Umlingisi uKryuchkov Nikolai Afanasievich: biography, filmography, impilo yangasese

Kryuchkov Nikolai Afanasievich - umlingisi onethalente futhi nje umuntu omangalisayo. Wayephila kanjani? Yilokho kanye okuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Ubuntwana obunzima

U-Kryuchkov Nikolai Afanasievich (igama langempela - uKryuchkov, nakuba kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi lokhu kuyimfihlakalo yakhe yokudala) - uMuscovite wendawo. Wazalwa ngoDisemba 24, 1910. Umndeni wayenabantwana abaningi. Ngaphandle koKolya omncane, owazalwa ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa ubudala, kwakukhona nezinye izingane eziyisikhombisa. Noma kunjalo, izimo zazinzima kakhulu, ngakho abazalwane nodade abayisithupha abazange basinde. Futhi uKolya ngokwakhe akazange ahluke empilweni. Ngenxa ye-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho, wayengenakuqondisa ikhanda lakhe. Futhi ngisho nodokotela babengenamandla kule simo. Ithemba lahlala ngomuthi owodwa ongathengi - umdlalo. Futhi u-Kolya wakhuluma nabo ngokuzinikezela ngokugcwele. Ebusika - skis, ehlobo - ibhola. Umfana wayezimisele kakhulu ebhokisini. Lesi sifo asikwazanga ukumelana nokucindezela okunjalo futhi sahluleka.

Yebo, futhi kwakungeke kwenzeke ukulimaza umfana - kwakusencane kakhulu ukukhula. UColya wayenenhlanhla kunontanga yakhe - uyise ubuyele ekhaya ephila kusukela eMpini Yezwe Lokuqala. Ngahlala phansi ekuhlanganyeleni ukuze ngisebenze njengomthwalo wokulayisha futhi, kubonakala sengathi, umndeni wawungakwazi ukuphefumula ngokukhululekile. Kodwa amanxeba atholakele empini awavumelanga ubaba ukuba aphile isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha wafa. UColya noPeter (umfowabo) bahlala nonina, manje owayeseyedwa owakhulisa amadodana akhe. Kwakunzima, abangane nabomakhelwane basiza - ngubani owayondla isobho iklabishi elingenalutho, owanika isinkwa, ngubani-inhlanzi. Abantu abazange baphile kahle, kodwa uma kwakungesizo usizo, ngubani owaziyo, izingane zingaphila noma cha.

Kakade eneminyaka eyi-14 uKryuchkov Nikolai Afanasyevich waqala ukuhlinzekela umndeni wakhe. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesimiso seminyaka eyisikhombisa, waya e-factory factory, lapho evela khona emsebenzini we-engraver-pokachka. Kumele ngithi uKryuchkov uthathe ngokungathí sina ukutadisha. Ngemuva kokuphela kwe-FZU, ngokushesha wabelwa isigaba esiphezulu kwigridi yokusebenza.

Kryuchkov Nikolai Afanasievich: biography, film debut

Nokho, umuntu akufanele acabange ukuthi iminyaka eyinkimbinkimbi ibeka ku-Kryuchkov into engavumeleki yokudabuka nenhlekelele. Umfana wayenesikhathi sokwenza konke: funda, usebenze, futhi usebenzise kahle. Wadlala kahle i-accordion, wahlabelela kahle futhi wadansa, ngakho akazange ahlale emthunzini. Amakhono akhe ayelokhu ehlukanisa insizwa phakathi kwabahlobo. Kodwa ukukhathazeka kwakhe okuyinhloko kwakungeyona imidanso nezingoma. Wayethanda le midlalo. Wahlanganyela engqungqutheni yedrama, wabonisa ngokucacile ithalenta lakhe kunoma yikuphi ukukhiqizwa. Isibonelo, emkhiqizweni wezingqungquthela zokuqala "1905" uNikolay Kryuchkov kwadingeka adlale izindima ezintathu ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa, lapho lo mfana ebhekana kahle kakhulu. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-16 kuphela.

