Alikhan Bukeikhanov: Biography, imicabango yabantu zezombusazwe, inkumbulo

Kwaphela isikhathi eside igama lo muntu wawuvinjelwe, futhi, like abaningi ayephila nabo, ngokusemthethweni wayebhekwa njengesitha abantu. Kodwa kwadlula isikhathi eside le ndoda ukuthi avuselelwe, futhi umsebenzi wakhe kuye babemhlonipha inzalo sibonge. Namhlanje sezombusazwe omkhulu Alikhan Bukeikhanov, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu lugujwa 2016 - omunye amaqhawe esizwe weRiphabhulikhi Kazakhstan. Phela, i-altare ngokuzijamela izwe elise-Asia Ephakathi, wafaka ukuphila kwakhe lonke.

Active isibalo somphakathi, sezombusazwe elikhanyayo, umlobi brilliant, isazi abanamakhono futhi Patriot nge capital ... Futhi ethnologist, isazi sezolimo namahlathi, Economist, ummeli, isazi - futhi lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izindima zakhe. Hhayi okuningi umlando Kazakhstan owazi ubuntu lokhu ezidlula!

Namuhla, yomlando wakhe kanye nezimpilo ukufundelwa Kazakh ezikoleni. Kuleli zwe, kubhekwa iqhawe lesizwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, esikhathini Kazakh umlando amabhuku zobuntu bakhe abazinikele eziningi Amakhasi. Ngakho, ake ngokuningiliziwe ngaphezulu biography of lo muntu omkhulu.

Esakhula Bukeikhanov

Ebuntwaneni futhi intsha umholi wesikhathi esizayo isizwe senzeka esemajukujukwini №7 Tokraunskoy parish Karkarala esifundeni Semipalatinsk esifundeni (Namuhla Aktogai esifundeni Karaganda esifundeni). Kwaba kukhona ukuthi wazalwa owesihlanu Mashi 1866 Bukeikhanov Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich, ekubeni izibulo kusukela ubaba nomama.

Umndeni wakhe wozalo luka we Kazakh sultans we Torus, futhi isihloko Chingizid Alikhan uyise egqoka ngokuziqhenya. Yiqiniso, amaningi Bukeikhanov lozalo nenhle akuyona lembhali ikakhulukazi. Umndeni kwaba nzima ukuthola imali ezibalulekile.

Efisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indodana yakhe, ucezu onokwethenjelwa isinkwa, walinika abazali Alikhan Madrasah ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu ngo Karkaralinsk ukuhweba esikoleni. Kodwa uyakwazi umfana ophambukayo futhi ngathola izinga lokufundisa ohluphekayo ngokuzithandela wajoyina isikole Russian-Kazakh. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Bukeikhanov abasha wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela ubudala.

Dedela wangena nineties yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, lapho ukwakhiwa ngokugcwele jika of wesitimela eSiberia futhi abasebenzi lobuchwepheshe aphansi ezazidingeka. Ayekulungele Omsk Technical School, ogama umfundi waba yindlalifa uGenghis Khan.

Kodwa umsebenzi railwayman wayengabhekiseli ezimiselwe. Insizwa abanamakhono eqhubekile uthola Economist ukuhweba ngesikhathi Petersburg Imperial amaHlathi Institute. Ngo okufanayo, lapho kahle uMthetho eNyuvesi (futhi Petersburg). Bephumelele uhlolo lokugcina, Alikhan Bukeikhanov iqala yokuba umuntu omdala lolungenamaphutsa abafundile izinsizwa - enesisekelo eyingqopha professional ngokoqobo yesimanje, owazi izilimi eziyisishiyagalolunye. Ngisho ke kwaba sobala ukuthi le nsizwa inendaba ngokuzuma iyezwakala.

imisebenzi yocwaningo

Empilweni yakhe yonke Alikhan Bukeikhanov wakwazi iqhaza mikhankaso ezine ucwaningo, ulobe amashumi ayisihlanu sina amaphepha isayensi kanye ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane amanothi izihloko ezehlukene.

Enezici izwe elingaziwa futhi ikhanga kuye, futhi, ngokufundisa wezibalo bokuqala esikoleni wezolimo, bese ethwele inkonzo bureaucratic in Omsk Technical School, uyaqhubeka ukuthola into entsha futhi sizifundise. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke Bukeikhanov njalo nesithakazelo emlandweni Kazakhstan.

