso sinqumo futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho esingu.

I okunye isiphetho indlu

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kubulala uzibophezele Romanovs e eYekaterinburg weza Abamhlophe. Indlu futhi sekudlule ku kwelifa loonyana Ipatiev, kodwa wayehlala-ke impela kancane futhi bathutha lizwe. Ngemva kwalokho, inxuluma itholakala endlunkulu induna laseSiberia Army General Radoly Guides. Ngemva konyaka, lo muzi futhi yayingaphansi kokulawula we amaBolshevik. Ipatiev House elaba yindlunkulu Red Army.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, inxuluma behlaliswe zamahhovisi ehlukene. Eminyakeni 1927-1938 khona sivulwe Museum of the Revolution. izivakashi zakhe zabonisa hhayi kuphela izindawo indlu, kodwa egumbini, owabekwa ukubulawa kwabo Romanovs. Endlini 30 liphendulwe Museum anti-ezenkolo nezamasiko kanye zemfundo ke kwiBhodi uNkulunkuluj, igatsha Institute of Culture, zomlando party. Phakathi nempi endlini Ipatiev abangu wayelokhu bashiye esuka kude impela eLeningrad Hermitage embukisweni. Ngo ngemva kwempi lapho nakhona waphinde wavula ingobo yomlando Party ke isakhiwo yanikwa uMnyango Wamasiko wesifundazwe, futhi uye wathola isikhungo ukuqeqeshwa lapha. kwaku "Sayuzdruk" Ukuphathwa kwenye ingxenye inxuluma. Egumbini lendlu iye ifakwe izimpahla. Ngo-1974 isakhiwo yaba enye yezindawo izikhumbuzo zomlando ezibaluleke lonke.

Demolition zezakhiwo

Maphakathi nawo-70-yalolucwaningo we XX leminyaka uhulumeni wamaSoviet ikhathazeka kakhulu ngendlela abanye ukunakwa lenyuke zabezinye izizwe ukuba unjiniyela endlini Ipatiev. Ngo-1978, 2 nje kwahlelwa emhlabeni izinsuku: weminyaka engu le-110 ekuzalweni Nikolaya Romanova, futhi eminyakeni engu-60 kusukela ngo-ukubulawa kwakhe. Ukuze ugweme hype endlini Ipatiev KGB Usihlalo Yuri Andropov wenza isiphakamiso ukubhidliza izakhiwo zalo. Isinqumo sokugcina ukubhujiswa inxuluma wathatha Boris Yeltsin, ubani ngemva kwalokho wamiswa unobhala lokuqala Sverdlovsk lekomiti yesifunda LamaKhomanisi.

Ipatiev House, wema iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-90 eminyakeni, yadilizwa phansi ngo-September 1977. Kuze kube yimanje, kubabulali wathatha izinsuku 3, ngogandaganda nebhola-baba. I ibhaxa lokuchithwa kwesikhungo lwesakhiwo lwase kabusha nalehleliwe enkabeni yedolobha. Namuhla, kusayithi lapho ake wama endlini Ipatiev, olubaluleke Bandla Igazi. Abantu bomuzi walakha kumemori kombusi Abulala futhi amalungu omndeni wakhe.