Yiqiniso, lo mama wabona ukukhathazeka kwakhe futhi wayengajabuli ngalokhu. Kuyaqondakala, ngoba uKolya ohlakaniphile, okhuthele wayengalindela umsebenzi obalulekile futhi onenzuzo, ayengayithola ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa yini umama angayenza? U-Nikolay usesebenza eTrkhgorka, enikeze umndeni wakhe, futhi wanikeza sonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala enkundleni yaseshashalazini.

Kakade ngo-1928 uKryuchkov wadlala eTheatre of Working Youth, lapho othisha bakhe beyizici eziphezulu ze-Khmelv, Savchenko, Sudakov. Wadlala indima encane, kodwa wazinikela ngobuciko ngokuphelele. Ithalenta elinjalo nokuzinikezela akuzange kuphuthelwe uBoris Barnet. Wambona emdlalweni "Call, factory!". Ngendlela, u- Boris Barnet wayengumqondisi wefilimu futhi ngaleso sikhathi wayekhiqize isithombe se "Cutter kusuka eTrzhok" no- Igor Ilyinsky endimeni yendikimba. Futhi uBarnet wayengumlingani kaNataliah Glan, owasebenza njengowokuqala okuyi-choreographer enkundleni yaseshashalazini futhi wayehlanganyele nabadlali bomdanso. Lapha kula midanso ummemezeli wefilimu waphawula uKryuchkov futhi wammemela ngokushesha engxenyeni yefilimu entsha "ama-Outskirts".

UKryuchkov Nikolai Afanasyevich wavuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wangenela indima kaSenka lo shoemaker kangangokuthi, njengoba uNikolay Afanasievich ngokwakhe ekhumbula, kubonakala sengathi konke ukuphila kwakhe kwakungumsebenzi we-shoemaker kuphela. Indima yokuqala ebhayisikobho ye-Kryuchkov yaba yidlulisela ebhayisikobho, ngoba isithombe saziwa kakhulu kangangokuba saziwa ngisho nasemkhosini waseVenice. Ngakho umgwaqo omkhulu futhi okhanyayo womdlali we-cinema waqala.

Kryuchkov Nikolai Afanasievich: Ifilimu

I-cinema yathatha le ncane i-Kryuchkov ngokuphelele futhi ayizange ivumele ukuhamba. Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukudlala lo mculi abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngabani. Kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1993 kwakungekho nezekhefu emisebenzini yakhe ekhazimulayo. Njalo ngonyaka ifilimu entsha ne-Kryuchkov inendima yesikhundla yaphuma. Kwakukhona izikhathi lapho abaningana abasebenza ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe babedwelwa kanyekanye. Futhi kwakunezwi lezinye izithombe.

Ngokucacile ngokucacile yiminye imisebenzi ababukeli babheka izikhathi eziningana, futhi izinhlamvu zala mafilimu azange zithandwa kuphela, kodwa cishe zizalwa. Elinye lala mafilimu laliyimidwebo "iTrekta". Ithimba eliqhakazile nelinamakhono lihlangene lapha. Le filimu yayiqondiswa ngu- Ivan Pyryev, indima eyinhloko eyadlala ngumkakhe uMarin Ladynina. Ngesibekiso salesi sithombe kwakukhona umhlangano wabamakhosi abanjalo abenza njengoKryuchkov, u-Aleinikov no-Andreev. Ingabe ifilimu elinjalo lingabonakali? Yebo akunjalo. Wayevakashelwa izikhathi eziningana, izingane zakhe, amadoda amadala nabantu abadala bebukele, izingoma zefilimu ngokushesha zaqala ukuphila, abalingiswa babefuna ukulingisa. Umphumela wezemfundo wesithombe nokuthanda izwe kuvele nje. Kodwa nokho kwakukhona abahlaziyi abathola le filimu ukuguquka kwezinto zangempela, into eyingozi nakakhulu kakhulu. Isithombe saboniswa kuStalin, ngemuva kwalokho abadlali abane bezindima zokuhola baba abawina iStalin Prize.