Zona lokuqala lokuyoshumayela ezine ngaye yayiwukuba Tobolsk, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho wafunda umbuzo Russian Izindawo ku Kazakh umhlaba. Kwaba ngemva nje kokuphela Ihlathi Institute - ngo-1894. Futhi iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kamuva, eqala ukufunda asemaqeleni esifundeni - futhi baphinde dengwane e spotlight. Ngokwe-oda uhulumeni, okuyinto ihlelwe umcimbi, ososayensi kwadingeka ukukhomba indawo evulekile efanelekayo Ukuthuthwa entsha.

Kodwa Patriot abasha ukusebenzisa lolu ulwazi ngendlela yabo. Zonke ayewubonile futhi wezwa ngesikhathi uhambo, futhi kamuva waba isisekelo sezinguqulo imisebenzi yakhe zesayensi kanye lesibonwa, lapho umlobi wabonisa futhi wafakazela isikhundla ezabe zincishwe amathuba of Kazakhs ezweni lakubo ngenxa ngamabomu Inqubomgomo Izindawo ka tsarism. Eziyimbangela yalokhu asikwazanga ukuhlala Bukeikhanov ngabandayo. Kubo 'wayengumuntu ogulayo "kwabambana naye kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila.

Ngaphezu ucwaningo kwi ukuma zenhlalakahle kanye zomlando, wahlanganyela Ngokuzayo Undunankulu wase Kazakhstan kanye nomnotho, umlando wendawo, umkhakha kwezolimo, nemfuyo nokunye. D.

isithakazelo Elikhulu, isibonelo, umsebenzi walo enikelwe asemaqeleni imvu zizalela esifundeni, izincomo esingenantengo yokuzalela lezi zilwane: kuphi nokuthi yini zohlobo aphumelele ungcono okuphakelayo ukunakekela, njll ...

Abay: ujwayele imisebenzi imbongi

Ulwazi Alikhan Bukeikhanov bebehamba bomdabu Kazakh izwe lakhe baba base lapho abasebenza ivolumu nesishiyagalombili "inhlangano Russian. incazelo kwendawo Okugcwele esifundeni sethu. " Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi yilokho ezinikele Kazakhstan, futhi Bukeikhanov kwaba labalobi. Esigabeni sakhe, wakhuluma isiko, indlela yokuphila, isimo sengqondo kanye ethnographic ingxenye Kazakh abantu, njengoba imifanekiso abakhuthalele usebenzisa kokubili abantu kanye nomsebenzi lombhali, ikakhulukazi izinkondlo. Alihana Bukeyhanova benesithakazelo izinkondlo of besikhathi sakhe - Abai, ogama inkondlo "Kozy-Korpesh futhi Bayan Sulu" yena ihlaziye emsebenzini wakhe ngokwesayensi.

Emehlweni umcwaningi Abay wayengomunye walaba bameleli engcono entsha Kazakh nezihlakaniphi, wakhuthaza kutimela Kazakhstan. Futhi Bukeikhanov uzama ngazo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga ukugcizelela ziyezwana yabo kanye nabakhulu Kazakh imbongi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi esikhathini esizayo "ukhushulelwa" by Abai kanye nomsebenzi wakhe izilaleli ebanzi, eba umbhali wemilando yokuphila kwabantu kuqala bese ulungela ukuba uzitholele incwadi imisebenzi imbongi. Kodwa ukushicilela iqoqo Tindzaba Bukeikhanov uvinjelwe ukuboshwa, okwenzeka ngo-1905.

Active isibalo somphakathi

Ngokusho ulwazi, okuyinto usinikeza biography olusemthethweni, Alikhan Bukeikhanov kusukela ebusheni bakhe kuqhubeke kuzibonakalisa njengenhlangano isibalo somphakathi asebenzayo. kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile iba sibalo ngoba 1893, lapho ayeyinzalo ka uGenghis Khan, ilungu amakilabhu ahlukahlukene (ezincwadini nezezimali) ehilelekile kwemibhikisho, ihlelwe abafundi. Kulapho Bukeikhanov lokuqala yabhekisela amaphoyisa, futhi uwela uhlu lwabantu kubhekwe "alithembekile kwezombusazwe."

Patriot Young ijoyina itjhaphuluko kazwelonke asemaqeleni esifundeni futhi ekugcineni uba umholi walo. Lena ngokwezinga elikhulu nesandla the brilliant Bukeikhanov ubugagu. Abanye ababephila, kwadingeka inhlanhla khona izinkulumo zakhe, nalokho ukusebenza Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, bethi kukhona cishe neze kunabayeni kuwo ekhululekile futhi ikholisa.

