Uyini musket? Ukubukeka kwamakhasi musket lokuqala

Uyini musket, abantu abaningi bazi konke ngama-. Eyokuqala izwi elihlobene ne-Amaqhawe amanoveli ka-Alexandre Dumas - Musketeers abadumile French. Abaningi uzomangala ukuzwa ukuthi musket uqala ukuvela hhayi eFrance, futhi indlela yakhe French ngalutho. Lokho kuyokwenza ingane ibe musket, beqala ukufunda ngokuphelele e izimo ezingemnandi bona.

Indaba musket

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-16 nesosha ekhulwini igiya ifinyelele ezingeni olutholakala ngesikhathi nezibhamu "lula" umane elahlekile ekulenzeni libe namandla. Inhlamvu wadubula kusukela arquebus (eyandulela we musket), ngenxa yesisindo sayo ongaphakeme (18-20 amagremu) kanye esincane, abakwazanga ukungena imvunulo kanye chainmail kwamasosha ayizitha. It kwakudingeka isikhali entsha nge okwandisa izakhiwo elimazayo. Futhi okusunguliwe powder luyimbudumbudu ukuthi lusemqoka sesimanje izikhali futhi kusungulwa kwekwetfulwa musket.

Ubani owasungula isibhamu

I musket lokuqala (isibhamu nge emgqonyeni eside futhi matchlock) uvele Spain, futhi ayisungula, Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, iSpanishi armourer Mokket kusukela Veletry. indlela yakhe waba obuphelele emgqonyeni 140 cm kufinyelelwe. Lokhu kwanda ubude umgqomo kwakhulisa osezingeni isibhamu powder mali futhi mass, futhi ngokufanelekile, uhla yayo ikhono umlilo futhi isibhakela.

Kodwa ukwandisa ubude umgqomo ake powder luyimbudumbudu nje. Lalingadingi ibenze breech we ramrod isibhamu, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo, kufanele senze nge powder uginindela, unamathele ezindongeni kwathela. Manje, neziqhumane zithutha abangu batheleka breech ngaphandle kosizo, futhi Phezulu kwakubhalwe okhandwe ngesando wad ramrod. Ngaphandle enjalo powder ashisiwe nombala nangokuqinile, okuyinto kwandisa ijubane kokuqala eyamukela inhlamvu.

Izici musket lokuqala

Musket obuphelele wawuyizinkulungwane 180 cm walinganisa mayelana 8 kg, ngakho kwadingeka ukusekelwa kokudubula. fourchette Kuphakanyisiwe (Pad), okuyinto kolunye is ugxunyekwe emhlabathini futhi wabeka phansi yesibili ukwesekwa kushaft.

Nge ukwanda ubukhulu kuze kufinyelele 23 mm (harquebuses kwaba 15-17 mm) bese ukhulisa isisindo inhlamvu. Kube waba musket nesisindo 50-60 amagremu. Kokudubula ububanzi kulokhu 200-240 amamitha, futhi ngalesi ibanga inhlamvu ngesibhakela kalula kakhulu yezembatho zethu eziqine. Nokho, ukuze hit isitha ovela musket, kwakudingekile ukuba uzame kakhulu. Ematfuba ukuthi usayizi target emibili ngama-amamitha amabili efakwe at ibanga kwamamitha 70 ukuba ngishaywe, kwaba% 60 kuphela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyela okunamandla ngeke sithi kuphela umuntu ukulungiselela kahle ngokomzimba. Ukuze ngandlela-thile ukuthambisa igalelo ehlombe ezigugile isiguqo eyayigcwele, udlale indima ukushaqeka mfutho.

Ukushaja isibhamu, kwathiwa edingekayo yokuqhuba elalenziwa.

Njengoba muskets icala

Ngiyaqinisa isibhamu ngembobo kwathela. Ngo yalo ekhethekile etui sokhuni (zaryadtsa) imidlalo powder adingekayo umkhiqizo uhlwayi olulodwa. Umsizi e zaryadtsy ukuthi hung umcibisholo inkemba ibhande, kulinganiswa kusengaphambili. On imbewu eshalofini musket ka natruski (flasks elincane powder) spiked okucolekile. Inhlamvu usebenzisa induku behlanza bafakwa emgqonyeni. Ukukhokha ibangelwa yefilakisi, okuyinto icindezelwa imbewu eshalofini ingalo. Umsizi luvutha futhi odlulela inhlamvu.

Ngakho, ukuze alungiselele shot uchitha imizuzu engu-2, isikhathi lalibhekwa ngesilinganiso okuhle.

Ekuqaleni muskets ukuthi abehlome ngezibhamu kuphela elihamba, futhi ukubala ukuze musket inkonzo lalinabashumayeli abantu ababili: udaba wesibili kulandela ntambo evutha, wamzalela izinhlamvu kanye lezitsha.

Combat amacebo ngoba Musketeers

Ngenxa izinga eliphansi ukusetshenziswa muskets ukusebenzisa amaqhinga ezikhethekile. Amasosha, ayehlome muskets, zikleliswe isikwele elingunxande, le zazo ukujula ongafinyelela kufika ku-12 phakathi kwababusi. Ngemva isikhundla volley engeyokuqala eyakhishwa ke wakhala olandelayo, ngenkathi yena zinhlanga kuze kube sekupheleni kwalesi simiso ukuze ulayishe muskets yabo. Ngakho, iqembu labadubuli kwenziwa cishe njalo. Zonke izenzo ezenziwe Musketeers ithimba, kuhlanganise inqubo ukulayisha.

Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali muskets Europe

Ngo 1515, amaFulentshi uqala ukufunda ngalokho a musket e belwa amasosha Spanish. Musket amabhola ibhoboze kalula kakhulu yezembatho zethu eziqine. Spanish ngosizo novelties bakhe besikhathi eside barreled inqobe emangalisa phezu French.

Ngo-1521 muskets kakade ngobuningi yamukelwa ibutho Spanish. Futhi ngo-1525 kwasungulwa, futhi belwa isiFulentshi, okuyinto wathola igama layo zomlando "Battle of Pavia", abaseSpain aye aboniswa yonke inkazimulo yayo phambi kwalo lonke ukuphakama muskets nezinye izikhali. Musketeers bayisigaba odongeni enkulu ngamanye mabutho French.

Kwakungemva le mpi ukuthi musket, ngaqala ukuzama ukubazi ukwazi eYurophu. Baqala ingalo elihamba amayunithi eFrance naseJalimane, futhi kamuva - nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Esikhathini esizayo, i-musket baba ibhekane ngcono. Benkathi Ephakathi izikhali ezivela eJalimane esikhundleni Silicon matchlock. Trigger, esikhundleni isigwedlo ikhishwe nge isiphethu insengetsha, okuyinto ujuqu flints inhlansi diggedst wokhela neziqhumane. Isidingo yefilakisi wanyamalala.

AmaDashi ngcono isiqu. Bafaka metal senziwa, elithambile okuningi kusuka lapho. Lokhu ngaphandle amacala ikhefu lakhe le shot.

ISpanishi, nakho-Dutch futhi ukuboleka lula musket ukuba 4.5 kg, isikhali ukuze mabutho. This musket baba jikelele, ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo amabutho, nokuthi kwenziwe wonke amabutho European.