Okuthakazelisayo kakhulu kwakuwumsebenzi kaKryuchkov kule filimu "i-Pig noMalusi". Kwakungumsebenzi ongafani nezinye izinhlamvu zikaNikolai Afanasievich. Njengoba yena ngokwakhe ekhuluma, ngisho noVasily Stalin, owayengumngane womusa naye, wamhlupha kule ndima. Kodwa lo mculi wayezikhethela njalo. Wabeka inkanyezi kule filimu futhi wanikeza umfanekiso wesimo sakhe ngendlela enemibala, enekhono futhi ekhanyayo.

Isikhathi sezempi

Imisebenzi ekhethekile kwakuyifilimu eyenziwa ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Elikhulu. U-Kryuchkov wazama ukuya phambili, wacela amabutho asebenzayo, kodwa wayeqiniseka ukuthi ngomsebenzi wakhe uzozuza okuningi. U-Kryuchkov waqala ukusebenza emisebenzini. Wenza ngefilimu, hhayi ukuzidela, ngokushesha ezintweni ezingu-5 zokudweba (1942). Ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe ngalesi sikhathi, amafilimu "Front", "Antosh Rybkin", "Kotovsky", "Ngenxa Motherland", "Umfana kusuka edolobheni lethu". Umlingisi usebenza ukukhathala, ufika esibhedlela kusukela ekukhathaleni, kodwa, engavuki emilenzeni, futhi uqala ukusebenza.

Amafilimu nguNikola Afanasievich Kryuchkov, oqoshiwe ngesikhathi sokulwa, ekhulisa abantu ukuthi balwe. Phela, abalingiswa bakhe bangabantu abafanayo abahlala eduze, abahlala endaweni ethile, basebenze, bafunde futhi balwe Nqoba.

Ukuphila emva kokunqoba

Biography Kryuchkov Nikolai Afanasievich saturated, ezithakazelisayo. Wayengakaze kube lula ekuphileni kwakhe. Ngemuva kwempi, izindima zaba nzima kubo bonke abadlali - i-cinema yaqala ukubhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu. Nokho, ngisho no-Kryuchkov uzokwenza i-movie. Indima yakhe eMaksimka iyamangalisa.

Yiqiniso, uNikola Afanasievich wayengasebenzi ngaphandle komsebenzi wakhe. Indoda ephile ngezikhathi eziningana, hhayi impi eyodwa eyabona leli zwe liqhakaza, futhi izisekelo zalo zaphinda zaphela, izikhathi ze-perestroika zikhathazekile kabi. Kodwa le ndoda enamandla ingelashwa kuphela kuzo zonke izinsizi. Sekuyiminyaka ehloniphekile, wabhala emidwebo "I-Autumn Marathon", "Umuntu esiteshini".

Phakathi neminyaka, inani lamabhayisikobho liye landa, ikhono - konke okushiwo ngenhla, ngoba uNikola Kryuchkov wayehlale enekhwalithi eliyigugu - yena, njengeponji, wayithatha konke okwakumayelana nokusebenza kwakhe, wayengenqikazi ukufunda ngisho nalapho esekhulile. Nge-cinema akazange ashiye kuze kube ngonyaka odlule wokuphila kwakhe. "Izingelosi Zokufa" - isithombe sokugcina lapho kudutshulwa khona umculi ophawulekayo. Ushone ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu.

Umndeni

Amaqhawe kaNikolai Kryuchkov ahlale ejabule, enhle, enamadoda angempela, anakho konke okwenzela uMlandland nomfazi othandekayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi empilweni yangempela, omama balahlekelwa ikhanda kumculi uqobo. Futhi wayeqiniseka ngempela, enqunywe, enhle, enethalente, ezithakazelisayo. Ngakho-ke, uKryuchkov akazange azizwe enganakwa.

Ngisho ngenkathi eqoshwa i-movie "Tractor", wahlangana noMaria Pastukhova. Le ntombazane yayinhle futhi inethalente, nayo yayingumdlali we-actress. Kulo mshado wazalwa owokuqala kaNikolai Kryuchkov - Boris. Kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukugcina umndeni - kunzima kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi kubadlali ababili ukuba baphile ngaphansi kophahla olufanayo. Futhi uNikola wayengeke amelane nemikhuba yezinye izinto ezinhle. Futhi ngesikhathi kuqoshwa ifilimu ethi "Heavenly slug" wayenomcimbi nomdlali omncane u-Alla Parfanyak. Yiqiniso, kwaziwa ngoMaria Pastukhova, ngemva kwalokho wasuka eKryuchkov.