Ukuqala i-career brilliant zezombusazwe

Ngokwemvelo, umuntu onjalo emzileni oqondile kwezombusazwe. Wahamba ngokuqiniseka bahamba kulo mgwaqo. Ngo-1905, Alikhan Bukeikhanov iba yilungu yoMthethosisekelo Democratic Party (Labaqalayo) namaphupho yokudala wendawo (Kazakh) umnyango wakhe. On the isikhathi baqhuba umhlangano emzini Uralsk futhi Semipalatinsk. Ngawo lowo nyaka wakhethwa iPhini kuya Okokuqala State Duma of the Empire, Russian.

Kodwa ukuze bamele izimfuno Kazakhs Bukeikhanov ku aphakeme isimo ezingeni angiyekanga ngoba Duma usuhlakazekile cishe ngokushesha emva kokhetho. Isikhathi waqala edlubulundayo, engazinzile - Russian wanikina kanzima ngempela. Amasekela wazama avikele amalungelo abo ngokuthi ushicilele Vyborg Manifesto lifuna khansela kokuphela Duma tsarist, kodwa imizamo yabo ayizange iphumelele. Ngaphansi yayisho igama Alihana Bukeyhanova.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngo-1905, i-sezombusazwe Ezifuna, okwakubekelwa lilandelwa Amaphoyisa, waboshwa okokuqala. Wamangalelwa ngokuvukela ukuvusa yokungalaleli civil. Ukuboshwa kwesibili kwenzeka ngo-1908, futhi kulesi sikhathi wayengenakwenza off ukwethuka lula. ukubukwa Political Alihana Bukeyhanova olwa inqubomgomo nolaka wamakoloni Russia tsarist, iziphathimandla kubhekwe kungavumelani inkululeko futhi abadingisiwe isishoshovu isixhumanisi Samara, lapho ayehlala khona kuze 1917, lapho kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu kuleli zwe. Kulo nyaka Russia isibe ezahlukene. 1917 ethulwa Bukeikhanov Ngethemba esiyokwenza abantu bakhe ekugcineni bakwazi ukuzibusa.

Wokuphila Bukeikhanov bakubheka njengodumo noma isibonelo esihle osopolitiki lanamuhla. crystal lakhe nobuqotho, wathi ngokuphindaphindiwe, kuze umoya wokugcina ngenkathi sigcina zibonise ukwethembeka nasezweni lokuzalwa kanye nabantu balo. Lo mlisa wayeke walabo abaya ezombusazwe hhayi ngenxa izinzuzo siqu, kodwa ngenxa inhlalakahle yomphakathi.

intatheli brilliant

umsebenzi lesibonwa kanye lesibonwa - lena ekhethekile, ungqimba ebaluleke kakhulu ifa Alihana Bukeyhanova. Azi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi izwi - sikhali engcono, wazama ukuyisebenzisa ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ephumelelayo.

Esikhathini kusuka 1905 kuya 1907 Bukeikhanov umhleli ukusebenza Labaqalayo Party amaphephandaba "The Voice", "Omsk" futhi "Irtysh" e. Ubhala izihloko wesazi "I-New encyclopedic Dictionary". Futhi kusukela ngo-1910 ukusebenza eduze umagazini wokuqala-ulimi Kazakh "Aikap" eqokomisa ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yesifunda, enyuka izinkinga wezemfundo, imithi, isayensi, izincwadi, umkhakha kwezolimo, nokunye okuningi. Konke kwaba phezu izindebe eziphambili Kazakh nezazi isikhathi.

I beacon yangempela Awakening ukwazi kazwelonke kwaba iphephandaba "Kazakh", okuyinto Bukeikhanov ezikhishwe ndawonye nabanye asebenzayo abaqavile emphakathini kanye izintatheli - futhi Dulatova Baitursynov. Umnikelo lokhu trio ekuthuthukiseni intando yeningi futhi wokushisekela izwe e Kazakhstan kunzima overestimate.

By the way, iningi impahla yayo Alikhan Bukeikhanov eyanyatheliswa ngo "Kazakh" ngaphansi kwegama "Ndodana emaqeleni" ( "Kyr Balas").

