"Ukusabalalisa kabusha" - kuyini? Imibono ka populism

Engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili, owasungula ukunyakaza, okuyinto esemqoka ukushayela force kwaba nezazi. Kunoma yikuphi ukunyakaza esikhathini esithile eqala ukuvela ukugeleza. Isizathu - the nemibono engafani ezindabeni izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zenhlalo.

Obani labo populists?

Umqondo oyinhloko populism - thola belahlekelene abantu. Abantu abavamile babone abathwali ukuhlakanipha neqiniso. Amalungu Yiqiniso ngifuna indlela socialism.

Ngaphansi kohlaka populism wama phandle isiqondiso izinguquko kanye nesandla esivulekile. Eyokuqala wafuna ukuketula uhulumeni izindlela zobudlova. Lesi sakamuva waphikelela ukuqaliswa kabusha. Eminyakeni 70 ukunyakaza ongene esigabeni esisha - ngaphakathi kuwo bekulokhu kukhona abashoshozeli ngowokuqala izinhlangano amaphekula. Inhloso wabo kwakuwukwenza nokuhlaselwa izikhulu zikahulumeni.

Enye inhlangano yokuqala, okuyinto umemezela kuyindlela eyinhloko ukwesaba ekupheleni, - "Freedom noma Ukufa". Ngesisekelo umehluko ngenxa yezindlela emzabalazweni wamavukelambuso waphula "Land and Freedom" - ezinethonya kunazo inhlangano populist. Ngesisekelo le nhlangano kwakhiwa "Narodnaya Volya" futhi "uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha".

Ukuthuthukiswa movement in the 80s of XIX leminyaka

Populism njengoba iqembu lezombusazwe phakathi neminyaka ushintsho. Yaqalwa ngo-1879, obizwa ngokuthi "uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha" kwaba yokuthi yidlanzana labantu zangaphambili "Land and Freedom". "Narodnaya Volya" uthethe indlela ubuphekula radicalism. Amalungu inhlangano babekhona iningi. "Narodnaya Volya" futhi isihlakazeka "Freedom noma ukufa" lasuka base imibono evamile ye populism ngokuphelele. Babefuna ngenkani ukwenza iziphathimandla ukuba afeze kabusha. Kuhlelwe kokubulawa, ngamabhomu.

WeMinority endaweni "kubuyiselwa kabusha" uhlala ethembekile imiqondo Populists - reformism, ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, amafomu obunokuthula emzabalazweni. Ngokwe-orientation zezombusazwe zalo iqembu Socialists-federalists.

Inhlangano kwamiswa emhlabeni magazini. igama iqembu wanika okuthiwa "kubuyiselwa kabusha" komhlaba. Lokhu kwakuhambisana nezinga eliphansi ukuzwa phezu kwesigaba jikelele komhlaba phakathi abalimi, eyabonakala emva ukuqedwa serfdom eRussia.

inhlangano imibono

"Ukusabalalisa kabusha" ukugcina izimiso endala populists. Kungaphawulwa bona umqondo inhlangano wahlala ezingeni we 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX, isikhathi "uya abantu." Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imibono kwesisekelo wahlala, eziningi imigomo nezindlela ukuyifinyelela wazivelela.

Inhlangano zokuphila kwakubhekwa njengesenzo umphakathi enhle. Kufanele kube ngesisekelo umphakathi sezenhlalo. Ubunikazi bezwe kumele kube collective abanikazi esikhulu impahla kudingeka okwaba. Chornoperediltsi yakha umbono ka yomzabalazo wezigaba, kodwa wayebukeka ukuphathwa Ukhulelwe ngaphezulu. Ngezindlela eziningi, inhlangano kwakuthandeka izimiso bakunintsev. Kakhulu inqatshelwe kokuhlasela kwamaphekula, izenzo impi njengoba oluthile wezepolitiki.

"Ukukhululwa wezeMisebenzi"

Inkinga ngemibono ezibhekene "kubuyiselwa kabusha", abathintekayo ukubunjwa kwenhlangano. Abantu abanethonya elikhulu kakhulu babe Georgy Plekhanov, Vasily Ignatov, Vera Zasulich, Lev Deych. Kodwa benqaba ukuba baqhubeke nomsebenzi kunhlangano futhi usethe ekhatsi Geneva, iqembu "Ukukhululwa Wezabasebenzi" eyayimi ku izikhundla Marxism. Iningi abasunguli bakhangwa umqondo inguquko yesigaba sabasebenzi. Populists futhi ohlanganiswe International zayisekela umzabalazo wokulwa bakunintsev.

Wobunxiwankulu-yeningi revolution, okuyinto isibe ekahle kwenhlangano, yasungulwa ngokusebenzisa sabasebenzi zasemadolobheni kanye nonxiwankulu. Indima ebalulekile kukhala ngu abalimi njengoba ibutho-mva. Kancane kancane, populists jikisa Democrats social. "Ukusabalalisa kabusha" (unyaka isisekelo - 1879 th) yayikhona ngaphambi 1883rd, lapho iqembu "Ukukhululwa Wezabasebenzi" yasungulwa.

umholi union

Georgi Plekhanov kwaba populist futhi ongumholi "kubuyiselwa kabusha". Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba umsunguli iqembu "Ukukhululwa wezeMisebenzi". Ngokungena "Land and Freedom" ngo-1876, uGeorge V benamandla imibono Narodnaya Volya. Wayengumuntu nombhali imibhalo uhlelo, journalism.

Ngemva kokuwa "iZwe futhi Freedom" futhi ukubulawa uMbusi u-Alexander II walahla imisebenzi amaphekula iphiko ezinkulu futhi ihlelwe inhlangano, izimiso kwesokudla populism. Ekuqaleni '80s, kwakufanele bonyana enze yathuthela Switzerland futhi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza lapho. Kancane kancane idluliselwe umbono kaMarx. Waphindela eRussia kuphela emva Revolution kuka-1917 ngonyaka. Wabhala imisebenzi eminingi ku kwabantu, ifilosofi, nokuziphatha.

obuka Evolution umthelela kukhethwa indlela yentuthuko nezindlela emzabalazweni. ukungafani kwemibono samane bekulindeleke ukuthi nemibono engafani ezindabeni esizayo yezwe. Inhlangano ekuqaleni wakhetha imigomo asihlobene ngakho isihlakazeka ngokushesha futhi uguqulwe amaqembu namaqembu amasha. Ukuwa "kubuyiselwa kabusha" ngokufa populism kweqiniso. kwezombusazwe abazinze abaningi baqhubeka besebenzela ekubhaleni izincwadi zesayensi, ucwaningo emkhakheni wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu, izifundo zamasiko, nefilosofi.