U-Alla Parfanyak wayengaphansi kukaNikolai Afanasievich iminyaka engama-13, kodwa lokhu akuzange kube yisithiyo emishadweni yabo. UKryuchkov wasikisela ukuthi intombazane ibe ngumkakhe. Kulo mshado kwakukhona indodana uNicholas. Kodwa lapha umndeni awuzange uhlale isikhathi eside. Intsha ihlukanisile ngemva kweminyaka engu-9 yomshado. U-Alla waba umkaMikhail Ulyanov, futhi uNikolai wayenomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa omusha.

Okwesithathu uKryuchkov washada nomdlali - Zoe Kochanovskaya. Mhlawumbe, ngalesi sikhathi umculi wayezojabula emndenini wakhe, ngoba wayemthanda kakhulu intombazane futhi enesihluku, kodwa kwakukhona inhlekelele. Ngaphambi komyeni wakhe uZoya wangena ngaphansi kwemoto wafa. Kwakulahlekelwa kakhulu, emva kwalokho uKryuchkov isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukufika enhliziyweni yakhe. Abangane kanye nomsebenzi kuphela abangisize ukuba bangalahlekelwa yingqondo yami. Futhi-ke, eminyakeni emibili kamuva, uthando lokugcina, oluqine kakhulu lomdlali omkhulu - uLydia wabonakala.

Le ntombazane yayisemncane, isebenza njengomqondisi osizayo futhi, njengabaningi, ayikwazanga ukumelana nento kaNikolai Kryuchkov. Bashadile, indodakazi ka-Elvira yazalwa, futhi lo mshado waba namandla ngempela.

Ngaphandle kwama-dynasties

Izingane uKryuchkov Nikolai Afanasevich azange alandele izinyathelo zikayise, akuzange kwenzeke amadenari. Indodakazi encane kuphela ka-Elvira inesithakazelo ku-cinema. Waze wamemezela le filimu ngokuhlanganyela kukayise. Yiqiniso, umsebenzi kawesifazane omncane akazange ahlakulele kanye noyise.

Kodwa indodana yakhe ephakathi uNikola Kryuchkov wayekhathazekile njalo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kwakukhona izikhathi. Ngenxa yokuphikisana nomama wakhe, lo mfana waqala ukuhlala ngokwehlukana efulethini elithengwa ngabazali. Ngemva kokuthumela uSolzhenitsyn, uNicholas wathumela isicelo sokuthukuthela eBrzhnev wangena esibhedlela sengqondo. Amagama amakhulu abazali adlala indima, futhi lo mfana wadedelwa ngenyanga, kodwa akazange afunde isifundo. Lokhu kwaqhubeka izikhathi eziningana. Ngenxa yalokho, walahla ubuzwe bakhe futhi wathuthela eJalimane.

Hero evamile

Ukuphila kukaNikolai Afanasievich Kryuchkov kwakungazange kube ne-roses. Konke akuthola ngomsebenzi wakhe, ubuthongo bokulala kanye nempilo. Kodwa wazuza okuningi.

• Ungumninimzi weStalin Prize we-degree yokuqala (1941) ngendima kaKlim Yarko efilimu "Tractor" (1941).
• I-Kryuchkov Nikolai Afanasyevich yi-Hero ye-Socialist Labour (1980).
• Unesihloko somculi wabantu we-USSR (1965).
• Unesihloko somculi wabantu we-RSFSR (1950).
• Wathola isihloko somculi ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR (1942).
• Wanikezwa imiyalo emibili kaLenin.
• Unomyalelo we-Revolution ka-Okthoba.
• Wanikezwa imiyalo emithathu yeBlack Banner of Labour kanye ne-Order of the Red Star.

Kodwa umklomelo wakhe oyinhloko uyinkumbulo engaqondakali yombukeli, obanikezela impilo yakhe.