Freemasonry

Kukhona ulwazi isikhathi esithile Bukeikhanov wabambisana ne Masons. Igama lakhe satholakala Umlando ka Kerensky, owayehola Lodge Masonic "Ursa Minor" Petersburg.

On ukunemba lolu lwazi ukhomba yokuthi ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane Samara iqembu namaFreemason kwenzeka ngakwesokudla ngemva umhlangano Kerensky Bukeikhanov. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi abahlanganyeli bale nhlangano kwaba amasosha kakhulu, elalingelamaFilisti iqhawe kwalesi sihloko.

I Masons ayeyinzalo ka uGenghis Khan wabona ngaphezu kwakho konke umbimbi. bakhe ukuba achaze nethemba wosizo ekupheni ukuzimela kuya Kazakhs. Ngomnyaka weshumi nesikhombisa wayethethelela ngisho esimisiwe inhloko yalawa Yesikhashana Government of Kazakhstan, kodwa ngemva kwalokho indlela nabakhi futhi Alihana Bukeyhanova bahlakazeka, njengoba yokugcina waqaphela ukuthi ukusekela izifiso zawo kwenhlangano, ngeke ulinde. Kanjani hhayi ukulinda wakhe, futhi kusukela Labaqalayo. Nabo ngomnyaka weshumi nesikhombisa naye savalelisa.

Iqembu "Alash": esiyindilinga entsha umsebenzi wezepolitiki

Ukudumazeka kwamehlela Bukeikhanov, awazange ayiphule umoya wakhe. Sezombangazwe ngemva ngomnyaka weshumi nesikhombisa inguquko is singaphindi sibeke phansi izikhali, futhi kungokufanayo nangendoda - kuhlakazeka phakathi emaphikweni awo. Bekanye nozakwabo, izovela lapho kudalwa iphephandaba "Kazakh", lapho uhlela entsha, ezimele ngokuphelele amandla ezombusazwe "Alash Orda" (Alash - Yigama elivamile zonke izizwe, eyagcina yaziwa ngokuthi i-Kazakhs).

Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona lukhulu zomlando buvezwa isiphetho Kazakhstan yanamuhla. Iqembu "Alash" alwa kweqiniso republic obumbene ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, futhi ngaso enhliziyweni nemibono yayo yabeka isifiso lethu lithole inkululeko Kazakhstan njengoba ingxenye yeRussia yeningi. Inhlangano entsha enamandla kuhlanganisa cishe wonke umbala Kazakh nezazi isikhathi.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov ephethwe inhlangano kusukela buqala. Phakathi ukusebenza zamabutho zezombusazwe ke congresses eziningana yayiqhutshelwa, omunye okwakulungiswa ngo-1918, umcimbi engakaze ibonwe - ngowokuqala wamemezela isimo esizimele Kazakhs. Futhi umdali party "Alash" kwaba ehhovisi eliphakeme - kukaNdunankulu Kazakhstan!

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukulwa kanye civil ngaphezulu zahlasela Russia. Izwe balawulwa nezinxushunxushu. Ekuqaleni Alash ordintsy walwa amaBolshevik ohlangothini nabamhlophe. Kodwa lapho yokunqoba amaSoviet, ababenakho ukuxoxisana nabaphikisi ngemibono ukuthula nokubambisana. The main isimo "ubungane" Yiqiniso, kwaba ukuze alondoloze ukuzimela isimo ezisanda kuzalwa. Kulokhu semukelwa ngu ebomvu, kodwa kuphela ephepheni. Eqinisweni, kusukela mzuzu isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka elizimele i-Republic of Kazakhstan abasekho.

Ngakho, isikhathi esifushane Alikhan Bukeikhanov ephethwe inhlangano "Alash" owawungumnyaka lokugcina ngempumelelo yakhe kwezepolitiki. Njengoba sekunama-amandla Soviet Kazakh uyaziqhenya wakuthola kudingekile ukulahla isimo umsebenzi zonke izinhlobo.

Ingcindezelo nokufa Bukeikhanov

Naphezu kokushiya Bukeikhanov kusuka kwezepolotiki, uhulumeni abasha Soviet ukuthi lingase lithathe esiyingozi. Wavimba esimisweni esisha abasha Soviet ngoba awahlanganyeli umbono wobukhomanisi. Mina ukudlala naye okwekati nge-mouse, le athakazelisayo ke ngokuvumela okuxekethile.

Kwakubalulekile ukuqeda ithonya umsunguli party "Alash Orda" ngoba bakubo, ngakho ngomnyaka ngenkani idluliselwe eMoscow, lapho wahlanganyela isayensi, izincwadi, ethnography amabili wesibili; Ufundisa eyunivesithi. Isikhathi Alikhan Bukeikhanov bavunyelwe "esontfweni" kuphela Leningrad - nalapho efike waphelela khona futhi balindele umsebenzi nokufundisa. Kodwa ingxenye engcono kakhulu iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu "links" owawusedolobheni dolobha yeSoviet Union.

"Ezithunjiwe" Kazakh bathule ngesizotha Lint ku imisebenzi yesayensi, lokuqoqa temdzabu, wawufunda umlando wabantu (the ukugcina ngasese uxhumene bakubo futhi eqondisa ithrekhi komhlaba yavelonkhe yenkhululeko). Ngu ukuziphatha kwakhe kwakubonakala ayinangozi ngokuphelele.

Kodwa ngonyaka wamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa "mowed phansi" hhayi enjalo ... Ngokwemvelo, umholi wesizwe wangaphambili usephendukele ekujezisweni kaStalin. Ngesikhathi unyaka ayisikhombisa yesibili, Alihana Bukeyhanova Kuboshwe abasolwa ubuphekula kanye wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ka-September 1937 enikwa isigwebo sokufa. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-ethuthukile Kazakh Patriot akekho ukuba banake cha. Isigwebo wabulawa ngosuku olufanayo.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov: umndeni empilweni yakho

On ukuphila komuntu sibalo Kazakhstan ngobukhulu zombusazwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili hhayi okungaka yaziwa. Kodwa ngisho ulwazi okungukuthi, ngokwanele ukuthi bangaqonda - wayengeyena Licwathile.

Ngo-1901 washada no-Elena Bukeikhanov Sevastianova, uyindodakazi intatheli Yakova Sevastyanova, okuyinto Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich wasebenza ukushicilelwa "asemaqeleni Region." Kakade ngawo-1902, lo mbhangqwana nendodakazi Kanipa (ngokusemthethweni - Elizabeth). Futhi iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kamuva, ngo-1910, indlalifa livela umndeni - indodana Oktay (ngokusemthethweni - Sergei).

Ngomnyaka weshumi nesishiyagalombili Elena Bukeikhanov efa ngokuzumayo futhi eshiya nomyeni wakhe nezingane zakhe ezimbili ngezingalo zakhe. Kodwa Alikhan wayenguthisha ezinhle futhi ngawakhulisa abantu ehloniphekile. Bobabili baya ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi baba izibalo ngokwesayensi. Umzukulu (indodana ka-Elizabeth) wafa empini ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II. Lapho elithuma okwesibili ukushada Kazakh Patriot ayizange. Futhi ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku zakhe wahlala ethembekile ngokuzumayo wamuka inkosikazi ethandekayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izihlobo zika-Alikhan Bukeikhanov azizange "zifihlwe." Izindlalifa zamaSulumane zaseKazakh ziziqhenya ngokuziqhenya, naphezu kwengozi yokuthi zigcwele. Futhi, emva kokuvuselelwa, omunye wabantwana bakaBukeikhanov wathola "isigwebo sokubulawa" emalondolozweni, izinyembezi zageleza phansi ubuso bakhe, futhi ukuziqhenya kwakhe kwagcwala ukuziqhenya ngesihlobo sakhe esikhulu.

Imemori

Kodwa hhayi izihlobo nabangane kuphela abagcina inkumbulo ye-Kazakh enkulu okuthiwa u-Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Ukugubha kwakhe iminyaka engu-150 kulo nyaka kugujwa ngaphansi kwe-UNESCO! Abantu abambalwa kuphela abasebenzisa lokhu kuvuma ...

Kuhleliwe izenzakalo ezimbalwa futhi sezivele zigcinwe ezingeni likahulumeni eKazakhstan, okuzimele ngokuziqhenya futhi ngokuzivikela kuka-Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Umbukiso wezincwadi ozinikezele empilweni ye-legend, ukushicilelwa kwefilimu yombhalo, ukushicilelwa kweqoqo lemisebenzi, izingqungquthela ezihlukahlukene, izingqungquthela nokuningi okuningi, kwakulungiswa yizinzalo ezibonga ngenkumbulo yomuntu ozinikele ngokuphelele ekukhonzeni abantu bakhe.